Archive for the ‘Testing’ Category

Tick-Borne Pathogens Detected in Blood of Immunosuppressed Norwegian Patients Living in a Tick-Endemic Area

https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa971/5871078?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Tick-Borne Pathogens Detected in the Blood of Immunosuppressed Norwegian Patients Living in a Tick-Endemic Area

Hanne Quarsten, Tore Salte, Åslaug R Lorentzen, Inger J W Hansen, Runar Hamre, Kristine J N Forselv, Øivind Øines, Christine Wennerås, Sølvi Noraas
Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciaa971, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa971
Published:  14 July 2020
Excerpt:

The predominant pathogen was:

  • Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis (12/14), which was carried in the blood of infected patients for 10-59 days until treatment with doxycycline.
  • Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
  • Rickettsia spp. were detected in one patient each. The B. burgdorferi-infected patient presented with fever, whereas the remaining patients were judged to have subclinical infections.
  • Borrelia miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia spp. were not detected in any patient.

(See link for article)

____________________

**Comment**

Considering testing is abysmal, and the PCR was never intended to diagnose patients, chances are great that more patients had tick-borne illness than what is recorded in this study:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/05/07/was-the-covid-19-test-meant-to-detect-a-virus/

Key quote:

I’m skeptical that a PRC test is ever true.

Notice the observation of “subclinical” infections.  I would add that many cases are subclinical as well as atypical, meaning they don’t fit the textbook description.  To date nobody has really discovered what being coinfected does to the human body in terms of symptom manifestation. Some studies have found that coinfected cases are more severe:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/09/05/babesia-subverts-adaptive-immunity-and-enhances-lyme-disease-severity/

From experience I can state that many of the coinfections I had didn’t surface until I’d been in Lyme treatment for a while.  Then, other non-Lyme symptoms reared their ugly heads and finally abated with appropriate treatment.  This isn’t even considered by mainstream medicine which continues to view this as a one-pathogen, one-drug issue which it clearly is not for many patients:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/10/30/study-shows-lyme-msids-patients-infected-with-many-pathogens-and-explains-why-we-are-so-sick/

Another issue with this study is once again it assumes 10-60 days of treatment is sufficient.  Big assumption that’s been killing people or making their lives miserable.  Thromboembolic complications is hardly the only thing these poor people could have.  The list of possible complications is virtually endless.

 

 

 

 

 

Category:

research, Testing, Ticks

Huge COVID Case-Counting Deception at the CDC

https://principia-scientific.org/huge-covid-case-counting-deception-at-the-cdc/

Huge COVID Case-Counting Deception At The CDC

Published on

Written by Jon Rappoport

For this piece, we have to enter the official world (of the insane)—where everyone is quite sure a new coronavirus was discovered in China and the worthless diagnostic tests mean something and the case numbers are real and meaningful.

Once we execute all those absurd maneuvers, we land square in the middle of yet another scandal—this time at our favorite US agency for scandals, the CDC.

The Atlantic, May 21, has the story, headlined, “How could the CDC make that mistake?”

I’ll give you the key quotes, and then comment on the stark inference The Atlantic somehow failed to grasp.

“We’ve learned that the CDC is making, at best, a debilitating mistake: combining test results that diagnose current coronavirus infections with test results that measure whether someone has ever had the virus…The agency confirmed to The Atlantic on Wednesday that it is mixing the results of viral [PCR] and antibody tests, even though the two tests reveal different information and are used for different reasons.”

(See link for article)

__________________

**Comment**

Most telling quote:  

CDC? Mistake? The agency is certainly incompetent. But that’s just the beginning of the story. The only time they say there is no danger is when they’re lying about the effects of vaccines.

Boom.

Anyone who reads the information on this website understands clearly, I’m not a fan of the CDC.  The reason is they lie.  They flat-out lie, deceive, and have severe conflicts of interest.  In fact, I’ll go as far to say that when they say something, the truth is typically the polar opposite.

This merry band of outlaws has been called out a lot and they are commonly behind faulty testing:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/03/27/cdcs-deadly-testing-fiasco-centralization-of-public-health-authority-a-threat-to-national-security/

This article reveals how they’ve mishandled Lyme for over 40 years and are now mishandling COVID:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/04/26/cdc-playbook-learning-from-lyme/

Many can not grasp this important issue, but Lyme patients “get it” because they’ve lived through it:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/03/01/study-cdcs-2-tier-lyme-testing-inaccurate-in-more-than-70-of-cases/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/01/16/2-tier-lyme-testing-missed-85-7-of-patients-milford-hospital/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/06/28/who-owns-the-elisa-patents/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/04/03/cdc-centers-for-damaged-credibility/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/06/02/successful-covid-19-critical-care-stonewalled-by-cdc/

Category:

Activism, Testing, Viruses

5 Questions to Discuss With Your Physician When Bartonellosis is Suspected

https://www.galaxydx.com/how-to-discuss-bartonellosis-with-a-doctor/

written on 

5 Questions to Discuss with Your Physician When Bartonellosis Is Suspected

Laboratory tests are important tools that physicians use to diagnose patients. When it comes to stealth pathogens, however, testing is often only a piece of the puzzle. Physicians must understand the pathogens and the symptoms they may cause as well as assess the likelihood that the patient is infected to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.   

Bartonellosis is the umbrella term used to describe diseases caused by Bartonella species infection in people. Current medical literature focuses mostly on acute infections of the following species:

  • B. henselae (cat scratch disease of cat scratch fever)
  • B. quintana (trench fever)
  • B. bacilliformis (Carrion’s disease)

“Atypical” bartonellosis in the form of acute and chronic infections has been explored in emerging research and case reports, but not to the extent needed to fully understand the pathogenesis of Bartonella species infection and the susceptibility of certain patient populations to chronic bartonellosis. Because of this, many physicians may not have bartonellosis on their radar when seeing a patient who has complex, non-specific symptoms that are seemingly unexplainable.

Start with these 5 questions/topics to have a productive conversation about bartonellosis with your physician(s):

1. Do you live and/or work with dogs, cats, or other animals?

Research indicates that sharing an environment with animals can lead to a higher risk of bartonellosis for people and their families. This may be because animals are brought into the home as companions or because vermin cannot be kept out of the living area, including when an individual is underhoused or unhoused. There are about 40 named Bartonella species, 17 of which are implicated in human illnesses, meaning that exposure to at least one could occur depending on your and your family’s lifestyle.

Bartonella species are adapted to living in small mammals, where they may or may not cause clinical symptoms, like Bartonella washoensis in squirrels, B. henselae in cats or B. vinsonii berkhoffii in dogs. However, zoonotic species, like B. henselae, are considered opportunistic pathogens and can lead to disease in humans if the conditions are right. Transmission to humans is much more likely when flea or other arthropod infestations occur, but there are reported cases of patients becoming directly infected from animals. For example, a woman in Ohio became blind in one eye from B. henselaeinfection after her cat licked her eyeball.

Veterinarians and other animal health workers who are prone to animal-related injuries seem to be at the highest risk for bartonellosis. A study from 2014 showed that 28% of symptomatic veterinarians had at least one Bartonella species in their bloodstream. There are also numerous case reports of veterinarians with chronic symptoms due to bartonellosis. One example of this is a veterinarian who developed severe symptoms and was found to have B. henselae in her hip joint despite receiving treatment for cat scratch disease years prior.

2. Have you had any animal-related injuries or known exposure to Bartonella vectors?

Bartonella species are typically found in the bloodstream of mammalian reservoir hosts and are transmitted by arthropod vectors such as fleas, lice, and biting flies. The bacteria may gain entry to humans directly by a vector, such as sandflies and B. bacilliformis, or with help from the reservoir host.

Trench fever (B. quintana infection), often referred to as urban fever, is transmitted by human body lice. It is historically known for causing fever and shin bone pain in WWI soldiers, but nowadays may be found among homeless populations.

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is the most common Bartonella species infection resulting from animal injury that is reported globally. A recent study from the CDC estimates that 80-95% of reported CSD cases follow the typical presentation of the disease (fever, swollen lymph nodes near site of inoculation), but the remainder manifest as atypical with more severe symptoms. Infection commonly occurs when flea dirt (feces) containing viable B. henselae is trapped under the cat’s claws and forced into an open wound following a scratch.

Case reports of infection following animal bites indicates that saliva may also be a route of transmission for these bacteria.

3. Are you immunocompromised or do you have a naturally weaker immune system?

Bartonella species were essentially re-discovered as a human pathogen in the 1990s during research on HIV/AIDS patients experiencing moderate to severe symptoms that were not typical. Researchers found that B. henselae and B. quintana were the culprits of serious health conditions including bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary pelosis. These findings showed that bartonellosis was not always a self-limiting infection as had previously been thought and that individuals with compromised immune systems were at a higher risk of developing severe disease.

Since the 1990s, research has proven this to be true in a variety of cases, such as organ transplant recipients and patients receiving cancer treatment. These conditions result in a weaker immune system that makes clearing infections difficult.

Individuals with developing or naturally weaker immune systems, like children or older adults, may be more likely to develop atypical symptoms. In a recent study, the CDC estimated that children younger than 14 accounted for 36% of atypical cases, with ocular conditions such as neuroretinitis accounting for about 60% of bartonellosis-related hospitalizations between 2005 and 2014.

4. Have you traveled recently?

The risk of tick and flea exposure varies in different areas of large countries like the United States and in the world in general. In addition, transportation depots may facilitate exposure to vermin as well as to other people’s companion animals or stray animals.

Certain species of Bartonella may be endemic to certain regions, such as Bartonella bacilliformis in South America.

Your physician may not be familiar with tick and flea exposure risks from other regions. If you are aware of published research or case reports, bring them with you.

5. Why do you think bartonellosis could be causing your symptoms?

If you have read research or case reports linking your symptoms to bartonellosis, bring them with you. Many of these cases are new, and physicians may not be aware of unusual presentations of bartonellosis.

Conclusion

Prepare for a conversation with your physician about bartonellosis by being prepared to talk about your risk factors for having encountered Bartonella  species in your environment. Bring any materials you may have that link your specific symptoms to bartonellosis, and be prepared to listen to your physician discuss other possible causes of your symptoms. Diagnosing bartonellosis is a clinical process of evaluating signs and symptoms against their possible causes. An accurate diagnosis, whatever it is, is the first step in managing or treating your condition.

 

References

Nawrocki, C. C. et al. (2020). Atypical manifestations of cat-scratch disease, United States, 2005-2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(7). doi:10.3201/eid2607.200034 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0034_article?deliveryName=USCDC_331-DM31124

Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2014). Bartonellosis: One health perspectives for an emerging infectious disease. ILAR Journal, 55(1), 46-58. doi:10.1093/ilar/ilu015 https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/article/55/1/46/846503

Cheslock, M. A., & Embers, M. E. (2019). Human Bartonellosis: An underappreciated public health problem? Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 4(2), 69. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed4020069 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630881/

Lantos, P. M. et al. (2014). Detection of Bartonella species in the blood of veterinarians and veterinary technicians: A newly recognized occupational hazard? Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 14(8), 563-570. doi:10.1089/vbz.2013.1512 https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/vbz.2013.1512

Ericson, M. et al. (2016). Culture, PCR, DNA sequencing, and second harmonic generation (SHG) visualization of Bartonella henselae from a surgically excised human femoral head. Clinical Rheumatology, 36(7), 1669-1675. doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3524-2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28028681/

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For more:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/category/bartonella-treatment/

Category:

Bartonella, Testing

Bartonella Rochalimae and Canine Heart Infections

https://news.ncsu.edu/2020/07/bartonella-rochalimae/

Bartonella rochalimae and Canine Heart Infections

July 7, 2020
Cute Dog
Image by Chen Vision, licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0

In a recently published paper, NC State researchers looked at 18 dogs infected with a strain of the bacteria Bartonella called Bartonella rochalimae. They documented the health effects of the bacteria, which included infectious endocarditis – an inflammation of the heart’s inner lining and valves – as well as more general chronic illness. The work is further evidence of the connection between B. rochalimae and both endocarditis and chronic health effects in dogs and may have implications for human health. Lead author Ed Breitschwerdt, Melanie S. Steele Distinguished Professor of Internal Medicine and Bartonella expert, sat down with The Abstract to answer some questions about the new findings.

The Abstract (TA): It looks as though the dogs in the study show evidence that this particular strain is associated not just with infectious endocarditis (IE), but also with the persistent health problems we see with infections from more common Bartonella (B. henselae, etc) species?

Breitschwerdt: That is correct. The association with endocarditis was very recent as well. So this manuscript provides further support for this species as a pathogen in dogs and humans.

Bartonella is now a well-recognized cause of what was historically culture-negative endocarditis; that is, patients (dogs and humans) with echocardiographic evidence of endocarditis and no bacterial growth using conventional blood cultures.

TA: How many strains of Bartonella have been identified to date? How is B. rochalimae different from other strains of Bartonella? Do different types of fleas or insect vectors carry particular strains, is it geography-based, or is it just luck of the draw?

Breitschwerdt: We are currently at around 40 named Bartonella species or subspecies, 10 of which have caused IE in a dog or human. Unfortunately, we have very little information in veterinary or human medicine regarding potential differences in how we should be most effectively diagnosing and treating specific Bartonella species or subspecies. Thus, most diagnostic and treatment considerations are based upon experiences with the most common Bartonella species (Bartonella henselae) that infect dogs and humans.

The genus Bartonella is unique among vector borne pathogens in the context of the wide spectrum of arthropod vectors that are known or suspected to transmit these bacteria. Yes, there are definitive geographical localizations, such as Bartonella bacilliformis, transmitted by a specific sandfly species in the mountainous Andes in Peru and Ecuador.

Alternatively, Bartonella henselae is transmitted to cats by a specific flea species throughout much of the world. Rodents and small mammals are frequently infected with specific Bartonella species in specific geographic locations by an evolutionarily adapted flea species that tends to selectively infest specific hosts or a narrow host range.

Most recently bats, infected by bat flies, have become another important reservoir for newly discovered Bartonella species. Importantly, a bat-associated Bartonella species (Candidatus Bartonella mayotenensis) was first identified as a cause of culture-negative endocarditis in a patient at the Mayo Clinic by amplification and sequencing of the bacterial DNA from the patient’s heart valve. It was several years later when bats were found to be reservoirs for this new species.

TA: Are there strains of Bartonella that aren’t associated with what we think of when we think of bartonellosis: the mimicking of chronic diseases like multiple sclerosis, migraines, seizures, etc?

Breitschwerdt: The diagnosis of infection with a Bartonella species remains challenging despite improvements in microbiological isolation and DNA detection methodologies. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set used in our laboratory to detect other Bartonella species with a high degree of sensitivity did not find B. rochalimae DNA. This is only one of many examples of the need for more comprehensive (sensitive and specific) diagnostic tests that will clarify the role of Bartonella species in patients with migraines and seizures. We continue to work on improvements in diagnostic testing modalities, while attempting to clarify the role of Bartonella species in a spectrum of chronic diseases.

TA: Does this particular strain really “like” the aortic valve, or is that true of Bartonella generally?

Breitschwerdt: In both dogs and humans, approximately 75% of Bartonella IE cases involve the aortic valve. The remaining 20-25% involve the mitral valve or both the mitral and aortic valves. Thus it is clear that all Bartonella species to date have a predilection to localize to the aortic valve.

TA: How prevalent is IE in dogs? Is it always fatal?

Breitschwerdt: IE is a relatively uncommon disease. Depending upon the study, Bartonella can be the cause of over 1/3 of IE cases in dogs, which is remarkable as we did not know this genus infected dogs until 1993, when the first case of IE bartonellosis was documented at NC State’s College of Veterinary Medicine. That is the first case of bartonellosis in a dog worldwide.

TA: Is this something that veterinarians should be taking into consideration when treating dogs with infectious endocarditis? Would it change the treatment regimen in terms of type or dosage of antibiotics?

Breitschwerdt: Yes, there are special antibiotic selection considerations when Bartonella is the suspected or confirmed cause of endocarditis. Not a good infection to have or an easy infection to treat.

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**Comment**

Again, we owe Dr. Breitschwerdt a world of gratitude for his work with Bartonella.  He has single-handedly studied and brought forth research on this elusive organism that can make life miserable.

For more:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/category/bartonella-treatment/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/05/05/good-news-for-bartonella-patients-identification-of-fda-approved-drugs-with-higher-activity-than-current-front-line-drugs/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/05/11/bartonella-henselae-in-children-with-congenital-heart-disease/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/02/26/zoonotic-diseases-why-we-are-so-interested-in-bats-bartonella-mycoplasma-coronavirus/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/06/04/how-vector-borne-diseases-impact-heart-health/

https://www.envita.com/lyme-disease/bartonella-a-chronic-lyme-disease-coinfection-is-more-causing-chronic-fatigue-problems

Category:

Bartonella, research, Testing, Transmission

Can Lyme Be Sexually Transmitted or Passed on to a Fetus?

https://rawlsmd.com/health-articles/can-lyme-be-sexually-transmitted?

Can Lyme Be Sexually Transmitted or Passed on to a Fetus?

by. Dr. Bill Rawls
Updated 7/27/18

The official word from experts is that Borrelia burgdorferi, the microbe commonly associated with Lyme disease, cannot be spread sexually. However, whole families (including small children) testing positive for the microbe would suggest otherwise.

Experts base their assumptions on the fact that Borrelia burgdorferi concentrations in semen in people known to have Lyme disease are typically quite low. In addition, trans-utero spread (across the placenta during pregnancy) has not been scientifically documented.

This is in line with traits of the microbe. Host-dependent microbes can spread from host to host through a variety of different pathways, but they typically specialize in primarily one pathway. Borrelia’s preferred pathway of spread is by way of biting insects, most commonly ticks. It has honed this pathway over millions of years.

Other corkscrew-like bacteria, however, do specialize in sexual and congenital transmission. The most well known is Treponema pallidum, the microbe that causes syphilis. It’s interesting that Lyme disease and syphilis share many common symptoms and the two microbes are actually similar in many ways — except that Treponema has been honing the sexual transmission pathway for about as long as Borrelia has been taking advantage of ticks.

The fact that the two microbes are so similar might suggest that Borrelia could transmit sexually or congenitally. Borrelia is a master opportunist; if an easy opportunity arose to spread sexually or cross through the placenta into a new host, it probably would. Using its corkscrew shape, it can bore through any tissues in the body and show up almost anywhere.

The bottom line is that sexual and congenital propagation of Borrelia is possible, but much less likely than other microbes that typically spread by sexual transmission. If it were to occur, it would probably be from an infected male passing Lyme disease to a female via semen. Passing the microbe from infected female to male partner is much less likely. An infected female who became pregnant, however, could also pass the bacterium along to the fetus through the placenta.

To reduce the possibility of transmission, men suspected of having Lyme disease should use condoms during intercourse. If pregnancy is desired, antibiotics or antimicrobial herbs should be administered to reduce concentrations of the microbes before unprotected intercourse. Ideally, attempts for pregnancy should be deferred until Lyme disease symptoms have subsided.

For a pregnancy complicated by Lyme disease, the mother should undergo antibiotic treatment, especially for acute Lyme disease — but always under a doctor’s supervision. Tetracyclines, including doxycycline, should be avoided during pregnancy. Herbal therapy can be a good option if antibiotics are not tolerated.

 

REFERENCES:
1. Stricker RB, Middelveen MJ. Sexual transmission of Lyme disease: challenging the tickborne disease paradigm. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015;13(11):1303-6.
2. Hercogova J, Vanousova D. Syphilis and borreliosis during pregnancy. Dermatol Ther. 2008 May-Jun;21(3):205-9.
3. Williams C et al. Maternal Lyme disease and congenital malformations: a cord blood serosurvey in endemic and control areas. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1995 Jul;9(3):320-30.
4. Strobino B et al. Lyme disease and pregnancy outcome: a prospective study of two thousand prenatal patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Aug;169(2 Pt 1):367-74.
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**Comment**
I find it highly interesting that even though mother and baby can test positive for Lyme disease, the CDC still states congenital transmission rarely occurs, even though nobody’s counting cases:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/02/19/how-can-mother-to-fetus-transmission-of-lyme-disease-be-rare-when-no-one-is-counting/
In a nutshell, researchers collected specimens and then tested them.  They point out that initial tests did not find the virus but further sampling of the placenta showed virus-positive results.
There’s a few important points:
  1. If researchers tested Lyme patients multiple times in many different places within the body like they did for these babies who supposedly have COVID, they would find Lyme too.  This just doesn’t happen.  This is a perfect example of research bias.
  2. Testing for COVID is abysmal and shouldn’t be trusted on its own:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/05/07/was-the-covid-19-test-meant-to-detect-a-virus/
  3. People are equating a positive COVID test result with illness, yet many are testing positive and have ZERO symptoms which means they aren’t sick.  They just show antibodies. This can happen with Lyme too.  My dog tested positive for Lyme and had ZERO symptoms. My vet told me he would forever test positive for Lyme. Meanwhile my husband and I both test negative on the arbitrary and unscientific 2-tiered CDC testing but positive on a more sensitive antibody test by IGeneX.  This issue of flawed testing is a real fly in the ointment:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/03/01/study-cdcs-2-tier-lyme-testing-inaccurate-in-more-than-70-of-cases/, https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/09/12/lyme-testing-problems-solutions/
  4. The babies testing positive for COVID are fine, yet one continued to test positive.  I wrote about this before when a friend kept testing positive despite being completely healthy.  This person was detained in the hospital for weeks on end entirely due to a continuing positive test, but he had ZERO symptoms.  This should be a wake-up call.
  5. The best article on this is here:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/07/10/coronavirus-why-everyone-was-wrong/  This expert immunologist explains that it’s highly likely most people testing positive for COVID is purely due to viral debris (which is NOT infectious).

As to sexual transmission of Lyme, a recent study by Scott had some interesting findings: https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/06/12/formidable-evidence-for-sexual-transmission-of-lyme-disease-first-study-to-document-aca-rashes-in-canadian-patients/

Excerpt:

  • Case 4 provides confirmation for an ACA rash and gestational Lyme disease (club feet at birth).  Both parents tested positive for Bbsl.

Not only did the parents have definitive proof of chronic Lyme, THEY HAD SYMPTOMS – unlike these COVID positive babies, and many others testing positively without ANY symptoms whatsoever (which simply means they are NOT sick).  

I’m not sure what has happened in the world of science but it is riddled with this sort of nonsense.  The two diseases couldn’t be handled more differently.  I guarantee you that if researchers kept poking, prodding, and retesting chronic Lyme patients, they too would eventually find Bb, but this just doesn’t happen.  Frankly, with Lyme, they aren’t looking hard or long enough.

It’s quite clear to me that researchers are rewarded for positive COVID findings while they are demoted for positive Lyme findings.
Lyme just isn’t sexy.  
Lyme/MSIDS has become the ugly wall-flower in the corner of the room – which BTW is truly a world-wide pandemic that isn’t going away.

BTW: I’m nearly 99.9% certain I got Lyme sexually from my husband.  To read about my story as well as other research on it:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/02/24/pcos-lyme-my-story/  All my initial symptoms were gynecological but I didn’t know then what I know now….

Category:

Lyme, Testing, Ticks, Transmission