Archive for the ‘research’ Category

Can Lyme Disease Cause Jaundice?

https://danielcameronmd.com/can-lyme-disease-cause-jaundice/

CAN LYME DISEASE CAUSE JAUNDICE?

can lyme disease cause jaundice

Gastrointestinal complications are often seen in Lyme disease. But hyperbilirubinemia, a condition that causes yellow discoloration of the eyes and skin, referred to as jaundice, is a rare manifestation of Lyme disease. Only a handful of cases have been reported in the literature.

Two recently published case reports address the question: Can Lyme disease cause jaundice?  While it is uncommon, the authors conclude, hyperbilirubinemia can be a sign of Lyme disease, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with severe jaundice and exposure to areas endemic for Lyme disease. 1,2 

39-year-old man with fever and jaundice 

Ahmed and colleagues describe the case of a 39-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with febrile jaundice and diffuse arthralgia.¹ He also had a fever, nausea, headaches, and a dry cough for several days.

“His serum metabolic panel was unremarkable, except for elevated total bilirubin and creatinine,” the authors write, and “common causes of hyperbilirubinemia such as hepatitis A, B, and, C were negative.”

The man did not recall a tick bite but had recently traveled to Connecticut, USA, an area endemic for Lyme disease.

“Although hyperbilirubinemia is rare in Lyme disease, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with severe jaundice and a recent history of travel,” writes Ahmed.

Doctors presumed that Lyme disease might be causing jaundice in their patient. He was started empirically on doxycycline. When Western blot test results returned, Lyme disease was confirmed and the man continued on doxycycline for treatment.

While it is rare, Ahmed et al. conclude that Lyme disease can, in fact, cause jaundice. “Lyme disease should be considered for any patient with severe jaundice, significantly in those patients who are at risk of severe infection and have recently traveled to an endemic area, regardless of the presence of a rash.”

23-year-old camper with severe jaundice 

Meanwhile, Baig et al. describe a 23-year-old man who presented to the hospital with severe jaundice, a fever of 102.02°F and diffuse arthralgia.

“He was also told he had yellowing of his eyes and skin, which prompted his visit to the Emergency Department,” Baig writes in the case report “Severe Hyperbilirubinemia: A Rare Complication of Lyme Disease.” 2 

When all other etiologies were ruled out, the man was started on empirical doxycycline for presumed Lyme disease, which doctors believed was causing jaundice.

“Serum screening tests were predominantly negative except for a positive ELISA screen for Lyme disease, which was subsequently confirmed by Western blot,” the authors write.

As treatment on doxycycline continued, the man’s bilirubin levels steadily declined.

The authors suggest:

“Lyme disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia, particularly in patients who are at risk of severe infection and end organ damage and are living in an endemic area or have recently traveled to an endemic area, regardless of the presence of a rash.”

References:
  1. Ahmed Z, Ur Rehman A, Awais A, Hanan A, Ahmad S. Lyme Disease and Severe Hyperbilirubinemia: A Rare Presentation of Lyme Disease. Cureus. 2020;12(5):e8363. Published 2020 May 30. doi:10.7759/cureus.8363
  2. Baig M, Zheng L, Farmer A. Severe Hyperbilirubinemia: A Rare Complication of Lyme Disease. Case Rep Gastrointest Med. 2019;2019:2762389. Published 2019 Dec 24. doi:10.1155/2019/2762389

 

Outdoor Warning: Ticks, Lyme Disease and 3 Poisonous Plants Increasing in Alabama

https://www.wsfa.com/2020/08/07/outdoor-warning-ticks-lyme-disease-poisonous-plants-increasing-alabama/

Outdoor warning: ticks, Lyme disease and 3 poisonous plants increasing in Alabama

The hotter and increasingly humid springs and summers are supporting a changing ecosystem
Outdoor warning: ticks, Lyme disease and 3 poisonous plants increasing in Alabama
The life stages of a blacklegged tick. (Source: WSFA 12 News/CDC)

MONTGOMERY, Ala. (WSFA) – We all know it’s very warm to simply miserably hot and humid for what seems like at least 6 months a year here in Alabama. Unfortunately, that is the perfect recipe for ticks, tick-related illnesses and poisonous plant growth.

But the number of ticks and poisonous plants has and will likely continue to rise across the state as our seasons continue to get warmer and more humid. Not only that, but the danger factor associated with both ticks and poisonous plants is also rising. That is according to scientists at Climate Central, an independent organization of scientists and journalists researching and reporting on the changing climate and its impact on the public.  (See link for article)

____________________

**Comment**

Important quote:  

Three of the most common tick-related diseases in Alabama are Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, ehrlichiosis and Lyme disease. According to data from UAB, total cases in Alabama for each of them have jumped rather significantly. For example, during that 8-year span Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever cases increased by a staggering 500%.

I’m glad this information is becoming available because those in the South have fought for decades to be recognized by doctors who diagnose people solely by looking at a map.  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/31/no-lyme-in-the-south-guess-again/

Correction:  Ticks are impervious to the weather.

So whatever your beliefs about global warming are – ticks simply don’t care.  They will find leaf litter or snow to hide under and come out when they darn well want to.  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/11/07/ticks-on-the-move-due-to-migrating-birds-and-photoperiod-not-climate-change/

What is important about this line of inquiry is that similarly to a magician’s trick to distract you from looking at what they are doing, our ‘authorities’ are experts at distracting from the important issues surrounding Lyme/MSIDS.  One of the most foundational issues surrounding this plague is our own governments’ involvement in it:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/07/22/house-passes-chris-smith-measure-to-probe-if-government-turned-ticks-into-bioweapons/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/07/19/biological-warfare-experiment-on-american-citizens-results-in-spreading-pandemic/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/07/31/tick-expert-admits-to-working-on-ticks-dropping-them-out-of-airplanes/

Our ‘authorities’ are only too happy to get side-tracked with climate data rather than come clean on their involvement.  Dr. Fauci, the king on the NIAID throne since 1984 (interesting year, huh?), decides who gets government funding for research.  Through his position he can control the narrative and in the case of Lyme/MSIDS, he wants to continue to pigeon-hole it into an easily defined illness they can create lucrative tests, drugs, and vaccines for.  This is what they do.  They own medicine and science and are completely in bed with Big Pharma.  If you defy this accepted narrative, they will hunt you down and make your life miserable.  Many Lyme doctors have gone through this trial by fire.

Recently I posted an article about how the House just approved increased funding for Lyme:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/08/02/house-approves-increased-funding-for-lyme-im-not-impressed-please-contact-congressman-pallone/

This money, unless it is watch-dogged, will end up like all the money in the past: lining the pockets of The Cabal who have clear conflicts of interest and extreme bias against Lyme patients.

This was recently seen in the TBDWG quite recently:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/07/18/dr-walker-at-tbdwg-meeting-sick-patients-who-want-to-get-treated-believe-in-persistent-lyme-like-a-religion/

In essence, Walker like most on the group seriously think we believe we are ill, and if we would believe differently we would no longer be ill.

Please go into the link and contact Congressman Pallone and express that until a public hearing is held on the way Lyme has been handled (the gory back-story in full) we do not want another dime of tax-payer money going to HHS.  They need to know we are tired of their games getting us no where on our nickel.  They need to cease and desist until the truth is aired and doctors, researchers, and patients outside The Cabal are heard.  Also, contact your own representative and educate them on this so they are better equipped to make decisions.

Subacute Transverse Myelitis Caused by Borrelia Infection

https://danielcameronmd.com/subacute-transverse-myelitis/

SUBACUTE TRANSVERSE MYELITIS CAUSED BY BORRELIA INFECTION

woman with subacute transverse myelitis getting eye exam

Lyme neuroborreliosis can manifest as encephalitis or acute/subacute transverse myelitis. Only a handful of subacute transverse myelitis cases have been reported in the literature. In their article, “Subacute transverse myelitis with optic symptoms in neuroborreliosis: a case report,” Opielka et al. describe one of the few cases of subacute transverse myelitis (SaTM) associated with Lyme neuroborreliosis and involving the optic nerve.

Subacute transverse myelitis is a neurologic syndrome caused by inflammation of the spinal cord.  It can be caused by various infections, including Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria causing Lyme disease. Immune system disorders, vascular and other inflammatory disorders can also trigger the condition which damages or destroys myelin, an insulating substance that surrounds nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. ¹

It’s estimated that “transverse myelitis with infectious or parainfectious etiology accounts for 12%” of all cases, writes Opielka. Borrelia burgdorferi is one of the infectious agents known to trigger the disease. But in 40% of the cases, the cause is unknown.

Typical symptoms associated with transverse myelitis include bilateral or unilateral limb weakness, sensory disturbances, and disruption of the autonomic system. Approximately 1 in 3 patients with transverse myelitis report having a febrile illness around the onset of neurologic symptoms.

Diagnostically challenging case

The authors describe the case of a 23-year-old woman, ² who was admitted to the hospital due to hand tremors and paresthesia (burning or prickling sensation) which extended to her forearms. She did not, however, exhibit upper arm weakness.

The woman also had severe pain in the mid-cervical region and for 3 months prior, had suffered from nausea and vertigo.

Lyme neuroborreliosis presents as subacute transverse myelitis. CLICK TO TWEETShe experienced transient periods of double vision when looking at distant objects. And reportedly had a fever which lasted for 2 days several months prior to her hospital admission. She did not recall a tick bite.

“The clinical presentation of our patient was diagnostically challenging,” the authors write.

“The only indicator of a possible tick bite was an episode of raised temperature, followed by symptoms of neck stiffness and pain reported by the patient.” Furthermore, a long period of time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and hospitalization.

Tests indicate elevated intracranial pressure

Tests revealed the patient had bilateral papilloedema (optic disc swelling caused by increased intracranial pressure) and bilateral diffuse thickening of the retinal fiber nerve layer in all quadrants.

“Blurred optic margins and several flame-like peripapillary hemorrhages were observed in both eyes,” as well, writes Opielka.

Based on nerve conduction study findings, “radiculopathy of nerve roots of both peroneal nerves and the right median nerve was diagnosed. Furthermore, sensory neuropathy of both sural nerves and the right median nerve was also detected,” the authors write.

Routine blood tests were normal, but Western blot tests for Lyme disease were positive.

MRI results indicated the patient had “longitudinally extensive (> 3 segments) enlargement of the spinal cord mostly visible from C3 to C6/C7 level.”

Images also showed a hyperintense, spindle-like lesion in the central part of the spinal cord.

“An MRI of the optic nerve disclosed bilateral protrusion of the optic nerve heads, slight vertical tortuosity of both optic nerves, and bilateral hyperintense perioptic nerve sheath,” the authors explain.

“Together these signs could indicate elevated intracranial pressure,” writes Opielka.

Lyme infection triggers subacute transverse myelitis

Meanwhile, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) tests detected antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). “The titers of anti-Bb IgM and IgG antibodies were significantly increased,” the authors write.

The woman was diagnosed with subacute transverse myelitis due to Borrelia burgdorferi infection. She received a 28-day course of intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone and her symptoms completely resolved.

“Our patient presented typical manifestations of [subacute transverse myelitis] SaTM with segmental swelling and enlargement of the spinal cord,” the authors write.

Additionally, she displayed another rare and frequently overlooked aspect of Lyme neuroborreliosis – optic nerve involvement.

Conclusion

“It is essential to consider [subacute transverse myelitis] SaTM when diagnosing [Lyme neuroborreliosis] LNB, especially in the endemic regions,” the authors conclude.

“Moreover, symptoms associated with optic nerve should also be considered when diagnosing patients with [Lyme neuroborreliosis] LNB.”

References:
  1. Walid MS, Ajjan M, Ulm AJ. Subacute transverse myelitis with Lyme profile dissociation. Ger Med Sci. 2008;6:Doc04. Published 2008 Jun 10.
  2. Opielka, M., Opielka, W., Sobocki, B.K. et al. Subacute transverse myelitis with optic symptoms in neuroborreliosis: a case report. BMC Neurol 20, 244 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-020-01816-y

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**Comment**

So thankful Dr. Cameron does these posts.

As you have seen from many of my recent posts our ‘authorities’ like Dr. Fauci push the idea of ‘Big Science’ which is large, placebo controlled double-blind studies.  Lyme/MSIDS has extremely few of those, but we do have many, many case studies.  These are not taken seriously by mainstream medicine but the information is out there for us to learn from.  When MSM finally accepts that this complex illness looks differently on everyone, perhaps they will begin accepting these smaller studies.

When I read this I couldn’t help thinking that few things cause spine stiffness, pain, and swelling but these symptoms are hallmark for Lyme disease.  I remember being barely able to twist my back to reverse my car.  The pain was excruciating.  Same with my neck which bothers me to this day and may never go back to normal.  Tremors, burning and prickling sensations are also hallmark symptoms.

The interesting thing about the cervical region, where the woman had extreme pain as well as nausea and vertigo, is that the vertebrae there differ from those in the rest of the spine in that each has openings to transport blood to the brain.  C1, also called the Atlas vertebra, supports the weight of the head.  Personally, I’ve had a lot of body work done in this area due to ongoing pain and stiffness.

Chiropractors who specialize and have a lot of extra training in this area are called Upper Cervical Chiropractors and are connected with NUCCA:  https://nucca.org It is quite different from standard chiropractic and involves no popping, twisting, or cracking. I also have trouble with my hips and by adjusting the atlas bone, my body self-adjusts all the way down eliminating my hip pain as well.  My entire family has benefitted from this treatment for different issues.  If you struggle with your neck and spine you should consider this treatment.

I’ve heard from many experienced and reputable doctors that Lyme loves the eyes:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/04/15/rare-case-of-optic-neuropathy-caused-by-lyme-disease/

Lastly, I posted this some time ago for chiropractors as they may be who an undiagnosed or misdiagnosed patient sees first:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/09/rheumatological-presentation-of-bartonella-koehlerae-henselae-a-case-report-chiropractors-please-read/  Although this is about a Bartonella infection, similar things can happen with Lyme and other coinfections.  Many patients are diagnosed by chiropractors and naturopaths who have an experienced eye and put two and two together.

Excerpt:

Please note the joint popping with each articulation and continual joint subluxation issue.  

Chiropractors need to be told about this.  Please educate!  Send them this article.

 

‘Authorities’ Exposed By How They Treat COVID-19 vs Lyme Disease

https://www.change.org/p/the-us-senate-calling-for-a-congressional-investigation-of-the-cdc-idsa-and-aldf/u/27531835?

2nd letter published in the BMJ

AUG 16, 2020 — 

Please see the letter below addressed to the Tick-Borne Disease working Group……

———- Original Message ———-

From: CARL TUTTLE <runagain@comcast.net>
To: “tickbornedisease@hhs.gov” <tickbornedisease@hhs.gov>
Cc: (98 Undisclosed recipients)
Subject: Carl Tuttle’s 2nd letter published in the BMJ

To the Tick-Borne Disease Working Group,

Please see the letter below in response to a misleading, over-simplified article on Lyme disease published in the BMJ:

Tick bite

BMJ 2020; 370 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3029 (Published 13 August 2020) Cite this as: BMJ 2020;370:m3029

Rapid Response:

Re: Tick bite

Dear Editor

In reference to the following statement from the “Tick bite” paper:
“…most tick bites are harmless and do not transmit Lyme disease. Apart from in high risk areas, most ticks (=85%) are not infected. In Europe, including the UK, between 5% and 40% of ticks may be infected.1 Only 2-3% of people with a tick bite develop Lyme disease.”

This is like playing Russian roulette with one’s health…. five of the chambers in a six shooter do not contain a projectile (83%). So no big deal… everyone should play the game!

Patient testimony all across the United States and (the globe) is describing a disease that is destroying lives, ending careers while leaving its victim in financial ruin. [1]

Is this publication a continuation of a racketeering scheme to downplay the severity of Lyme disease? [2]

Patients who miss the narrow window of opportunity for successful short-term treatment (due to a false negative serologic test, missing bulls-eye rash, misdiagnosis, etc. etc.) advance to late stage debilitating neurologic Lyme and are left to fend for themselves and are often told that they need a psychiatric evaluation.

Question: What was the motivation for this paper on tick-borne Lyme disease?

Respectfully Submitted,
Carl Tuttle

References: [please read them]

1. 1100 Page Comment File from the Change.org petition calling for a congressional investigation into the mishandling of Lyme disease (personal Dropbox storage area)
https://www.dropbox.com/s/u01uifxi4ni71hv/petition_comments_June%2010%20

93,000 signatures from across America and twenty additional countries. Please open that PDF and read the comments.
2. Rapid Response: The BMJ
Re: Lyme borreliosis: diagnosis and management
https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1041/rr-1
_______________________________________________________
Follow-up letter to the Editor-in-Chief of the BMJ
———- Original Message ———-

From: CARL TUTTLE runagain@comcast.net
To: “fgodlee@bmj.com” fgodlee@bmj.com
Cc: (coauthors of the “tick bite” paper)
Date: 08/15/2020 9:20 AM
Subject: Inquiry to Dr. Godlee

Dear Dr. Godlee,

The fixation on the acute stage of Lyme disease with bulls-eye rash and early treatment has long been established here in America. Avoidance of the horribly disabled Lyme patient population and suppression of persistent infection after extensive antibiotic treatment is the established modus operandi of the academics who have controlled the Lyme disease narrative for the past thirty years. As mentioned in my previous letter to the editor, ( published on June 10, 2020) these academics are now defendants in a racketeering lawsuit in Texas District Court.

Focusing on the acute stage of disease gives the illusion that Lyme is a simple nuisance disease but it is well known that strep throat left untreated progresses to rheumatic fever causing irreversible heart damage.

So, what happens to the Lyme patient who goes months, years or decades without treatment because of a “false negative serologic test, missing bulls-eye rash, misdiagnosis, etc. etc”?

The consequences of untreated Lyme disease are not emphasized in the Razai paper but Lyme left untreated can lead to horrible disability.

For example:

1. A 1993 hearing in Washington was chaired by Senator Ted Kennedy where fourteen-year-old Lyme patient Evan White testified while in a wheelchair.
NEWS: Former patient who testified as a child about Lyme disease recalls encounter with Sen. Ted Kennedy
https://www.lymedisease.org/186/

Excerpt:

“No one could hear or feel the moment of that child and not be moved,” Kennedy explained to the [Boston] Globe at the time. Anyone who wasn’t moved, he said, “hasn’t got a heart.”

Based on the summary below it appears that it took years of antibiotics, not weeks to treat Evan’s disability.  Had he not met Dr. Joseph Burrascano, Evan would have been a burden on the Social Security program today through “therapeutic nihilism.”  [1]

Late Neurologic Lyme Is Reversible: Evan White

Post by CaliforniaLyme » Wed 31 Oct 2007 16:46
https://www.lymeneteurope.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=147

2. Wheelchair-Bound Girl Calls Blessing By Pope Francis ‘Most Precious Moment Of My Life’ 
http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2015/09/24/pope-francis-blesses-girl-in-wheelchair/

NEW YORK (CBSNewYork) — A 12-year-old girl who has been confined to a wheelchair since being diagnosed with Lyme disease said meeting Pope Francis as he arrived in New York Thursday was “the most precious moment of my life.”

3. Nashua Mom in the ‘Lyme Light’ on Katie Couric Show
http://patch.com/new-hampshire/nashua/nashua-mom-talks-chronic-lyme-on-katie-couric-show

Fifth-grade teacher Kelly Downing was paralyzed from the neck down and interviewed by Katie Couric.

4. Professor Neil Spector: Duke physician uses near-death experience to encourage patient self-advocacy
http://www.dukechronicle.com/articles/2015/05/28/duke-physician-uses-near-death-experience-encourage-patient-self-advocacy#.VYlYnxtViko

Dr Neil Spector from Duke University required a heart transplant after his Lyme disease went undiagnosed for four years.

5. Cardiac Tropism of Borrelia burgdorferi: An Autopsy Study of Sudden Cardiac Death Associated with Lyme Carditis.(March 2016)
http://ajp.amjpathol.org/article/S0002-9440(16)00099-7/abstract

Excerpt:

“Fatal Lyme carditis caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi rarely is identified. Here, we describe the pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings of five case patients.”

6. CDC Case Study #1: Three Sudden Cardiac Deaths Associated with LymeCarditis: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6249a1.htm?s_cid=mm6249a1_w

7. CDC Case Study #2: A case report of a 17-year old male with fatal Lyme carditis
http://www.cardiovascularpathology.com/article/S1054-8807(15)00025-3/abstract?rss=yes

8. Infection by Borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (Cancer)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9331890

Specific DNA sequences of Borrelia burgdorferi were identified in cutaneous lesions from 9 patients (follicle center lymphoma: 3/20; immunocytoma: 3/4; marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: 2/20; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: 1/6).

Dr. Godlee,

I didn’t find any of these references in the Razai paper or references of persistent infection after extensive antibiotic treatment which as you know were omitted from the Kullberg paper.

So who are the peer reviewers of these two papers and what is the connection if any to the defendants of the racketeering lawsuit?

Respectfully submitted,

Carl Tuttle

Hudson, NH USA

Reference:

1. The twin traps of overtreatment and therapeutic nihilism in clinical practice
Sílvia Mamede ,  Henk G Schmidt
DOI:   10.1111/medu.12264

___________________

**Comment**

Please note the polar opposite way ‘authorities’ handle Lyme/MSIDS vs COVID.  It’s clearly known that the elderly population with co-morbidities are mostly at risk for COVID with a similar mortality rate as seasonal flu, yet the world is stopped, faces are covered, and the media is whipped up into a frenzy spreading daily fear porn.

Versus

Lyme/MSIDS which is growing exponentially everywhere, many are not getting well after standard treatment, and it’s becoming more widely known that Lyme is just the tip of the spear, with ticks transmitting much more than just Lyme.  Yet, funding for Lyme/MSIDS research is abysmal, nothing has changed in over 40 years, and the world is still waiting to hear the outcome of a racketeering lawsuit as well as an inquiry into our own government experimenting and dropping ticks out of airplanes.  Doctors are still woefully uneducated and hide behind ancient CDC dogma that hasn’t changed, despite new evidence.  The same corrupt players are doing the same biased research on our dime.

It’s crystal clear that there is much more at play than meets the eye because if you are going to use statistics, at least use the same logic, yet we are told 85% of ticks aren’t infected and not to worry (despite the fact ticks are being found in areas they shouldn’t be, full of pathogens they shouldn’t have) yet it’s known that 81% of us can mount a strong response to COVID-19 without ever having been exposed to it before.  It’s also known that 80% of people with COVID are mildly ill.  We also know that up to 80% are asymptomatic – meaning they have ZERO symptoms.

The question begging to be asked is why are these 80% figures being treated completely differently.  With ticks we are told, “Don’t worry, be happy,” yet when it comes to COVID, we are told “cover your face, don’t leave your house, shutter your business, keep kids home from school, and wash your hands repeatedly,” ad nauseum.

Something doesn’t smell right.  Time to speak up about this disparity.

Robust T Cell Immunity in Convalescent Individuals With Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)31008-4

Robust T cell immunity in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19

,

Highlights

  • 1.Acute phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells display an activated cytotoxic phenotype
  • 2.Broad and polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in convalescent phase
  • 3.Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses also in seronegative individuals

Summary

SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells will likely prove critical for long-term immune protection against COVID-19. We here systematically mapped the functional and phenotypic landscape of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in unexposed individuals, exposed family members, and individuals with acute or convalescent COVID-19.
  • Acute phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells displayed a highly activated cytotoxic phenotype that correlated with various clinical markers of disease severity, whereas convalescent phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were polyfunctional and displayed a stem-like memory phenotype.
  • Importantly, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detectable in antibody-seronegative exposed family members and convalescent individuals with a history of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19.
Our collective dataset shows that SARS-CoV-2 elicits robust, broad and highly functional memory T cell responses, suggesting that natural exposure or infection may prevent recurrent episodes of severe COVID-19.

____________________

**Comment**

While mainstream media keeps peddling its version of truth and that the asymptomatic are demons from hell spreading disease like wildfire, more and more keeps coming out on the body’s amazing innate ability to fight disease.  This work right here shows the body inoculates itself – no need for a vaccine at all if we are allowed to move freely, allowing our bodies to be exposed.

A great example showing lockdowns are counter productive to the healthy population.

I posted about similar work in July:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/07/13/pre-existing-immunity-to-sars-cov-2-the-knowns-and-unknowns/

Excerpt:

lymphocytes from 20–50% of unexposed donors display significant reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigen peptide pools1,2,3,4.

In conclusion, it is now established that SARS-CoV-2 pre-existing immune reactivity exists to some degree in the general population.

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/06/06/lockdown-lunacy-the-thinking-persons-guide/