Archive for the ‘Bartonella’ Category

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy as an Autoimmune Disease – but Associated with Bartonella, Mycoplasma & Viruses

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31072742

2019 May 6. pii: S0896-8411(19)30043-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.04.021. [Epub ahead of print]

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy as an autoimmune disease.

Rodríguez Y1, Vatti N2, Ramírez-Santana C1, Chang C3, Mancera-Páez O4, Gershwin ME5, Anaya JM6.

Abstract

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by neurological symptoms and signs of progressive weakness, paresthesias, and sensory dysfunction. Other symptoms include reduced or absent tendon reflexes, cranial nerve involvement, autonomic symptoms, ataxia, and neuropathic pain. Unlike other autoimmune diseases, CIDP generally affects older individuals and has a male predominance. The onset is generally insidious and can take up to 8 weeks with a relapsing-recovery pattern. Like all autoimmune diseases, the etiology is multifactorial, with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to it.

Case reports of CIDP have found associations with multiple pathogenic organisms including Hepatitis B and C viruses, Bartonella henselae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Human immunodeficiency virus, Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. Possible antigenic self-targets include myelin protein 0, myelin protein 2, peripheral myelin protein 22, Connexin 32, and myelin basic protein. Antibodies targeting the Ranvier node proteins such as contactin-1, contactin-associated protein 1, and neurofascin 155 have been described. CIDP is treated with rehabilitation and pharmacological modalities. Pharmacological treatments target autoimmune dysfunction and include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, subcutaneous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory agents such as methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, and mycophenolate mofetil. Although there are few observational studies and randomized clinical trials with limited evidence supporting the use of immunosuppressive drugs, they are widely used in clinical practice. A comprehensive review of CIDP is presented herein in light of the autoimmune tautology.

___________________

**Comment**

It’s a bit of a head-scratcher to me why they call this an autoimmune disease when it’s associated with multiple pathogenic organisms.  From everything I know – treat the infection and the symptoms improve:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/03/treat-the-infection-psychiatric-symptoms-get-better/

That’s not to say the immune system doesn’t need to be addressed.

Lyme/MSIDS treatment includes both aspects as well as detoxification and addressing imbalances within the body which requires supplementation with whatever is lacking.

It is common knowledge that immunosuppressive drugs worsen Lyme/MSIDS patients, so they need to be used scrupulously and along with antimicrobials or the pathogens are in an environment where they are allowed to thrive, ultimately worsening the patient’s condition.

For more:  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Chronic-Inflammatory-Demyelinating-Polyneuropathy-CIDP-Information-Page  Excerpt:  

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms. The disorder, which is sometimes called chronic relapsing polyneuropathy, is caused by damage to the myelin sheath (the fatty covering that wraps around and protects nerve fibers) of the peripheral nerves….It often presents with symptoms that include tingling or numbness (beginning in the toes and fingers), weakness of the arms and legs, loss of deep tendon reflexes (areflexia), fatigue, and abnormal sensations. CIDP is closely related to Guillain-Barre syndrome and it is considered the chronic counterpart of that acute disease.

The NIH link states the treatment is corticosteroids, but again, you’ve been warned that IF you have Lyme/MSIDS, that mono-therapy will make you worse.

Tingling, numbness, and stabbing pain are quite common in Lyme/MSIDS and many people with Epstein Barr (EBV) have misdiagnosed Lyme:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/04/11/diagnosed-with-ebv-had-lyme/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/11/04/24514/  EBV – A Key Player in Chronic Illness.

Neuropathy is also common with Lyme/MSIDS:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/03/12/small-fiber-neuropathy-ptlds/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/02/07/cranial-neuropathy-severe-pain-due-to-bb-infection/

 

 

Category:

Bartonella, Mycoplasma, Treatment, Viruses

Seventy People Attend Bartonella Event

https://www.galaxydx.com/galaxy-co-sponsors-barbecue-and-bartonella-one-health-event-at-tulane-university/

Galaxy Co-Sponsors “Barbecue and Bartonella” One Health Event at Tulane University

Galaxy Diagnostics, the One Health Commission, Louisiana One Health in Action (LOHA), and the One Health Student Club at Tulane partnered to present an educational “Barbecue and Bartonella” event for medical students, veterinarians, public health faculty, and other interested parties on March 28th 2019 at the Tulane School of Public Health. Approximately 70 attendees gathered to raise awareness of bartonellosis and discuss the impact of a one health approach to medicine.

Lousiana One Health in Action (LOHA) founder, Amy LeBoeuf, sharing her son’s medical journey.

 

The event included an excerpt from our medical education webinar, Understanding Bartonella. Also LOHA founder, Amy LeBoeuf, shared her son’s medical journey. In her presentation, Amy discussed the severity of his symptoms, the complexity of his treatment, and the overwhelming amount of testing that he has faced over the years.

Like many patients facing chronic illnesses, he saw more than 30 doctors in 19 different specialties. A variety of autoimmune diseases were considered, including lupus, fibromyalgia, and complex regional pain syndrome, before an accurate diagnosis was made.

A key factor in the correct diagnosis and treatment was when Amy discovered that a cat scratch had occurred prior to the onset of symptoms.

“It is imperative that we develop a different approach in the medical community,” says Amy LeBoeuf, founder of Louisiana One Health in Action, “because not everyone that becomes ill has the same host response to these pathogens, which make it easy to mistake for other diagnoses.”

LOHA is a community of advocates dedicated to spreading the one health initiative at a community level and providing opportunities for awareness and education. Along with this event, they also organized a “Beating Bartonella” color run that Galaxy Diagnostics co-sponsored in October. If you would like to learn more about the organization and their events, please visit their page here.

“Barbecue and Bartonella” T-shirts that were handed out at the event.

About Galaxy Diagnostics, Inc.

As a social venture and a One Health company, Galaxy Diagnostics is passionate about protecting the animal-human bond through the surveillance, prevention and clinical management of flea- and tick-borne diseases shared by people and animals. Not only do we offer the best possible molecular and serology test options available, but we work with researchers and clinicians to generate new knowledge about emerging infectious diseases such as bartonellosis, Lyme borreliosis and other vector-borne diseases. Based on our scientific expertise, we are able to provide counsel to clinicians and researchers dedicated to achieving the most accurate diagnosis possible for their patients. Our mission is reflected in our corporate values, clinical service offerings, and everyday interaction with patients, clinicians and researchers.

Media contact: James Rebenski, contact@galaxydx.com
_______________________

**Comment*

Any forward progress regarding Bartonella is pretty much due to the efforts of one man – Dr. Breitschwerdt (veterinarian). Like other researchers truly undertaking research that helps Lyme/MSIDS patients, he’s heavily vested.

His own father died due to chronic Bartonellosis:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3044516/#!po=1.02041

The love he had for his dad is palpable – even in a scientific article.  Excerpt:

Potentially, his illness illustrates a complex interaction between intravascular Bartonella infection and complex disease expression, provides documentation for an as yet uncharacterized zoonotic rodent Bartonella sp., and offers disconcerting evidence supporting antimicrobial drug ineffectiveness and clinical evidence supporting the concept that persistent infection with >1 Bartonella spp. may lead to immunosuppression and opportunistic infections with organisms such as herpes zoster and C. albicans. As in his life, Dad would want this story to benefit others after his death. We hope that it does.

Breitschwerdt has seen all sorts of animals and mites, TICKS, fleas and even spiders test positive for Bartonella.

“Animals are the primary reservoir for the Bartonella species,” he said.  https://www.northcarolinahealthnews.org/2013/12/05/bartonella-is-everywhere-so-why-dont-we-know-more-about-it/

While losing your father is a heavy blow, all of us out here in Lyme-land are indebted to a suffering man and his son who is leaving no stone unturned to discover all there is to know about an under appreciated pathogen causing all sorts of animal and human illness.

More on Bartonella:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/01/03/bartonella-treatment/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/03/21/bartonella-sudden-onset-adolescent-schizophrenia-a-case-study/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/11/10/neurological-presentations-of-bartonella-henselae-infection/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/11/29/bartonella-seizures/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/04/08/case-series-bartonella-ocular-manifestations/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/08/09/a-bartonella-story/

You can be perfectly healthy and have no cat contact and still get infected with Bartonella:

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/03/02/skin-inflammation-nodules-letting-the-cat-out-of-the-bag/  Read comment after article.

Category:

Activism, Bartonella

One Family’s Story of Strep, Lyme Disease, and PANS/PANDAS

https://www.lymedisease.org/kravitz-pandas-lyme/

One family’s story of strep, Lyme disease, and PANS/PANDAS

PANDAS Lyme disease

By Jenny Kravitz

On January 3, 2019, my family’s whole world changed LITERALLY OVER NIGHT.

Our once loving little man (now age 6) was filled with rage, aggression and hatred. He went from snuggling with me and loving me, to lashing out at me, telling me he hated me, wanted to kill me and physically coming after me.

Let’s back track. As a baby and toddler, Nathan got strep throat constantly over and over again. He had his first positive strep test at six months old. From then on, it felt like a battle with strep every month.

At 3, Nathan got his tonsils and adenoids removed, in hopes this would cure his recurring strep infections. He had to go back under the knife two days after surgery for hemorrhaging.

Nathan made a full recovery after spending a few days in the PICU and he returned home. Little did we know that strep would come back with a vengeance!

I personally never knew until now that strep could come back with no tonsils and even hide in other places. It was living in his GI system and causing severe inflammation in his brain, liver and spleen, causing Nathan now to be critically anemic.

The “flu”?

Fast forward to January of 2019. Nathan came down with the “flu.” He was lethargic, sleeping 24/7. No matter what we did, he persistently had high fevers of 103-104 for days on end.

Finally after two weeks, the fever broke and slowly started coming around. He was still quiet, still tired but happy to be around friends.

Then, came rage and saying awful things. Then he became sad, overly sensitive, and would cry for hours. Then came the bowel regression. I’m not telling this for pity or embarrassment, but to make others aware, because this is what this nasty illness does. This is OUR REALITY. Nathan was fully potty trained at the age of 3. He has now regressed and is most of the time in pull ups, having three or four accidents a day.

He has “flares” that can be caused by just about anything. I’ve seen it happen when he’s overtired, has a loose tooth (open wounds allow bacteria to move freely), and when he comes into contact with illness. Nathan doesn’t have to have a current strep infection to cause a flare up. If he simply is around someone who has strep, this can cause a huge reaction.

I called an emergency IEP meeting with Nathan’s teachers, to figure out what the hell was going on! THIS WAS NO WAY ADHD OR PEDIATRIC BIPOLAR like the neurologist wanted to label my child. We put a good plan in place and I mentioned my concerns and thoughts.

Finally, some answers

Late January, I called a naturopathic doctor in New Hampshire who is highly knowledgeable and came recommended by many. This was after a friend reached out to me and told me Lyme disease could cause this behavior and then told me about a illness called PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neurological disorder associated with streptococcus).

My head went spinning, I researched and researched, stayed up late researching, googling, joining support groups. OH MY HEAVENS. This is it! This was my son. I only remember ever seeing two ticks on Nathan. But honestly, I didn’t know much about tick-borne illness, so I removed the ticks and shrugged it off.

We went to see this naturopathic doctor. Fast forward again, to when his lab work came back. Nathan’s strep antibodies were four times what they should be! His CRP (which measures inflammation in the body) was also four times what it should be. BAM 💥PANDAS! This mama knew it!

Then we got the Lyme lab work. He tested positive for Lyme AND mycoplasma AND Bartonella. BAM AGAIN! WE FINALLY HAD A DIAGNOSIS! We also found out he has celiac, so we are now a gluten-free family.

A face to the nastiness

Don’t get me wrong. I was sad, I cried. But this mama was and still am so relieved to put a face to this nastiness that was causing Nathan to act so out of character.

He now is in treatment. On two antibiotics and natural tinctures to support his immune system (which by the way is literally nothing) and to help with the inflammation that’s going on in his body/brain.

Nathan still struggles with facial and vocal tics, potty regression, slurred slow speech, mood swings and major GI issues. But slow and steady and ONE DAY AT A TIME!

Love you my sweet, brave boy. Mama always has your back!

Jenny Kravitz lives in New Hampshire. She shared this on her Facebook page and gave us permission to republish it.

___________________

**Comment**

Children with PANS/PANDAS often have an infection(s) triggering their illness.  Treating this infection(s) is imperative. According to a Wisconsin specialist, 80% of his PANS/PANDAS patients have Lyme and other coinfections. This is important to know and tell others about, remembering that tick borne illness testing is abysmal.

Getting to a specialist who understands this complexity is paramount.

For more:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/04/09/abstract-bartonella-in-boy-with-pans/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/07/28/stories-of-pandas/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/06/30/child-with-lymemsidspans-told-by-doctors-she-made-it-all-up/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/08/misdiagnosed-how-children-with-treatable-medical-issues-are-mistakenly-labeled-as-mentally-ill/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/04/11/hidden-invaders-infections-can-trigger-immune-attacks-on-kids-brains-provoking-devastating-psychiatric-disorders/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/12/01/guidelines-for-treating-pans-its-real/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/01/02/pans-pandas-a-survivors-story/

Please spread the word and educate others. Children are losing their childhoods to this.

 

Category:

Activism, Bartonella, Inflammation, Lyme, PANS, Psychological Aspects, Uncategorized

Bartonella Transmitted to Children at Birth Causing Chronic Infections

https://news.ncsu.edu/2010/05/bartonella/?fbclid=IwAR2Lf1BBOaAbdKshR76e0Kou-KPUt-H0QVw4Xv_6GFOX_2GoufhEmrg0ZrQ

Disease Caused By Insect Bites Can Be Transmitted To Children At Birth, NC State Researcher Finds

May 3, 2010

A North Carolina State University researcher has discovered that bacteria transmitted by fleas–and potentially ticks–can be passed to human babies by the mother, causing chronic infections and raising the possibility of bacterially induced birth defects.

Dr. Ed Breitschwerdt, professor of internal medicine in the Department of Clinical Sciences, is among the world’s leading experts on Bartonella, a bacteria that is maintained in nature by fleas, ticks and other biting insects, but which can be transmitted by infected cats and dogs as well. The most commonly known Bartonella-related illness is cat scratch disease, caused by B. henselae, a strain of Bartonella that can be carried in a cat’s blood for months to years. Cat scratch disease was thought to be a self-limiting, or “one-time” infection; however, Breitschwerdt’s previous work discovered cases of children and adults with chronic, blood-borne Bartonella infections–from strains of the bacteria that are most often transmitted to cats (B. henselae) and dogs (B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii) by fleas and other insects.

In his most recent case study, Breitschwerdt’s research group tested blood and tissue samples taken over a period of years from a mother, father and son who had suffered chronic illnesses for over a decade. Autopsy samples from their daughter–the son’s twin who died shortly after birth–contained DNA evidence of B. henselae and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffi infection, which was also found in the other members of the family.

Both parents had suffered recurring neurological symptoms including headaches and memory loss, as well as shortness of breath, muscle weakness and fatigue before the children were born. In addition, their 10-year-old son was chronically ill from birth and their daughter died due to a heart defect at nine days of age.

Results of the parents’ medical histories and the microbiological tests indicated that the parents had been exposed to Bartonella prior to the birth of the twins, and finding the same bacteria in both children, one shortly after birth and the other 10 years later, indicates that they may have  become infected while in utero.

Breitschwerdt’s research appears online in the April 14 Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

“This is yet more evidence that Bartonella bacteria cause chronic intravascular infections in people with otherwise normal immune systems, infections that can span a decade or more,” Breitschwerdt says. “Also this new evidence supports the potential of trans-placental infection and raises the possibility that maternal infection with these bacteria might also cause birth defects.”

The Department of Clinical Sciences is part of NC State’s College of Veterinary Medicine. Dr. Breitschwerdt is also an adjunct professor of medicine at Duke University Medical Center.

Note to editors: An abstract of the paper follows.

“Molecular evidence of perinatal transmission of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and B.henselae to a child”
Authors: Edward B. Breitschwerdt, Ricardo G. Maggi and Patricia E. Mascarelli, NC State University; Peter Farmer, Department of Pathology, North Shore University Hospital
Published: April 14, 2010 in Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Abstract:
Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, Bartonella henselae or DNA of both organisms was
amplified and sequenced from blood, enrichment blood cultures or autopsy tissues from four family members. Historical and microbiological results support perinatal transmission of Bartonella species in this family.

_________________

**Comment**

If it weren’t for the work of this singular man, we’d be clueless about the implications of Bartonella.  Heavily vested in finding answers due to his father’s death to Bartonella, Dr. Breitschwerdt is the only one currently looking at congenital transmission:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3044516/#!po=1.02041

What’s is going to take? How many more have to become infected before transmission studies on ALL implicated pathogens in Lyme/MSIDS are done?

We’ve known about Lyme for over 40 years and we still don’t have good studies looking at this very real issue of sexual and congenital transmission.  Only one study on sexual transmission done in 2014 showed the Lyme organism in semen and vaginal secretions, but the medical world sniffed and rolled over in bed.  Nothing’s been done since.

Why?

As to congenital transmission (mother to baby), Canada recognizes it, but the U.S. still doesn’t: https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/10/05/canada-acknowledges-maternal-fetal-transmission-of-lyme-disease/  There’s 33 years of documentation gathered by a ticked off Canadian mom who happens to be a nurse: https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/19/33-years-of-documentation-of-maternal-child-transmission-of-lyme-disease-and-congenital-lyme-borreliosis-a-review/

I guess more moms have to get ticked off before something changes in Lyme-land. Frankly, if it weren’t for moms, we wouldn’t even know Lyme exists.

We need these transmission studies done on each and EVERY single organism implicated with Lyme/MSIDS.  We can talk tick prevention all the day long until we are blue in the face, but what if you can contract Lyme/MSIDS through a variety of means? Many say we can:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/04/02/transmission-of-lyme-disease-lida-mattman-phd/

http://www.endowmentmed.org/pdf/endowmentupdatelymes2.pdf  In 1995 Dr. Mattman obtained positive cultures for Bb from 43 of 47 chronically ill people. She also recovered Bb spirochetes from 8 out of 8 Parkinson patients, 41 cases of multiple scierosis (MS), 21 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and ALL tested cases of Alzheimer’s.

But what do I know?  I’m just a crazy gray-hair.

More on Bartonella:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/01/03/bartonella-treatment/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/04/24/human-bartonellosis-an-underappreciated-public-health-problem/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/03/24/cat-scratch-disease-caused-teens-schizophrenia-like-symptoms-report-says/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/04/08/case-series-bartonella-ocular-manifestations/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/03/02/skin-inflammation-nodules-letting-the-cat-out-of-the-bag/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/01/02/bartonella-langerhans-cell-histiocytosis-cancer/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/11/10/neurological-presentations-of-bartonella-henselae-infection/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/01/04/endocarditis-consider-bartonella/

 

 

Category:

Bartonella, research, Ticks, Transmission

Good News For Bartonella Patients: Identification of FDA-Approved Drugs With Higher Activity Than Current Front-line Drugs

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/31035691/

Identification of FDA-Approved Drugs with Activity against Stationary Phase Bartonella henselae.

Li T, et al. Antibiotics (Basel). 2019.

Abstract

Bartonella henselae can cause various infections in humans, ranging from benign and self-limiting diseases to severe and life-threatening diseases as well as persistent infections that are difficult to treat. To develop more effective treatments for persistent Bartonella infections, in this study, we performed a high-throughput screen of an FDA-approved drug library against stationary phase B. henselae using the SYBR Green I/propidium iodide (PI) viability assay. We identified 110 drug candidates that had better activity against stationary phase B. henselae than ciprofloxacin, and among the top 52 drug candidates tested, 41 drugs were confirmed by microscopy to have higher activity than the current frontline antibiotic erythromycin.

The identified top drug candidates include:

  • pyrvinium pamoate
  • daptomycin
  • methylene blue
  • zole drugs (clotrimazole, miconazole, sulconazole, econazole, oxiconazole, butoconazole, bifonazole)
  • aminoglycosides (gentamicin and streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin)
  • amifostine (Ethyol)
  • antiviral Lopinavir/ritonavir
  • colistin
  • nitroxoline
  • nitrofurantoin
  • verteporfin
  • pentamidine
  • berberine
  • aprepitant
  • olsalazine
  • clinafloxacin
  • clofoctol

Pyrvinium pamoate, daptomycin, methylene blue, clotrimazole, and gentamicin and streptomycin at their respective maximum drug concentration in serum (Cmax) had the capacity to completely eradicate stationary phase B. henselae after 3-day drug exposure in subculture studies.

While the currently used drugs for treating bartonellosis, including rifampin, erythromycin, azithromycin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin, had very low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against growing B. henselae, they had relatively poor activity against stationary phase B. henselae, except aminoglycosides.

The identified FDA-approved agents with activity against stationary phase B. henselae should facilitate development of more effective treatments for persistent Bartonella infections.

_________________

**Comment**

I am convinced that Bartonella is a much bigger player in Lyme/MSIDS than we are being led to believe. Just type Bartonella into the search bar on this website and you will see what I mean.  It’s everywhere, and people without cat exposure who are perfectly healthy are getting it. 

And it with Lyme and it’s a, “one, two, punch, you are out!”

I’m so thankful to see this work being done on drug effectiveness as it is desperately needed.

Interesting personal side-note: when we relapse it is Bartonella symptoms. Recently, I’ve relapsed twice while my husband didn’t.  Guess what he just started taking that I’m not?  Berberine for thick blood.  Berberine is one of the substances listed above.  Bizzarely, Berberine comes from the woody part of the Barberry plant – the thorny, invasive shrub that ticks love to live under. Now if that isn’t Ironic, I don’t know what is.  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/01/20/manage-barberry-lower-ticks/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2015/09/30/barberry-friend-or-foe/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/27/lyme-wars-part-4/  Excerpt:

Barberry has a stronger form of Berberine, according to some experts, than what’s found in Goldenseal, Coptis, or golden thread and the Oregon Grape and is used in both Indian and Chinese medicine.  Master herbalist, Steven Buhner states it is active against a large number of resistant bacteria and numerous strains of Mycoplasma, a common coinfection of Lyme.

Berberine is a chemical found in several plants including European barberry, goldenseal, goldthread, Oregon grape, phellodendron, and tree turmeric: https://www.verywellhealth.com/barberry-berberis-vulgaris-what-you-need-to-know-89546

Do not take Berberine without discussing it with your pracitioner.  There are contraindications.

Seems it does many things:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/04/05/study-shows-berberine-induces-cell-death-in-leukemia/

 

 

 

Category:

Bartonella, research, Treatment