Archive for the ‘research’ Category

Tick-Borne Spirochetes in Tick & Small Mammals – CA

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31943036

2020 Jan 15. pii: tjz253. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz253. [Epub ahead of print]

Circulation of Tick-Borne Spirochetes in Tick and Small Mammal Communities in Santa Barbara County, California, USA.

MacDonald AJ1, Weinstein SB2, O’Connor KE3, Swei A3.

Abstract

A diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner) (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) genomospecies, including the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), have been identified in the western United States. However, enzootic transmission of B. burgdorferi s.l. in small mammals and ticks is poorly characterized throughout much of the region. Here we report prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in small mammal and tick communities in the understudied region of southern California.

We found B. burgdorferi s.l. in 1.5% of Ixodes species ticks and 3.6% of small mammals. Infection was uncommon (~0.3%) in Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls (Acari: Ixodidae), the primary vector of the Lyme disease agent to humans in western North America, but a diversity of spirochetes-including Borrelia bissettiae, Borrelia californiensis, Borrelia americana, and B. burgdorferi s.s.-were identified circulating in Ixodes species ticks and their small mammal hosts.

Infection with B. burgdorferi s.l. is more common in coastal habitats, where a greater diversity of Ixodes species ticks are found feeding on small mammal hosts (four species when compared with only I. pacificus in other sampled habitats). This provides some preliminary evidence that in southern California, wetter coastal areas might be more favorable for enzootic transmission than hotter and drier climates. Infection patterns confirm that human transmission risk of B. burgdorferi s.s. is low in this region.

However, given evidence for local maintenance of B. burgdorferi s.l., more studies of enzootic transmission may be warranted, particularly in understudied regions where the tick vector of B. burgdorferi s.s. occurs.

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**Comment**

Remember – they find ticks on beaches – it doesn’t get much hotter and drier than there.  I know dogs are picking up ticks in the sand dunes of Padre Island, TX – another inferno.  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/07/ticks-on-beaches/

Excerpt:

Rosenkranz explained, “Think about it, right now there’s a lot of seagulls and other birds flying and they can carry ticks. People who are walking their dogs they are still allowed to do that they can get a tick that falls off of a dog, it’s pretty common in that sense.”

When it comes to Assateague, ticks can actually fall off the ponies and latch on to you.

Kelly Taylor, an Assistant Public Information Officer at Assateague National Seashore said, “You know you come out, ticks can be on horses so you want to keep your distance from the horses. We always recommend school bus length is the safe length for you, the safe length for the horses.”

And remember, just because ticks are found anywhere in low numbers doesn’t mean they aren’t there and can’t infect you or your pets.

Category:

Lyme, research, Ticks

Reevaluating the Microbial Infection Link to Alzheimer’s Disease

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31796672/

2020;73(1):59-62. doi: 10.3233/JAD-190765.

Reevaluating the Microbial Infection Link to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Schnaider L1, Arnon ZA1, Gazit E1,2,3.

Abstract

 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Despite substantial investment in research, there are no current effective treatments to prevent or delay the onset and development of AD and the exact molecular mechanism of AD pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Researchers have long suspected that microbial infections may play a role in AD; however, this hypothesis has been greatly overlooked for decades, only recently gaining a traction and recognition within the broad scientific community due to new overwhelming evidence on the association of various pathogenic microbes and AD.

Here, we provide our perspective on the significance of these findings, which shed light on the interplay between molecular self-assembly, neurodegeneration, and antimicrobial peptides, as well as propose an amendment to the amyloid cascade hypothesis. It is important to note that this association does not yet prove a causal link, but these reports warrant a thorough investigation into the microbial infection-AD hypothesis which might in turn deliver the elusive therapeutic target the scientific community has been so desperately searching for.

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**Comment**

Perfect example of what happens when the scientific community puts blinders on – they miss things. When science becomes little more than a “good old boy club,” everyone else suffers.  Nowhere is this more evident than in Lyme/MSIDS disease research.

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/01/13/lyme-science-owned-by-good-ol-boys/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/06/28/who-owns-the-elisa-patents/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/07/16/another-propaganda-paper-by-auwaerter-more-conflicts-of-interest/ Of note, Auwaerter is on the scientific advisory committee of Diasorin, a company that makes diagnostic tests for Lyme as well as EBV  https://www.diasorin.com/en/node/8937.

This is important as many Lyme/MSIDS patients have both diseases and is a conflict of interest.  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/04/11/diagnosed-with-ebv-had-lyme/

In 1970 DiaSorin began the development of Infectious Disease products designed for use with ELISA technology. Since 2001 it has launched a broad array of new CLIA products, with unique infectious disease assays for use on the LIAISON® systems.

All DiaSorin Infectious Disease products are registered in compliance with the European CE mark rules with commercially available assays in the US having FDA clearance.

Category:

Alzheimer's, research

Why the Medical Community’s Perspective on Lyme Disease is Different From a Pathologist’s Perspective

Just a year ago I posted a short letter by microbiologist Tom Grier to governors and congressmen in Lyme endemic regions.  You can read it here:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/08/25/open-letter-to-governors-congressmen-in-lyme-endemic-areas/  Today I post his lengthier letter explaining the state of affairs in simple lay-man’s terms that can be understood by all.  This is a wonderful resource for you to save and refer to when explaining the science behind this horribly mishandled 21st century plague.

LTR to Congress (Letter here)

Executive summary:

  1. Lyme disease is a collection of many species of bacteria, not just borrelia burgdorferi (Bb).
  2. Current testing uses only this one strain (B-31) therefore missing many cases. B-31 is not found in nature and is a created lab strain designed for cost, convenience, & consistency.
  3. Researchers are discovering approximately one new species a year to the existing 17 pathogenic borrelia species.
  4. There are numerous reasons patients are not testing positive on antibody testing such as: low infection load, different borrelia species, immune system ineffectiveness, borrelia quickly moves out of the blood stream and into  human cells.
  5. It can take less than a day for Lyme to get into the brain.
  6. Mouse models show spirochetes entering tissues within minutes.
  7. Some species of Borrelia settle in the brain where it is safe behind the blood brain barrier which prevents drugs from entering.
  8. Borrelia forms protective biofilms also impeding antimicrobials from working.
  9. Brain-autopsies on dementia patients almost always show Borrelia in amyloid plagues.  
  10. Borrelia infections can survive in a dormant state for decades.
  11. Regarding testing, each lab has a different cut off point for dilution.
  12. Independent researchers have found there are more false negatives than false positives.
  13. There are rife conflicts of interests within the CDC regarding Lyme testing as they own the patents.
  14. Borrelia Miyamotoi (Bm) can be transmitted in 20 minutes and autopies show it loves the human brain, and is associated with Alzheimer’s Dementia.
  15. Although Bm is similar to Bb, testing won’t pick it up.
  16. The CDC ignores the shortcomings of testing, the newer species of Borrelia, as well as Lyme-like diseases typically found in the South, and continues to use a one-size-fits-all approach.

I will add to this list the fact that the CDC besides only looking at one strain of borrelia, refuses to acknowledge coinfection involvement of other pathogens which research has shown to complicate cases making them more severe and of longer duration:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/09/05/babesia-subverts-adaptive-immunity-and-enhances-lyme-disease-severity/

Nearly every patient I work with is coinfected with numerous pathogens yet the CDC/NIH/IDSA refuse to acknowledge this.  Researchers also are finding that ticks are also coinfected:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/05/18/powassan-and-bb-infection-in-wisconsin-and-u-s-tick-populations/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/07/28/coinfection-of-many-types-of-borrelia-rickettsia-babesia-bartonella-anaplasma-in-french-castor-bean-ticks/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/04/26/three-strains-of-borrelia-other-pathogens-found-in-salivary-glands-of-ixodes-ticks-suggesting-quicker-transmission-time/ Another false notion is that ticks have a “grace period” in which they don’t seemingly transmit infections to humans.  This is asinine.  Ticks often feed partially and then drop off.  The pathogens are right in the salivary glands ready to be transmitted to the next unlucky host.

We’ve been sold a bill of lies and the mythology continues unabated.

Category:

Activism, Alzheimer's, Lyme, research, Testing

Tick Paralysis in a Free-ranging Bobcat

https://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.256.3.362?journalCode=javma

Abstract
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
February 1, 2020, Vol. 256, No. 3, Pages 362-364
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.256.3.362

Tick paralysis in a free-ranging bobcat (Lynx rufus)

Meredith E. Persky DVM1; Yousuf S. Jafarey DVM1; Sarah E. Christoff​‌1; Dewey D. Maddox​‌1; Stephanie A. Stowell​‌2 and Terry M. Norton DVM23
1Department of Animal Health, Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, 370 Zoo Pkwy, Jacksonville, FL 32218. (); 2Georgia Sea Turtle Center, 214 Stable Rd, Jekyll Island, GA 31527. (); 3Jekyll Island Authority, 100 James Rd, Jekyll Island, GA 31527. ()
Address correspondence to Dr. Persky ().

 

CASE DESCRIPTION

A free-ranging male bobcat (Lynx rufus) was evaluated because of signs of pelvic limb paralysis.

 

CLINICAL FINDINGS

Physical examination of the anesthetized animal revealed tick infestation, normal mentation, and a lack of evidence of traumatic injuries. Radiography revealed no clinically relevant abnormalities. Hematologic analysis results were generally unremarkable, and serologic tests for exposure to feline coronavirus, FeLV, FIV, and Toxoplasma gondii were negative. Results of PCR assays for flea- and common tick-borne organisms other than Bartonella clarridgeiae were negative.

 

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

Ticks were manually removed, and the patient received supportive care and fipronil treatment. The bobcat made a full recovery within 72 hours after treatment for ticks, and a presumptive diagnosis of tick paralysis was made. Identified tick species included Dermacenter variabilis, Amblyomma americanum, and Ixodes scapularis.

 

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

To the authors’ knowledge, tick paralysis has not previously been reported in felids outside Australia. This disease should be considered a differential diagnosis in felids, including exotic cats, with signs of neuromuscular disease of unknown etiopathogenesis.

 

 

 

Category:

Bartonella, research, Ticks

Molecular Prevalence of Bartonella, Babesia, and Hemotropic Mycoplasma Species in Dogs With Hemangiosarcoma from Across the United States

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31923195/

2020 Jan 10;15(1):e0227234. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227234. eCollection 2020.

Molecular prevalence of Bartonella, Babesia, and hemotropic Mycoplasma species in dogs with hemangiosarcoma from across the United States.

Lashnits E1, Neupane P1, Bradley JM1, Richardson T1, Thomas R2, Linder KE3, Breen M2, Maggi RG1,4, Breitschwerdt EB1,4.

Abstract

Hemangiosarcoma (HSA), a locally invasive and highly metastatic endothelial cell neoplasm, accounts for two-thirds of all cardiac and splenic neoplasms in dogs. Bartonella spp. infection has been reported in association with neoplastic and non-neoplastic vasoproliferative lesions in animals and humans. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Bartonella spp. in conjunction with two other hemotropic pathogens, Babesia spp. and hemotropic Mycoplasma spp., in tissues and blood samples from 110 dogs with histopathologically diagnosed HSA from throughout the United States. This was a retrospective, observational study using clinical specimens from 110 dogs with HSA banked by the biospecimen repository of the Canine Comparative Oncology and Genomics Consortium. Samples provided for this study from each dog included: fresh frozen HSA tumor tissue (available from n = 100 of the 110 dogs), fresh frozen non-tumor tissue (n = 104), and whole blood and serum samples (n = 108 and 107 respectively). Blood and tissues were tested by qPCR for Bartonella, hemotropic Mycoplasma, and Babesia spp. DNA; serum was tested for Bartonella spp. antibodies.

  • Bartonella spp. DNA was amplified and sequenced from 73% of dogs with HSA (80/110)
  • hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. DNA was amplified from a significantly smaller proportion (5%, p<0.0001)
  • Babesia spp. DNA was not amplified from any dog

Of the 100 HSA tumor samples submitted,

  • 34% were Bartonella PCR positive (32% of splenic tumors, 57% of cardiac tumors, and 17% of other tumor locations)
  • Of 104 non-tumor tissues, 63% were Bartonella PCR positive (56% of spleen samples, 93% of cardiac samples, and 63% of skin/subcutaneous samples).
  • Of dogs with Bartonella positive HSA tumor, 76% were also positive in non-tumor tissue.
  • Bartonella spp. DNA was not PCR amplified from whole blood.

This study documented a high prevalence of Bartonella spp. DNA in dogs with HSA from geographically diverse regions of the United States. While 73% of all tissue samples from these dogs were PCR positive for Bartonella DNA, none of the blood samples were, indicating that

whole blood samples do not reflect tissue presence of this pathogen.

Future studies are needed to further investigate the role of Bartonella spp. in the development of HSA.

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**Comment**

And here, we see exactly what patience experience in reality: negative blood tests but positive tissue samples.  Dr. Ericson has found Bartonella in tissues directly by where a PICC line was removed:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/02/27/advanced-imaging-found-bartonella-around-pic-line/

This is true not only for Bartonella but for Lyme as well as all of the coinfections.  Doctors that rely only on testing are missing patients right and left.

Please spread the word.

 

Category:

Babesia, Bartonella, Mycoplasma, research, Testing