The Lyme Puzzle: Interview With Professor Nicole Baumgarth

August 2, 2023

https://podcast.tickbootcamp.com/episode/8bc4afa1/the-lyme-puzzle-an-interview-with-professor-nicole-baumgarth

Episode 364: The Lyme Puzzle – an interview with Professor Nicole Baumgarth

July, 2023

Introduction

  • In this episode of Tick Boot Camp, our hosts Matt Sabatello and Rich Johannesen had the opportunity to talk with the remarkable Professor Nicole Baumgarth, director of the Lyme and Tick-Borne Diseases Institute at Johns Hopkins University. Baumgarth brings a unique interdisciplinary background in veterinary medicine, immunology, microbiology, and pathology offering fresh insights into the complex world of Lyme disease and tick-borne illnesses.

Lyme Disease Research

  • Baumgarth and her team are investigating why we don’t mount an effective adaptive immune response to Lyme as we do with influenza (the flu).
  • She reveals their interesting finding about how Borrelia may alter the host’s gut microbiome to enhance its survival.
  • Baumgarth and her team are currently investigating why macrophages, immune cells that gobble up pathogens outside of our cells, don’t eat up Lyme bacteria as they do with other bacteria and viruses.
  • They are also investigating the impact Lyme has on obliterating our lymph nodes, which are critical agents in receiving signals from our body and mounting a specified immune response with targeted B cells and T cells against things like Lyme disease, as well as deploying long term memory immune cells and plasma cells which would give us long-term immunity to Lyme.
  • The Lyme and Tick-Borne Diseases Institute is focusing on investigating why mice get infected with Lyme, the infection persists, yet they never get sick from the infection.
  • If the team can identify human immune system deficits causing any of the above, they could identify immune therapies to overcome these shortcomings and treat all stages of Lyme disease.
  • Baumgarth and her team are also looking into the impact of tick-borne co-infections. They argue that it’s critical to study these diseases together rather than in isolation.

Autoimmune Responses and Lyme Disease

  • Professor Baumgarth suggests that Lyme disease may cause an autoimmune response, which can be particularly concerning for those with genetic predispositions to autoimmunity.
  • She cites several studies, both in the human model and mouse model, proving that Lyme disease creates an unnecessary increase in other antibodies from our immune system that aren’t Lyme-related, resulting in an autoimmunity phenomenon, increased inflammation, and potential immune system burnout.

Understanding Lyme Disease: A Veterinary Perspective

  • Professor Baumgarth’s veterinary background has allowed her to approach Lyme disease from a macro perspective. She emphasizes that Lyme, being a zoonotic disease, is fundamentally an infection that moves from animals to humans.
  • Lyme disease is often a natural infection in animals such as small rodents and birds, where ticks can bite them and transmit the disease.

Investigating the Human Immune Response to Lyme Disease

  • Our hosts discuss how humans’ immune responses to Lyme vary significantly. Some people are bitten by ticks multiple times without falling ill, while others suffer from chronic Lyme after just one bite.
  • This discrepancy might be due to factors such as genetic predispositions, environmental stresses, or an individual’s microbial load.

The Complexity of Eradicating Lyme

  • Eliminating Lyme is not as simple as wiping out a certain animal species, as the bacteria Borrelia can infect a variety of different rodents and even birds.
  • Borrelia is a complex bacterium that replicates slowly and requires a tick to infect a host. It’s constantly evolving and it’s not a simple task to eradicate Lyme from our ecology.

The Role of Antibiotics and Their Impact

  • Despite their potential long-term impact on our immune response, antibiotics are currently the most common form of treatment as soon as Lyme disease is diagnosed. Professor Baumgarth emphasizes a variety of risks when using antibiotics to treat Lyme disease.
  • While antibiotics can help in the short term, their effect on our long-term immunity to future infections is still unclear and Professor Baumgarth strongly warns against prolonged use of antibiotics.

Final Thoughts

  • Baumgarth is hopeful about the future of Lyme disease research. Despite the challenges and controversies, she believes that continued progress is possible with dedicated research and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Episode Wrap-up

  • Professor Nicole Baumgarth’s interview provides an enlightening look into the intricate world of Lyme disease and its complex interaction with our immune system. Her unique veterinary perspective coupled with her background in immunology, microbiology, and pathology as well as her research findings shed light on the challenges we face and offer hope for future breakthroughs in the fight against Lyme and tick-borne diseases.

__________________

**Comment**

My husband and I probably would not be on planet earth without long-term antibiotics so I’m glad this researcher didn’t treat us.  She’s just touting the safe narrative that is expected of academics working in research institutions that get their bread and butter from government grants with many strings attached, controlled by agencies that are completely corrupt.

Nobody denies the risk of prolonged use of antibiotics; however, Lyme/MSIDS can kill you in a myriad of ways.  This never seems to be discussed in the same sentence as prolonged antibiotics.  We would all love a safe, effective, affordable treatment.  Why aren’t researchers looking into this?  I’ll answer you: there’s no money in it, and it doesn’t fit with their narrative for a lucrative cash cow in a Lyme “vaccine.”  

It’s easy to be an arm-chair quarterback when it isn’t your neck on the chopping block.  All I can say is, whatever your opinions are about antibiotics before contracting Lyme/MSIDS, I guarantee they will change as you trod this pot-holed riddled, devastating path.  I hadn’t used antibiotics for 20 years before becoming infected.  I would use ANYTHING but antibiotics.  After I got infected I literally bathed in them for years.  I’m not proud of this, but they worked for both my husband and I, and many others.

It takes savvy to treat this complex illness and while anti-microbials are a MUST, there are many other important treatments required.  Please see the first link below for many treatments that experienced LLMDs have used with success.

For more:

Category:

Lyme, research, Treatment

Comments Off on The Lyme Puzzle: Interview With Professor Nicole Baumgarth

NIH Funds PTLDS Research: More Deception?

https://www.change.org/p/the-us-senate-calling-for-a-congressional-investigation-of-the-cdc-idsa-and-aldf/

NIH awards will fund Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome research

Carl Tuttle

Hudson, NH, United States

JUL 31, 2023 — 

We are DONE with the JUNK SCIENCE previously financed by the CDC and NIH. Is this yet another deceptive attempt to avoid chronic Lyme disease and make it look as if our public health officials are listening to the disabled Lyme patient community?

Before we start focusing on persistent symptoms, we need to first rule out ongoing infection/co-infections and understand how Lyme disease disables its victim.  Then we need find a cure for all stages of disease.

It is time we get on the bandwagon here and make sure this is not another big waist of time and taxpayer dollars. Please contact Dr. Hugh Auchincloss, Acting NIAID Director and respectfully demand an answer to my inquiry below:

Contact info:

Dr. Hugh Auchincloss    Hugh.Auchincloss@nih.hhs.gov
Sherri DePollar Staff Assistant  Sherri.Depollar@nih.hhs.gov

Image of Dr. Auchincloss was found here:

https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/styles/image_style_33_width_xs/public/Auchincloss-Hugh.jpg?itok=35FyZGfW

Email to Dr. Auchincloss with Cc: to the five researchers receiving grants:

——— Original Message ———-
From: CARL TUTTLE <runagain@comcast.net>
To: “Hugh.Auchincloss@nih.hhs.gov” <Hugh.Auchincloss@nih.hhs.gov>
Cc: “bjutras@vt.edu” <bjutras@vt.edu>, “mtal@mit.edu” <mtal@mit.edu>, “linden.hu@tufts.edu” <linden.hu@tufts.edu>, “jaucott2@jhmi.edu” <jaucott2@jhmi.edu>, “nwoodbury@asu.edu” <nwoodbury@asu.edu>
Date: 07/30/2023 9:37 AM EDT
Subject: NIH awards will fund Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome research

NIH awards will fund Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome research
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-awards-will-fund-post-treatment-lyme-disease-syndrome-research

“The new NIAID awards for PTLDS, which will total approximately $3.2 million in first-year funding, will support work on possible causes of persistent PTLDS symptoms for five years.”

July 30, 2023

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
5601 Fishers Lane
Rockville, MD 20892
Attn: Hugh Auchincloss, M.D., Acting NIAID Director

Dear Dr. Auchincloss,

In reference to the five grants looking into “Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome,” what diagnostic methods are you recommending to rule out ongoing infection and or coinfection(s) with other tick-borne diseases in the Lyme disease patient population expected to be evaluated in these five studies?

This step is crucial as evidence of persistent infection despite the CDC’s claim that chronic Lyme does not exist has been suppressed for decades.

For example:

I would like to call attention to the following study recently identifying chronic Lyme disease in twelve patients from Canada.

1. Persistent Borrelia Infection in Patients with Ongoing Symptoms of Lyme Disease
http://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/6/2/33

All patients were culture positive for infection (genital secretions, skin and blood) even after multiple years on antibiotics so there was no relief from current antimicrobials. Some of these patients had taken as many as eleven different types of antibiotics.

2. In 1991 B. burgdorferi had been isolated in culture from Vicki Logan’s CSF (CDC’s laboratory in Fort Collins CO.) despite prior treatment with 21 days of IV cefotaxime and 4 months of oral minocycline as identified in the following letter to past CDC Director Barbara Fitzgerald: (culture report included)

Letter to CDC Director Barbara Fitzgerald (personal Dropbox storage area)
https://www.dropbox.com/s/xaul84dqmqgbre0/Brenda%20Fitzgerald%20MD%20Director%20CDC.docx?dl=0

3. Per the following 1995 publication, the patient received thirteen spinal taps, multiple courses of IV and oral meds, and relapsed after each one, proven by CSF antigens and/or PCR. The only way this patient (said to be a physician) remained in remission was to keep her on open ended clarithromycin- was on it for 22 months by the time of publication.

European Neurology 1995

Seronegative Chronic Relapsing Neuroborreliosis
https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/117104

Lawrence C., Lipton R.B., Lowy F.D., Coyle P.K.d

Abstract

We report an unusual patient with evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection who experienced repeated neurologic relapses despite aggressive antibiotic therapy. Each course of therapy was associated with a Jarisch-Herxheimer-like reaction. Although the patient never had detectable free antibodies to B. burgdorferi in serum or spinal fluid, the CSF was positive on multiple occasions for complexed anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies, B. burgdorferi nucleic acids and free antigen.

And then there is this recent announcement:

Paralyzed by Lyme, they were helped with combo treatments [long-term antibiotics]
https://www.lymedisease.org/remission-from-lyme-paralysis/

So once again Dr. Auchincloss I ask the question:

What diagnostic methods are you recommending to rule out ongoing infection and or coinfection(s) with other tick-borne diseases in the Lyme disease patient population expected to be evaluated in these five studies? (Or is this step strictly prohibited as a condition of accepting grant money from the NIH?)

Any study that does not rule out active infection is disingenuous.

A response to this serious inquiry is requested.

Respectfully submitted,
Carl Tuttle
Independent Researcher
Hudson, NH

Cc:
Brandon Jutras, Ph.D. Grant: 1 R01 AI178711-01
Michal Tal, Ph.D. Grant: 1 R01 AI178713-01
Linden Hu, M.D. Grant: 1 R01 AI178725-01
John Aucott, M.D. Grant: 1 R01 AI178726-01
Neal Woodbury, Ph.D. Grant: 1 R01 AI178727-01

________________

For more:

Category:

Activism, Lyme, Uncategorized

Comments Off on NIH Funds PTLDS Research: More Deception?

The Great COVID Charade: Biden Suspends Funding to Wuhan Lab As Secret Chinese-Linked Lab Discovered in CA: 20 Infectious Agents Found Including COVID & Malaria

August 1, 2023

https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/the-great-sars-cov-2-charade?

The Great SARS-CoV-2 Charade

The U.S. government continues to ignore the crucial role of American scientists, institutions, and companies in creating the virus that causes COVID-19.

PETER MCCULLOUGH, MD
MAY 21, 2023

By JOHN LEAKE

Author’s Note: The following is Chapter 1 in a four-part series about the true origin of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 illness. Chapters 2 and 3 have already been posted (see links below). Chapter 4: Ending the Great Charade/ A New Path to Truth & Justice, remains a work in progress.

Chapter 1: Background and Context

Chapter 2: Events Between 2015 and 2020

Chapter 3: Catastrophe, Coverup, and the Great Charade.

(See link for article)

________________

Go here to watch a brief blast from the past clip on why we can not trust anything this man says.

https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/biden-admin-suspends-funding-to-wuhan

Biden Admin. Suspends Funding to Wuhan Lab

The Great SARS-CoV-2 Charade quietly winds down.

JUL 19, 2023

By JOHN LEAK

Excerpt:

This morning a friend sent me a brief, rather muted report that was just published in the New York Times about the Biden Administration’s suspension of funding to the Wuhan Lab. I wasn’t surprised to see this, as it is consistent with how I suspect the U.S. government is going to handle the disaster—that is, take quiet steps to distance itself from the scientists who created the biotechnology, and from the Chinese laboratory that used and augmented it to create SARS-CoV-2.

The U.S. agencies that supported the development of the biotechnology—most notably USAID and the NIH—want the story to go away. Other institutions and people who participated in the cover-up—who insisted that the Lab Leak Hypothesis was a wild conspiracy theory—also want this story to go away.  (See link for article)

__________________

https://www.theblaze.com/news/secret-biotech-lab-california-covid

Secret Chinese-linked biotech lab uncovered in California with nearly 1,000 mice, 20 potentially infectious agents, COVID tests, and human blood

July 29, 2023
PAUL SACCA

Following a months-long investigation, local and federal officials uncovered a secret biotech lab with nearly 1,000 mice and 20 potentially infectious agents, according to authorities.

Fresno County authorities discovered an “unlicensed laboratory” inside a warehouse in Reedley, California. The secret lab was owned by Prestige BioTech – a company registered in Las Vegas, Nevada. Prestige BioTech claimed it moved assets to the warehouse from the now-defunct Universal Meditech Inc.

On March 3, a code enforcement officer reportedly noticed a garden hose attached and coming out of a wall in the back of the warehouse.

Reedley City Manager Nicole Zieba told KSEE, “Frankly, we knew that should not have been there and when she went to investigate, she found that there was activity or operation or something happening within that building.”

The Fresno County Public Health Department obtained search warrants and made the shocking discovery on March 16.

“Certain rooms of the warehouse were found to contain several vessels of liquid and various apparatus,” court documents stated. “Fresno County Public Health staff also observed blood, tissue and other bodily fluid samples and serums; and thousands of vials of unlabeled fluids and suspected biological material.”

(See link for article)

___________________

**Comment**

Why send money overseas when you can just send it down the street via U.S.P.S.?

According to Fresno County authorities, they found hundreds of mice bioengineered “to catch and carry the COVID-19 virus.”

Go here for Dr. Judy Mikovitz’s explanation of this mysterious lab. She first gives a history of her own take down by Dr. Fauci for discovering a mouse retrovirus in vaccines that cause chronic illness.  Dr. Mikovits says the company behind the biolab is not Chinese. The fact the lab is located next to a U.S. military base is nothing new and that the samples in the lab came from Reno, Nevada.

The FBI likely raided the lab to cover up and control the narrative.

A few points:

  • The medical industrial complex knows the public is now watching their every move and no longer trusts them.
  • Tony Fauci knew the blood supply was contaminated but called it “chronic lyme disease” instead.
  • Forces within the American government are responsible for biolabs located across the nation.
  • The biolab in Fresno was storing the cell lines that had been isolated from people with diseases like cancer and autism.
  • American taxpayer dollars have been used to create pathogens that have been released onto the public.
  • This was done to make the public life long customers of Big Pharma.

Another important point here is the discovery of malaria.  Please go here to learn how Spanish researchers point out that interstitial pneumonia & Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) are not causing the death of COVID patients, which proves why ventilators have killed up to 70% of patients. These patients are really suffering from disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) – a medical term for blood clotting causing a lack of oxygen.  The mRNA shots have also caused thrombocytopenia and microscopic blood clots that will build over time and explain the frightening clots embalmers are finding in the deceased who were “vaccinated,” as well as all the cases of myocarditis.

Guess what else causes hypercoagulation/thrombosis/blood clotting?  Yep.  Malaria.

This is why things like HCQ, zinc, aspirin, ivermectin, and azithromycin work.

Lyme/MSIDS patients, please take note here: Lyme and numerous coinfections can also also cause thrombosis, and Babesia is a cousin to malaria.

A criminal investigation by federal agents is ongoing.

Well, that makes me feel worlds better.

I’m sure the wolf will find the hen-house in perfect order.

Category:

Activism, research, Viruses

Comments Off on The Great COVID Charade: Biden Suspends Funding to Wuhan Lab As Secret Chinese-Linked Lab Discovered in CA: 20 Infectious Agents Found Including COVID & Malaria

German Study: “The Vaccination Was and Is a Disaster and Under No Circumstances Good” But New Head of CDC Pushes It Anyway

https://www-manova-news.translate.goog/artikel/die-kontrollgruppe?

The control group

Thanks to the unvaccinated people, a health comparison can be made between people with and without injections two and a half years after the start of the campaign.

Who is healthier: vaccinated or unvaccinated? In 2021, a team of scientists and citizens started work that vaccine manufacturers and the Paul Ehrlich Institute should have done. Results are available after two years of data collection.  Interview with the mathematician and data analyst Dr. Andrew Hoppe.

by Hendrik Sodenkamp
Friday, July 21, 2023
Excerpts from article:

Did the vaccinated get better or the unvaccinated?

Those who have been vaccinated have more and more severe complaints. The factor 2 in the overall complaint severity is a clear result. Twice as many and strong complaints, that’s quite a lot.

According to the available data, did the vaccination protect against Covid?

Ultimately not. We asked whether you had a symptomatic Sars-CoV-2 infection and in fact the number of complaints reported was higher in the control group, i.e. the unvaccinated, in 2021. In short: in 2021 there seemed to be some protection, at least in terms of the number of Covid diseases. In 2022, it got closer and closer, was then very close and finally turned around, so that vaccinated people contracted Covid 18 percent more often, and – this is shown even earlier – also more severely.

What were the differences?

The difference in persistent symptoms was even greater than in the severity of the symptoms. The severity of the persistent symptoms was 2.5 times higher in the vaccinated. We also asked if a doctor or therapist had diagnosed a new illness. And here, too, the number of vaccinated was around 2.5 times higher than that of the unvaccinated. Of course, the unvaccinated also had a number of ailments, but the really severe ailments are found in the vaccinated.

Was the vaccination – at least in some cases – beneficial to health?

The vaccination was and is a disaster and under no circumstances good: In all age groups, the vaccinated were worse off than the control groups.

Not even with the vulnerable, which we also interviewed.

What is the future of your study and the data?

We have completed the data collection – as planned – for the time being. Because we will probably not be able to present them in the form of studies and articles in specialist journals, we will process our considerations and findings in book form. This also offers the possibility of not having to concentrate solely on individual aspects, as is the case with articles in specialist journals. We are also considering continuing data collection. It is said that we are primarily concentrating on the question of infertility.

Editorial note: This text was published on July 1, 2023 in the 138th edition of the printed weekly newspaper Demokratischerwiderstand (DW) (4). Hendrik Sodenkamp asked the questions.

Sources and Notes:

(1) https://diekontrollegruppe.de/
(2) https://www.blautopf.net/index.php/politik/politik-corona/item/648-diekontrolle-gruppe-de-erste- Answers-auf-lange- asked-questions
(3) https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/Sentinel/Grippeweb/grippeweb_node.html
(4) https:// Demokratierwiderstand.de/

___________________

https://www.infowars.com/posts/new-biden-cdc-head-pushes-annual-covid-vaccines/

New Biden CDC Head Pushes Annual Covid Vaccines

by Steve Watson

July 31st 2023

“I was literally suspended from Twitter for predicting this”

The new Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Mandy Cohen has announced it is expected that COVID vaccines will become annual like flu shots, prompting critics to point out that they were suspended from social media for predicting the same thing two years ago.

Cohen, who become CDC Director at the start of the month told Spectrum News, “We’re just on the precipice of that, so I don’t want to get ahead of where our scientists are here and doing that evaluation work, but yes we anticipate that COVID will become similar to flu shots, where it is going to be you get your annual flu shot, and you get your annual COVID shot.”

“We’re not quite there yet, but stay tuned,” she continued, adding “I think within the next couple of weeks, month we’re going to hear more from our experts on COVID shots.”

(See link for article)

__________________

**Comment**

The New York Post cited videos showing Cohen “gloating about implementing COVID lockdowns, inconsistently following her own mitigation guidelines and forcing public schools to have students masked indoors regardless of vaccination status.”

“She was on the wrong side of every pandemic public health intervention, failed to recognize early therapeutics and natural immunity, and to date has not acknowledged the safety disaster unfolding with the COVID-19 mass, indiscriminate, vaccination program.” ~ Dr. Peter McCullough

After her stint leading North Carolina’s Department of Human Health Services, she became executive vice president of Aledade and CEO of Aledade Care Solutions, whose board of directors hold powerful positions in federal public health organizations and in Big Tech, some of which had connections to the WHO and the Gates Foundation. The company is also backed by several venture capital firms.

In a June 2021 video Cohen referenced “definitive data” from the CDC claiming the COVID shots prevented infection or transmission.  She also stated:
“Vaccinations are our way out of the pandemic. Don’t wait to vaccinate.”
Unfortunately, cognitive dissonance and mass psychosis is now prolific as the shots weren’t even tested for preventing transmission and the efficacy study is fraudulent.

Not only do the shots not prevent transmission, they have been found to be less than 1% effective when absolute risk is taken into account, and they are connected to more reports of adverse events and death than any other vaccine in the history of VAERS.  The group Doctors for COVID Ethics declares: the experimental vaccines are needless, ineffective and dangerous.

Not to be undone, Cohen threatened legal action against a school district that wanted to drop quarantines and contact tracing after COVID’s lack of risk to children became apparent.

28 lawmakers sent a letter to President Biden opposing her selection to head the CDC.

According to the letter,

“Dr. Cohen is unfit for the position. Throughout her career, Dr. Cohen has politicized science, disregarded civil liberties, and spread misinformation about the efficacy and necessity of COVID vaccinations … and the necessity of masks” and “has a history of engaging in partisan left-wing politics.”

“Dr. Cohen was a proponent of unnecessary, unscientific COVID restrictions on school children,” the letter added.

The Washington Post reported that “Some CDC staff and alumni bristled … at reports of her planned selection, lamenting that her career had been more focused on managing health programs such as Medicare and Medicaid than on traditional public health.”  Source

Sounds like she will fit in perfectly.

Category:

Activism, vaccines, Viruses

Comments Off on German Study: “The Vaccination Was and Is a Disaster and Under No Circumstances Good” But New Head of CDC Pushes It Anyway

2 Insects, 2 Bites, 1 Patient: A Lyme Disease & Jamestown Canyon Co-infection

https://www.cureus.com/articles/161559-two-insects-two-bites-one-patient-a-lyme-disease-and-jamestown-canyon-co-infection#!/

Two Insects, Two Bites, One Patient: A Lyme Disease and Jamestown Canyon Co-infection

Nicholas S. Weiler • Eric Niendorf • Igor Dumic

Published: June 10, 2023

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40222

Peer-Reviewed

Cite this article as: Weiler N S, Niendorf E, Dumic I (June 10, 2023) Two Insects, Two Bites, One Patient: A Lyme Disease and Jamestown Canyon Co-infection. Cureus 15(6): e40222. doi:10.7759/cureus.40222

Abstract

Lyme disease (LD) is the most common tick-borne illness across the United States, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and transmitted to humans by the bite of infected Ixodes ticks. Jamestown Canyon Virus (JCV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen found mostly in the upper Midwest and Northeastern United States. Co-infection between these two pathogens has not been previously reported since it would require the host to be bitten by the two infected vectors at the same time. We report a 36-year-old man who presented with erythema migrans and meningitis. While erythema migrans is a pathognomonic sign of early localized Lyme disease, Lyme meningitis does not occur in this stage but in the early disseminated stage. Furthermore, CSF tests were not supportive of neuroborreliosis, and the patient was ultimately diagnosed with JCV meningitis. We review JCV infection, LD, and this first reported co-infection to illustrate the complex interaction between different vectors and pathogens and to emphasize the importance of considering co-infection in people who live in vector-endemic areas.

_______________

For more:

Category:

Lyme, mosquitoes, research, Testing, Ticks, Viruses

Comments Off on 2 Insects, 2 Bites, 1 Patient: A Lyme Disease & Jamestown Canyon Co-infection