Archive for the ‘research’ Category

Lyme Meningitis Leading to Low Sodium, Shoulder & Back Pain

https://danielcameronmd.com/lyme-meningitis-hyponatremia/

LYME MENINGITIS LEADING TO HYPONATREMIA

Woman rubbing painful shoulder due to Lyme meningitis.

In their article “A Tick-borne Cause of Hyponatremia: SIADH Due to Lyme Meningitis,” Windpessl and colleagues describe a patient who was initially treated for sudden onset of shoulder pain associated with hyponatremia but later diagnosed with Lyme meningitis. [1]

By Dr. Daniel Cameron

There are many causes of hyponatremia. Any disorder of the central nervous system, including infections, can trigger it. However, only a few case reports of Lyme meningitis or Lyme neuroborreliosis have been published with a focus on hyponatremia, according to the authors.

Hyponatremia is a condition that occurs when the level of sodium in the blood is too low. With this condition, the body holds onto too much water. This dilutes the amount of sodium in the blood and causes levels to be low.²

One month prior to being admitted to the hospital, the 83-year-old woman had presented to the emergency department because of stabbing back pain, localized to the left shoulder.

“The shoulder pain gradually subsided but lower back pain ensued, worsening at night,” wrote the authors. “In parallel, she noticed difficulties in concentrating, unsteadiness, and poor appetite.”

The woman was admitted for an evaluation of unspecific gastrointestinal symptoms and weight loss.

Her sodium was low (hyponatremia (125 mmol/L) consistent with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) secretion.

The doctors could not find a cause. Drug-related hyponatremia was suspected in the absence of another diagnosis. And her blood pressure medication was changed.

The antihypertensive held. As sodium levels were slightly higher when controlled 5 days later, amlodipine was prescribed instead.

However, a month later, her sodium levels were still low (126 mmol/L).

“In view of the history, nocturnal back pain and obscure hyponatremia, she was admitted for a lumbar puncture,” wrote the authors.

Her spinal tap was diagnostic for Lyme meningitis.

SIADS resolved after a 3-week course of antibiotics.

“In hindsight, the lancinating shoulder pain prompting the patient’s first hospital visit likely represented Bannwarth syndrome, a radiculoneuritis occurring early in the course of Lyme disease,” the authors pointed out.

References:
  1. Windpessl M, Oel D, Muller P. A Tick-Borne Cause of Hyponatremia: SIADH Due to Lyme Meningitis. Am J Med. May 27 2022;doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.05.013

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For more:

A Modern Holistic Protocol for Lyme Disease

**Comment**
Please read my review of this article at the end.

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**Comment**

My Review:

Red flags immediately go up when someone calls it “Lymes Disease,” because it announces the fact they are ignorant of the fact it all started in the town of Lyme, Connecticut with a cluster of cases in children who were misdiagnosed with juvenile arthritis (JA).  It’s Lyme disease, named after the town of Lyme.  Please go here for an excellent video by an experienced Lyme literate doctor on the history of Lyme disease, of which manifestations began long before this cluster of children.  Go here for a summary of the video and other important facts important to understand that not mentioned in Biomante’s  article that explain the sordid backstory, the reason Lyme/MSIDS research being used is fraudulent, and completely biased, the flagrant conflicts of interest within the agencies controlling the Lyme narrative, and The Cabal doing the only accepted research that does not take into account global research and independent research showing the organism persists despite treatment.

Regarding cases, this article is way off.  Reporting has been a problem from the beginning as the surveillance criteria has such a high bar that hardly anyone meets it.  Getting a positive on the 2-tiered CDC testing is akin to winning the lottery.  The world at large now knows that Lyme is woefully under-reported.  Nobody has a clue about coinfections.  To continue to regurgitate these unrealistically low numbers doesn’t help anyone and only demonstrates ignorance.  I also don’t appreciate the same mythology regarding where Lyme exists.  This has also been a problem and is a perfect example of bad science continuing to be used. Lyme is literally everywhere.  That’s all you need to know.  Don’t continue to downplay this.  It’s a plague of biblical proportions.

Regarding the research at the University of Connecticut finding only 53% had Bb and were misdiagnosed with Lyme arthritis, this too remains highly dubious.  All testing for this illusive organism is abysmal – plus current two-tiered CDC testing only tests for ONE strain when there are 100 strains and counting in the U.S. alone.  More are found on a regular basis.  Testing won’t pick of any of these other strains.  All parameters for case numbers are faulty.  

He announces that there is “hysteria” regarding the disease.  This immediately raises my blood pressure.  He truly is clueless.  This continued downplaying of a life-shattering, complex illness has been going on for over 40 years due to vested interests and faulty science needs to end.  The “untreatable form of Lyme disease could hit 2 million Americans,” and that isn’t even taking into account global numbers.  Lyme disease is more prevalent than AIDS, breast cancer, West Nile virus, H1N1, and Ebola.  He doesn’t mention that Lyme is congenitally transmitted and there is evidence being ignored that it is also sexually transmitted.

Biamonte’s description of the symptoms also shows his inexperience.  Lyme can virtually look like anything and mimic some 300-different diseases.  While some get the EM rash, many don’t.  The rash can also look quite differently on patients.  Strain diversity appears to make a difference regarding symptoms, with some strains causing more skin manifestations and some causing more joint manifestations – regardless, it is wrong to attempt to put this monster in a neat four-cornered box.  Further, ticks are migrating everywhere, intermingling, and nobody has a clue what that is going to do to strain diversity and symptomology.  Again, this hasn’t been studied in decades because according to The Cabal, it’s a done deal.  No further science required. 

Can you think of any other disease in which this attitude of ignorance is allowed and accepted?

I would also urge caution in blaming the black legged tick as the sole perp.  Since Bb and its many strains and all the coinfections are extremely fastidious organisms, early work as been done and then used again and again and again for decades.  Time for new, independently done science with new methods.  We desperately need transmission studies as the ones being used are decades old.  Ticks all bite, exchange fluids and have the potential to transmit diseases.  Don’t diminish the tick’s ability to side-line your life with things you never even knew existed!

The explanation of the 3 stages of the life cycles of ticks is also simplified.  It is known ticks can partially feed, drop off, and then transmit much more quickly  to the next victim.  We know ticks can parasitize each other. We know that ticks can survive harsh environments by burying under leaf litter and snow (or anything else they can find like wood chips in a playground). They also go through a hibernation period called diapause.  Ticks can also pass on infections to their offspring. There is much we don’t know – especially regarding transmission.

I would caution against using percentages of infected ticks to prove a point.  Remember, it only takes ONE tick, ONE bite, and your life could be changed forever.  Each tick is a potential bomb capable of infecting you with 19 and counting diseases.

The regurgitation that a tick must be attached for 36-48 hours to transmit infection is based on faulty science.  Minimum times for infection have never been determined.  It also does not take into account the fact pathogens have been found in the salivary glands, suggesting a much quicker transmission time, and that ticks often partially feed, drop off, and can infect you quicker.  Very old research is being used again, and again, and again, when reality has shown people getting infected within a few hours.  This mythology continues to downplay a modern-day scourge by using ancient data.  Some tick-borne infections can be transmitted within minutes.  Many of them look just like Lyme.  Another mistake is to focus solely on Lyme.  In my experience Babesia, Bartonella, and Mycoplasm are as bad if not worse than Lyme.  If you are infected with a few of these suckers at once, you are one sick dog.  And in my experience, this is the norm.

The section on “Lyme Disease Symptoms” again demonstrates this man’s inexperience.  Hardly anyone I know fits his limited list.  Again, research has shown the EM rash to be highly variable, and hardly ANYONE I work with has seen it.  Most also haven’t seen the tick.  Patients and their doctors often work completely in the dark, and what often happens is over time is bizarre unexplainable symptoms start cropping up more and more until life becomes unbearable.  At this point Bb and coinfections are virtually everywhere in the human body – heavily entrenched and therefore, harder to treat.  This is reality. 

Also, people can jump from stage to stage in no particular order.  Some will experience psychiatric symptoms IMMEDIATELY and never have the rash, fever, joint pain, etc. 

In Stage II, Biamonte states about 10% will experience transient heart dysfunction.  Again, it’s very unwise to use percentages when testing misses a preponderance of cases and the organism is elusive. This study found an increasing burden of Lyme carditis in U.S. children’s hospitals.  Many are questioning if there could be subclinical cardiac involvement in early Lyme with children, and that’s another fly in the ointment.  Most testing won’t pick up problems with these patients because their symptoms are subclinical, yet they are severe to the patient. If I had a nickel for every time a patient told me the test didn’t find anything, I’d be a rich woman.  Just because testing didn’t reveal something, doesn’t mean something isn’t there.  This is truly the norm with tick-borne illness.  I didn’t start having heart issues until we started treating for Babesia and then all of a sudden, BOOM!  It felt like I was having a heart attack.  This is another reality.  Until you start utilizing anti-microbials, the immune system is confused and unable to deal with these infections because they fool the immune system by changing their outer surface proteins to look like the good guys.  Further, so many are misdiagnosed that percentages are meaningless.  Seriously.  Meaningless.  There are thousands out there who have Lyme carditis who have completely fallen through the cracks.  Thousands.

He states symptoms will decrease in weeks to months WITHOUT treatment.  It’s obvious he is reading Wormser and other Cabalist’s research as this is what they believe; however, in the real world symptoms wax and wane but never totally go away, and left untreated with only become more entrenched in the body.  Again, this illness often takes years to unravel.  Waxing and waning is a marquee symptom with tick-borne illness, but without treatment it will metastasize everywhere in the human body.  There is a connection with Lyme/MSIDS and cancer as well as brain diseases like ALS, dementia, Alzheimer’s, MS, etc.  Left untreated, the parasites will continue to live off the host weakening it year by year until they are a shell of themself. 

He states 10% will suffer chronic arthritis.  Let me be clear: nobody has a clue about the prevalence of arthritis in these poor patients.  Not a clue.  Putting this in a box, unless it’s Pandora’s is the biggest mistake being made. 

Regarding treatment, he omits to mention that even people diagnosed and treated early can require further treatment as symptoms return.  This is very common. 

He mentions direct testing being a “low-yield” procedure as so few organisms are found, but that “surely someone, somewhere is working to develop such an early test, probably based upon the DNA of the microorganism.”  This too shows the ignorance of the history of the suppression of direct detection techniques.  In fact a test has been found to be highly accurate but our corrupt public health “authorities” monopolize testing, and have done unethical things against competitors for decades.  Public health owns the patents on the organisms, the tests, the treatments, and the vaccines.  It’s a business, not a public health agency concerned with health.  This is imperative to understand.

He does mention the success of metronidazole or one of the other 5-nitroimidazoles in heavier does for a longer period of time.  I would agree, but never as a mono therapy.  Savvy Lyme literate doctors have learned from vast experience with thousands upon thousands of patients to layer treatment, never utilizing a mono therapy, to avoid antibiotic resistance.  Again, coinfections are common place and require different medications including anti-protozoan meds, anthelmintics, and more. The potential for candida should also be taken into account and dealt with.

Regarding the use of colloidal silver for Lyme, I completely disagree. This recent study shows stevia, Andrographis, Grapefruit seed extract, colloidal silver, monolaurin, and antimicrobial peptide LL37 didn’t do diddly.  Keep in mind this work is done in vitro – or in a lab, not the human body – although this follows my personal experience as well. This 2004 study shows that 3 samples of colloidal silver of 22 ppm and two samples of 403 and 413 ppm in an agar-well diffusion assay showed ZERO effect on the growth of test organisms but ALL were sensitive to ciprofloxacin.  Silver at 22ppm showed NO bactericidal activity in phenol coefficient tests.

The patients he mentions have already been treated with many antibiotics and have developed candida issues (not uncommon).  He doesn’t mention how long these patients were treated, which would be helpful to know.  Please know that a wise treatment would address candida along the way.  We took fluconazole twice a week throughout our treatment course along with a low or no sugar diet. 

I personally know patients that used silver and the result was they ended up wheel-chair bound.  They only worsened and worsened. 

He mentions research done in the 90’s showing that colloidal silver killed Bb after 24 hours of exposure.  The other research mentioned is from the 70’s.  If it was so effective, much more would have been done and trust me, desperate patients and the doctors who dare treat them would be using it, and they are not.  To claim that silver is virtually non-toxic is also premature.  Little has been done on it – particularly using it over long periods of time.  Again, metals are not harmless and accumulate in the body.  

I’m a huge proponent of using silver topically on wounds, etc.  Hospitals have shown the effectiveness of this substance for decades for cleaning and sterilizing objects topically.  Sometimes I will even use it to ward off a cold by spraying it on my throat for a few days.  Sometimes it appears to work and other times it doesn’t, which is only my personal observation.

Some claim that utilizing it along with antibiotics, potentiates the antibiotics.  My concern would be putting metals in a body already struggling.  Metals, after all, accumulate.  In fact, many Lyme/MSIDS and autism patients improve by using chelation which removes heavy metals. 

He states that artemisia has been used effectively for Lyme.  I would disagree.  This is an anti-malarial medicine that has action against Babesia, which is a cousin to malaria – a protozoan.  Due to the repeated mistakes in his article and the downplaying of the seriousness of this complex illness, I question his experience with not only being able to identify coinfections and their symptomology, but also the importance of treating each infection with specific antimicrobials that have action against it.

From clinical observation, Cat’s Claw is effective against Lyme; however, there is debate in the herbal world about the need for TOA free vs the whole herb.  Again, I’m not qualified to enter this debate, but Master herbalists write on it with conviction both ways.  In the end, we often are forced to experiment to determine the truth of the matter and even then patients often have different findings, reminding us of the complexity of the human body.  In the end, whatever works for you – USE IT! 

While it is wise is to rotate meds, savvy Lyme literate doctors have a method to their madness and pay close attention to the life-cycle of the organism as well as the plateaus patients experience.  Rotating, while important to guard against drug resistance, it is also important to layer treatments so they work synergistically together – also negating resistance and effectively dealing with coinfections and candida.

I have used Banderol and Biocidin with little effect.  I’m sure others have had a better experience, but one again – treatment should always be an individualized approach. 

Regarding length of treatment, one of the wisest, most experienced LLMD’s in Wisconsin (RIP) told me that in the 70’s when he treated this illness they labeled a “rickettsial” like illness –  as it wasn’t even named yet, he found that a few months to a year of treatment appeared to work.  He now states treating this takes YEARS – like 3-5 years.  So, according to this wise, experienced doctor, things have changed making this harder to treat.  Perhaps coinfection involvement has become more of a problem than in the past.

Please remember that according to the article, most of the patients Biamonte treats are seeing him for Candida AFTER they have already been treated for Lyme/MSIDS.  This would explain why he is perhaps seeing success after only one year.  They’ve already been treated, perhaps for years by someone else.  They have successfully beaten down and reduced the infection load and are now struggling with Candida, immunoconfusion, and the last vestiges of infections that have already been hit hard by antibiotics. 

Finally, it’s important to remember that this doctor is seeing patients that are suffering with significant blow-back.  His experience is going to be biased in this direction.  I wish he would stick with helping people recover from treatment that out of necessity is harsh (until something else is discovered) but not superimposing his beliefs that the treatments are wrong, or that colloidal silver is the answer to all our woes.

The fact that these patients are recovering in a year shows me that these patients are well on their way to health but need specialized help in dealing with damage caused by either the infections themselves, the harsh treatment required, or a combination of both. This problem is also quite common.

Opportunity to Help an Independent Researcher Publish His Work on Chronic Lyme Patients

https://www.gofundme.com/f/borrelia-research-microscopic-discovery  Go Here to Donate

Borrelia Research Microscopic Discover

Chronic Borrelia diseases in patients who show negative Lyme serology results in blood testing can be verified by microscopic detection of Borrelia spirochetes under the microscope from tissue samples, or blood smears or Cerebrospinal fluid.
My research uses DNA probes to directly image Borrelia spirochetes in blood, tissue, or CSF fluids which are provided to me by patients.
Publication of my research discoveries in Medical Journals is necessary to convince the medical community of the science behind my DNA probe based research.
Medical Journals charge between $3000 to $4000 for each manuscript which is cleared for publication.  These costs have prevented me from publishing my research discoveries of chronic Lyme disease case studies in which blood antibody studies are falsely negative and which are only validated by microscopic detection of Borrelia spirochetes in patient specimens.
I request your donations to help pay for the costs of publication of my Free to all Lyme disease research discoveries.
Thank you for your help
Alan B MacDonald MD

Adverse effects from COVID Shots Due to Stress Caused By ‘Anti-vaxxers’… Meanwhile in the Real World, Pathophysiology of the mRNA Molecule Explained As Sudden Deaths Continue

You seriously can’t make this stuff up…..

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36381188/

Covid 19 vaccines and the misinterpretation of perceived side effects clarity on the safety of vaccines

Free PMC article

Abstract

In the era of Covid 19 and mass vaccination programs, the anti-vaccination movement across the world is currently at an all-time high. Much of this anti-vaccination sentiment could be attributed to the alleged side effects that are perpetuated across social media from anti-vaccination groups. Fear mongering and misinformation being peddled by people with no scientific training to terrorise people into staying unvaccinated is not just causing people to remain susceptible to viral outbreaks, but could also be causing more side effects seen in the vaccination process. This brief review will offer data that may demonstrate that misinformation perpetuated by the anti-vaccination movement may be causing more deaths and side effects from any vaccine. A mini review of published literature has been conducted and found that mental stress clearly causes vasoconstriction and arterial constriction of the blood vessels. Therefore, if subjects are panicked, concerned, stressed or scared of the vaccination, their arteries will constrict and become smaller in and around the time of receiving the vaccine. This biological mechanism (the constriction of veins, arteries and vessels under mental stress) is the most likely cause for where there has been blood clots, strokes, heart attacks, dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, loss of smell and taste that may have been experienced shortly after vaccine administration. The extreme mental stress of the patient could most likely be attributed to the fear mongering and scare tactics used by various anti-vaccination groups. This paper does not aim to rule in or out every side effect seen, but it is highly likely that many apparent side effects seen shortly after a subject has received a vaccine could be the result of restricted or congested blood flow from blood vessel or arterial constriction caused by emotional distress or placebo based on fear around vaccines.

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**Comment**

Just who is this Raymond D Palmer, the author of this atrocious study?  The reason this is important is because this bogus study is posted on the U.S. government’s official website.

According to this, Palmer has a dubious background.

His Linkedin profile offers some clues (It appears his profile has now been deleted):

So he’s a mRNA Alchemist (pseudoscience) who speaks Chinese, and his top interest is Pfizer’s Albert Bourla.

Education-wise, he jumps from web design, to real estate, to electrical engineering. Then a course in astronomy and astrophysics. (Palmer is very into astronomy. This is his space photography site and this is a Perth Now feature on his 2009 solo space photography exhibition). Suddenly in 2019 he starts taking online courses in epigenetics, biochemistry, genetic engineering and the like. He publishes his first paper in a cardiovascular medicine journal the same year that he starts studying epigenetics, with no prior training in any related field.   Source

Please go here for more on his NIAID and NIH connections, NDAs, Hong Kong investors, and more.
And here for more crazy, unearthed information.

Palmer cites a single WHO-led study in support of this claim that post-vaccination adverse events are not causally linked to the vaccines.1  They simply worked off the presumption that the shots are not the cause of post-“vaccination” events, which ignores an immense body of literature demonstrating causal links.  Source

Palmer therefore hypothesizes that it must be those nasty “anti-vaxxers”.

Seriously, nothing shocks me anymore. There is ZERO integrity in science any more.

I wonder if Palmer truly understands what he is implying? He has completely snuffed out the “safe and effective” mantra by stating that the safety of “vaccines” is dependent upon the recipient’s psychological condition. 

You want to know what stresses me out?  Digital Vax Certificates. Go here to find out why.

It’s curious Palmer didn’t bother to mention the following very real stressors happening in the real world that have caused untold damage:

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Meanwhile, back in the real world …..

https://popularrationalism.substack.com/p/on-the-sudden-death-pathophysiology?

On the Sudden Death Pathophysiology of the Vaccine mRNA Molecule

A Summary (for the General Public) and Commentary Regarding the Case Report Published by Dr. Michael Mörz (pathologist)

Images in the Mörz article (See link) support the following hypothesis:

  • When the mRNA (that is embedded in the lipid nanoparticle of the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine) is injected into the arm, the mRNA finds its way (via the blood stream) into distant cells—in this case endothelial cells that line the small blood vessels in the heart and brain. (The vaccine does not simply stay in the arm.)
  • Once in the endothelial cell(s), the mRNA instructs the ribosomes in the cell to manufacture spike protein.
  • The spike protein then migrates to the outer surface of the endothelial cell.
  • The immune system then recognizes the spike protein (or fragments thereof) as foreign and concludes that the endothelial cell has become infected.
  • Accordingly, the immune system sends lymphocytes and other inflammatory cells into the walls of the vessel to attack the presumed infected endothelial cell.
  • The vessel wall becomes inflamed (vasculitis) and, during this process, the endothelial cells become immunologically injured and may swell to varying degrees. Sometimes, abnormal intravascular coagulation (clotting within the vessel) may be triggered. In some instances spike protein may appear within the brain (or heart) tissue, where the spike protein may trigger an inflammatory reaction (encephalitis, myocarditis)

Originally Published on Notes from the Social Clinic, Nov 10, 2022

Brief summary by Dr. Rennebohm, author of the summary below: The Morz et al. study “documents the abundant presence of vaccinal spike protein in the capillaries of the brain and heart, and he shows how this is associated with vasculitis, necrotizing encephalitis, and myocarditis.”

(See link for article & in depth details)

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https://rumble.com/v1xxjz4-2nd-grade-student-suddenly-dies-kids-struggling-to-concentrate-post-vaccina.html  Video Here (Approx. 3 Min)

Canadian Doctor Reports on the Epidemic of Sudden Deaths

Doctor William Makis states an epidemic of sudden death taking effect in Canada overshadows dementia and heart disease to become Alberta’s top killer. Doctors who complied to a strict vaccine mandate to keep their jobs have had 3-5 shots and now 93 Canadian physicians (and counting) have succumbed to sudden death.

But it’s not just doctors who are dying suddenly.

Makis reports nurses, paramedics, police, firefighters, and teachers are also dying suddenly.  A second grade student just died.

Teachers are reaching out to Makis as they are seeing injuries and immune reactions, such as asthma, in children as well as the fact they aren’t able to concentrate in class.

Makis mentions the documentary “Died Suddenly,” which shows bizarre white, rubbery blood clots in the “vaccinated,” which can also been seen here and here.  He also mentions research that has been done where scientists have taken blood and exposed it to the spike protein, and the blood starts clumping almost immediately.  These proteins get built into the blood clots — amyloid proteins that make amyloid fibrils, which cause long clots that are very firm and rubbery. The body cannot degrade these clots, and doctors are finding that regular blood thinners don’t work.

If you are one of the unfortunate victims of these clot shots, please see The Spike Detox Guide put out by World Council for Health.

When Babesiosis Turns Deadly

https://danielcameronmd.com/when-babesiosis-turns-deadly/

WHEN BABESIOSIS TURNS DEADLY

babesiosis-turns-deadly
In their case report “Fatal Babesiosis in an Immunocompetent Patient,” Selig and colleagues describe a 48-year-old man who died within days of being admitted to the hospital from babesiosis and yet, he didn’t have any significant risk factors for severe presentation of the illness. [1]

By Dr. Daniel Cameron

The man presented to the emergency department with fatigue, generalized weakness and intermittent subjective fevers. The symptoms had worsened over a 2-week period.

The patient also complained of headaches, vision changes, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. And had a medical history of type 2 diabetes and intermittent asthma.

“He denied any known recent tick or animal exposures, any recent travel, or previous blood transfusions,” the authors write. 

“On arrival to the ED, the patient was tachycardic, afebrile, and normotensive,” the authors write. “A blood parasite smear returned with small ring-form parasites with 25% [red blood cells] infected, consistent with babesiosis.”

“Human babesiosis is an emerging infectious disease with a progressively rising number of cases in the Northeast over the last few decades.”

The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit and began treatment with azithromycin and atovaquone, along with doxycycline for any co-infections, such as Lyme disease.

However, the next day, the patient’s conditioned deteriorated and he required endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation. Several days later, he died.

“A few days following the patient’s death, babesia studies returned with PCR positive for B. microti and positive anti body findings (IgG 1:128 and IgM 1:160) confirming the babesiosis diagnosis,” the authors write.

PODCAST: Delayed onset Babesia

The authors suggest, “Clinicians should be aware that even in patients without the classic risk factors of asplenia, advanced age, and immunocompromised status for severe presentations of babesiosis, a deadly case can present.”

They noted that although their patient suffered from type 2 diabetes, an immunocompromised condition, diabetes has not previously been shown to be a significant risk factor for severe babesiosis.