Archive for the ‘Anaplasmosis’ Category

Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato & Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infections in German Horses

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/12/1984

Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infections in German Horses

by 1,*,1, 2, 1, 3, 1 and 3
Received: 15 April 2023 / Revised: 30 May 2023 / Accepted: 10 June 2023 / Published: 14 June 2023

Abstract

There are limited data on Lyme borreliosis (LB), a tick-borne disease caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, in horses. Seropositivity is not necessarily associated with clinical disease. Data on seropositivity against Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in German horses are sparse. Therefore, serum samples from horses (n = 123) suspected of having Lyme borreliosis and clinically healthy horses (n = 113) from the same stables were tested for specific antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The samples were screened for antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi (ELISA and an IgG line immunoblot assay). Furthermore, the samples were examined for antibodies against B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum with a validated rapid in-house test (SNAP® 4Dx Plus® ELISA).
The clinical signs of suspect horses included lameness (n = 36), poor performance (n = 19), and apathy (n = 12).
Twenty-three percent (n = 26) of suspect horses and 17% (n = 18) of clinically healthy horses were seropositive for having a Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection (p = 0.371), showing that the detection of specific antibodies against B. burgdorferi alone is not sufficient for a diagnosis of equine LB. Anaplasma phagocytophilum seropositivity and seropositivity against both pathogens was 20%/6% in suspect horses and 16%/2% in the clinically healthy population, showing only minor differences (p = 0.108). Unspecific testing for antibodies against B. burgdorferi without clinical suspicion of Lyme borreliosis is not recommended since the clinical relevance of seropositivity against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato remains to be elucidated.
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Category:

Anaplasmosis, Lyme, research, Testing

1 in 5 Shelter Dogs Infected With Lyme, Co-Infections and/or Heartworm

https://www.lymedisease.org/shelter-dogs-infected-with-lyme/

1 in 5 shelter dogs infected with Lyme, co-infections and/or heartworm

By Leigh Beeson, University of Georgia

Aug. 23, 2023

Long the bane of pet owners’ existence, ticks and mosquitoes are expanding their geographic range due to warming temperatures, frequently bringing disease with them.

A new study from the University of Georgia suggests shelter dogs in the Eastern U.S. may be bearing the brunt of that burden.

The researchers analyzed blood samples from 3,750 dogs from animal shelters in 19 states across the Eastern U.S. to determine the prevalence of heartworm and three tick-borne bacteria.

The study found more than one in 10 of the dogs were infected with heartworm. More than 8% of the dogs had been exposed to the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. An additional 10% were infected with bacteria that cause anaplasmosis or ehrlichiosis, which are less well-known diseases contracted from ticks.

Almost 5% of the dogs had multiple infections, meaning many had been exposed to more than one disease-causing agent.

These diseases can easily avoided by using preventive medications. But that often requires access to veterinary care. Unfortunately, many neglected or stray animals that are brought to shelters haven’t received these preventatives for long periods of time, if they’ve had them at all.

For heartworm, infections may be treatable with medication and over even surgery, but it’s an expensive option. Unfortunately, many long-term infections are difficult to treat and may be fatal.

Corinna Hazelrig

Importance of prevention

“This study shows us how important those preventive medications are,” said Corinna Hazelrig, lead author of the study and a current doctoral student in UGA’s College of Veterinary Medicine. At the time of the research, Hazelrig was an undergraduate student in UGA’s Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources.

“Preventatives can be expensive, and some pet owners may not want to or be able to invest in them. However, these pathogens are common throughout the Eastern United States, and the best management strategy for your pet’s health is to use preventive medications on a regular basis.”

Climate change increasing range of disease-carrying mosquitoes, ticks

Diseases caused by ticks and mosquitoes pose a significant health risk to humans, their pets and wildlife.

Heartworms can cause lasting damage to the heart, lungs and other arteries in animals if left untreated. Lyme disease commonly results in loss of appetite, fatigue and lameness, but it can also damage the kidneys.

Heartworms aren’t a huge concern for people, but Lyme disease can lead to fever, a rash and joint and muscle aches. Symptoms of anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis in people range from fever and severe headaches to more severe conditions, such as brain damage and organ failure.

All three tick-borne bacteria require antibiotics to clear the infection.

Due to climate change, the ticks and mosquitoes carrying these diseases are expanding their geographic range.

“People in the Northeastern U.S. don’t think heartworm is in their region, and people in the Southeastern U.S. don’t think Lyme disease is in their region,” Hazelrig said. “However, we detected heartworm in Maine, and we detected exposure to the causative agent of Lyme disease in Virginia. The change in our climate is allowing the geographic range of ticks and mosquitoes to expand.”

Disease-carrying pathogens pose threat to people

Even for people without pets, the increasing presence of disease-carrying ticks and mosquitoes is concerning.

A previous UGA study in collaboration with Clemson University found that areas where more dogs are exposed to the bacteria that causes Lyme disease have higher rates of human infection as well.

Michael Yabsley

“Collectively, these studies highlight the importance of dogs as sentinels for some pathogens that infect humans, including the agent of Lyme disease,” said Michael Yabsley, a co-author on that paper and a corresponding author on the present study.

Yabsley is a professor with joint appointments in UGA’s Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and the College of Veterinary Medicine.

“These data help us understand the distribution of these pathogens, how their distributions are changing and where we may expect human infections to occur.”

This work was conducted in collaboration with the Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC), which has provided prevalence maps for multiple pathogens of domestic dogs and cats since 2012.

These maps are updated monthly and show what’s happening in every county, including areas where there may not have been a risk for some of these pathogens a decade ago. CAPC makes access to the monthly canine data available in its prevalence maps, a resource available free online.

With around a million test results collected monthly from dogs, these maps allow veterinarians, physicians, pet owners and travelers to assess the risk of exposure across the United States and Canada.

Click here to read the study.

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Please learn about so called ‘climate change,’ and the fact researchers must repeat this dogma in order to get government grants.  It is a fact that a lie repeated often enough becomes “truth.”

Similarly to erroneous modeling used to predict COVID deaths, researchers have used erroneous modeling to push a climate narrative regarding ticks and disease proliferation.  The media then regurgitates fake data as a stick to beat us all over the head to spread fear for a much larger, nefarious agenda.

Category:

Anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, Lyme, mosquitoes, research, Ticks

Tick-Borne Myopericarditis With Positive Anaplasma, Lyme, and EBV Serology

https://www.cureus.com/articles/163816-tick-borne-myopericarditis-with-positive-anaplasma-lyme-and-epstein-barr-virus-ebv-serology-a-case-report#!/

Tick-Borne Myopericarditis With Positive Anaplasma, Lyme, and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Serology: A Case Report

Hassaan Arshad • Bashar Oudah • Aliaa Mousa • Tigran Kakhktsyan • Mohammad Abu-Abaa • Ashish Agarwal

Published: June 14, 2023

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40440 

Peer-Reviewed

Cite this article as: Arshad H, Oudah B, Mousa A, et al. (June 14, 2023) Tick-Borne Myopericarditis With Positive Anaplasma, Lyme, and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Serology: A Case Report. Cureus 15(6): e40440. doi:10.7759/cureus.4044

Abstract

Myopericarditis has been reported only rarely in those with anaplasmosis and is typically difficult to diagnose. Lyme carditis can also be difficult to diagnose as it is relatively rare but potentially fatal and usually has nonspecific manifestations. We are presenting a 61-year-old male patient who presented in New Jersey, United States with unremitting fever, chills, and myalgia for two weeks along with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Investigations were suggestive of perimyocarditis as was indicated by diffuse ST segment elevation on electrocardiography (EKG) with the presence of small pericardial effusion on echocardiography. A mild troponin leakage was also seen. This progressed to septic shock that required vasopressor therapy. Further history-taking revealed recent tick exposure and prompted empirical initiation of doxycycline. This proved to be successful with fever defervescence and clinical improvement. Serological tests confirmed both acute Lyme and anaplasma infections along with positive serology of Epstein Barr virus (EBV). This case highlights an uncommon presentation of carditis in acute Lyme and anaplasma infections with the associated false-positive serology of EBV. 

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**Comment**

Again, not uncommon, just uncommonly reported.  How many cases must be reported before it is no longer rare?  It is also known in Lymeland that those with concurrent infections have more severe cases requiring longer treatment with many medications.

Yet sadly, the authors state:

“Both anaplasma and Lyme carditis usually have a good prognosis and can resolve spontaneously without intervention.”

Are you for real?

It’s statements like these that continue to undermine any forward progress as it supports an antiquated belief that these are simple nuisance illnesses that will go away on their own. Recent case studies have shown that chronically infected patients were helped with combo treatments given for a longer period of time.

Another glaring problem: not seeing a tick or rash. How many patients have similar presentations but because they don’t recall a tick bite they are misdiagnosed with something else?

For more:

Category:

Anaplasmosis, Lyme, Viruses

Paralyzed by Lyme, They Were Helped With Combo Treatments

https://www.lymedisease.org/remission-from-lyme-paralysis/

Paralyzed by Lyme, they were helped with combo treatments

By Lonnie Marcum

July 19, 2023

A new study from France looks at the use of combination antibiotics and anti-parasitic treatments in patients with limb paralysis as a result of tick-borne infections, including Lyme disease.

Approximately 70% of the patients in this study showed complete remission of symptoms after long-term treatment—a statistic that lines up with the MyLymeData treatment study.

The paper entitled, Complete Remission in Paralytic Late Tick-Borne Neurological Disease Comprising Mixed Involvement of Borrelia, Babesia, Anaplasma, and Bartonella: Use of Long-Term Treatments with Antibiotics and Antiparasitics in a Series of 10 Cases was published in Antibiotics.

The inclusion criteria for this study required a score of 4 or more on the Kurtzke EDSS disability scale; positive blood tests for one or more tick-borne pathogen (including Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia, Anaplasma or Bartonella); and chronic general symptoms including fatigue, pain, and cognitive deficits lasting six or more months.

The Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a tool commonly used to quantify the level of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis. The EDSS grades six bodily functions, including visual, brain, bowel/bladder and sensory functions, as well as the patients’ ability to walk and take care of themselves.

All 10 of the patients that qualified for this study were severely disabled with partial or complete paralysis in at least one limb. Five of the 10 required a wheelchair for mobility, and four required assistive devices like walking sticks to get around.

Complete remission for 7 out of 10

Following extended treatment, seven out of 10 patients (70%) showed complete remission of symptoms. Among the nine patients with positive Borrelia serology (along with co-infections), 77% obtained complete remission.

The treatment administered varied according to the patient’s infection profile. The majority of the patients received repeated oral regimens of azithromycin-doxycycline and azithromycin-doxycycline-rifampin plus a minimum of three 35-day cycles of IV ceftriaxone. The eight patients co-infected with Babesia (a parasite) were also administered anti-parasitic cycles of atovaquone–azithromycin. The mean duration of treatment was 20 months +/- 6 months. (Trouillas 2023)

Historically, patients with late-stage Lyme disease have poor outcomes to single regimens of 10-day IV ceftriaxone. (I’ve previously written about brain inflammation, and small fiber neuropathy found in patients with continuing symptoms after short-term treatment for Lyme disease.)

And we have decades of strong evidence that under-treatment with single antibiotics is consistent with persistent infection in animal studies. (Embers 2012)

Two weeks isn’t enough

As far back as 1990, Dr. Allen Steere co-authored a paper on patients with persistent late-stage neurological Lyme disease.

In this paper Dr. Steere and his co-authors state:

Months to years after the initial infection with B. burgdorferi, patients with Lyme disease may have chronic encephalopathy, polyneuropathy, or less commonly, leukoencephalitis. These chronic neurologic abnormalities usually improve with antibiotic therapy.
…
Six months after a two-week course of intravenous ceftriaxone (2 g daily), 17 patients (63 percent) had improvement, 6 (22 percent) had improvement but then relapsed, and 4 (15 percent) had no change in their condition.
…
Six months after treatment, more than one third of the patients either had relapsed or were no better. In addition, more than half had previously received antibiotic therapy thought to be appropriate for their stage of disease and still had progression of the illness. The likely reason for relapse is failure to eradicate the spirochete completely with a two-week course of intravenous ceftriaxone therapy. (Logigian 1990)

MyLymeData

In fact, the MyLymeData study validates that longer antibiotic treatment durations are associated with moderate to a very great deal of improvement. (Johnson 2020)

MyLymeData is currently the largest observational study of patients using real-world data to analyze the response to treatment of chronic Lyme disease patients. The majority of patients (57%) reported treatment durations of four or more months,

The results of this new French study demonstrate the importance of clinicians being able to continue treatment until a patient’s symptoms have resolved. It is clear, at least in this study, that the presence of co-infections greatly compounds one’s disease progress and treatment options.

LymeSci is written by Lonnie Marcum, a Licensed Physical Therapist and mother of a daughter with Lyme. She served two terms on a subcommittee of the federal Tick-Borne Disease Working Group. Follow her on Twitter: @LonnieRhea  Email her at: lmarcum@lymedisease.org.

References

Embers ME, Barthold SW, Borda JT, Bowers L, Doyle L, Hodzic E, et al. Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in Rhesus Macaques following Antibiotic Treatment of Disseminated Infection. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(1):e29914. Available at: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029914.

 Johnson, L.; Shapiro, M.; Stricker, R.B.; Vendrow, J.; Haddock, J.; Needell, D. Antibiotic Treatment Response in Chronic Lyme Disease: Why Do Some Patients Improve While Others Do Not? Healthcare 2020, 8, 383. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/4/383

Logigian EL, Kaplan RF, Steere AC. Chronic neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 1990 Nov 22;323(21):1438-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199011223232102. PMID: 2172819.

Trouillas P, Franck M. Complete Remission in Paralytic Late Tick-Borne Neurological Disease Comprising Mixed Involvement of Borrelia, Babesia, Anaplasma, and Bartonella: Use of Long-Term Treatments with Antibiotics and Antiparasitics in a Series of 10 Cases. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(6):1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12061021

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For more:

Category:

Anaplasmosis, Babesia, Bartonella, Lyme, research, Treatment

CDC’s New Online Tool Gives Useful, If Slightly Flawed, Information

https://www.lymedisease.org/cdc-tick-bite-data-tracker/

CDC’s new online tool gives useful, if slightly flawed, information

May 16, 2023

By Lonnie Marcum

The CDC has recently updated its website regarding ticks and their diseases.

The changes include a new online tool called the Tick Bite Data Tracker.  It allows users to track and visualize tick-borne disease data in the United States, advancing our ability to raise awareness.

The new tool provides information on diseases transmitted by ticks such as Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and ehrlichiosis.

The CDC webpage also gives information on the most common North American types of ticks and 16 known diseases transmitted by ticks such as babesiosis, Borrelia miyamotoi, Powassan virus, STARI, Colorado tick fever and more.

In addition, the CDC offers an updated page on Alpha-gal syndrome, an allergy to red meat and products derived from mammals. The condition is triggered by the bite of a tick.

National collaboration

The Tick Bite Data Tracker is part of the National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP) which is a collaboration among the CDC, local health agencies, state health departments and private sector partners. The NSSP allows these partners to collect, share and analyze electronic healthcare data in near real-time as it is processed.

Because there is no medical diagnostic ICD code for “tick bite,” the emergency department visits for tick bites are identified by specific words used in the medical record. For example, “tick” or “tick” and “bite.”

The Tick Bite Data Tracker includes interactive maps, graphs and tables that allow users to explore the data in different ways. Users can view data on a national or state level, as well as by county or even zip code in some areas.

One of the most interesting aspects of this new site is the ability to track emergency department visits for tick bites by week and month. This eliminates the strict reporting criteria that adversely affects statistics in lower incidence states like Florida, Texas and California.

What we see on the Tick Bite Data Tracker is simply the number of persons per 100,000 with reported tick bites who sought care in an emergency room. The new data can indicate when tick bites are most common in a region, and unlike other CDC surveillance data, it is updated weekly, rather than annually.

Tick bites peak in Spring

You can clearly see in the graph below how tick bites peak in the spring in almost all regions of the United States.

Unfortunately, the CDC lumps every state west of Nebraska as the “West.” Therefore, areas with higher incidence of tick bites, like California, are averaged with areas of lower incidence like Wyoming—giving an inaccurate picture.

In my opinion, at the very least, the CDC should have divided this huge region into the southwest and northwest to offer better representation of what is happening in those zones—but that’s another topic.

The site also points out several limitations of the tracker tool: “Results might not be generalizable to emergency departments that are not contributing data to the BioSense Platform. The keywords used to identify tick bite visits may under- or overestimate emergency department visits related to tick bites because of differences in coding, reporting, and availability of chief complaint text data between jurisdictions or over time. Finally, aggregated data by region might be less useful than state or local data.”

So essentially, you have to take this data for what it is: a slightly flawed tool that gives us a glimpse into what is happening in the tick-borne disease world.

Lyme Awareness Month is an opportunity to educate the public about the risks of Lyme disease and promote strategies for prevention and early detection. I hope you’ll use the Tick Bite Data Tracker, as well as additional information spread throughout the pages of our website to spread awareness.

LymeSci is written by Lonnie Marcum, a Licensed Physical Therapist and mother of a daughter with Lyme. She served two terms on a subcommittee of the federal Tick-Borne Disease Working Group. Follow her on Twitter: @LonnieRhea  Email her at: lmarcum@lymedisease.org.

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**Comment**

A flawed tool that will  continued to be used against patients like the Iron Curtain.

For more:

Category:

Activism, Alpha Gal Meat Allergy, Anaplasmosis, Babesia, Borrelia Miyamotoi (Relapsing Fever Group), Ehrlichiosis, Lyme, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Ticks, Viruses