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Might SARS-CoV-2 Have Arisen Via Serial Passage Through an Animal Host or Cell Culture?

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.202000091

BioEssays

Problems & paradigms  Free Access

Might SARS‐CoV‐2 Have Arisen via Serial Passage through an Animal Host or Cell Culture?

A potential explanation for much of the novel coronavirus’ distinctive genome

Karl SirotkinDan SirotkinFirst published: 12 August 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20200009

Abstract

Despite claims from prominent scientists that SARS‐CoV‐2 indubitably emerged naturally, the etiology of this novel coronavirus remains a pressing and open question: Without knowing the true nature of a disease, it is impossible for clinicians to appropriately shape their care, for policy‐makers to correctly gauge the nature and extent of the threat, and for the public to appropriately modify their behavior. Unless the intermediate host necessary for completing a natural zoonotic jump is identified, the dual‐use gain‐of‐function research practice of viral serial passage should be considered a viable route by which the novel coronavirus arose. The practice of serial passage mimics a natural zoonotic jump, and offers explanations for SARS‐CoV‐2’s distinctive spike‐protein region and its unexpectedly high affinity for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2), as well as the notable polybasic furin cleavage site within it. Additional molecular clues raise further questions, all of which warrant full investigation into the novel coronavirus’s origins and a re‐examination of the risks and rewards of dual‐use gain‐of‐function research.

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**Comment**

Serial Passage is another way of saying “tinkered with in a lab setting.” 

Excerpt from paper:

The long‐standing practice of serial passage is a form of gain‐of‐function research that forces zoonosis between species, and requires the same molecular adaptations necessary for a natural zoonotic jump to occur within a laboratory, leaving the same genetic signatures behind as a natural jump but occurring in a much shorter period of time.

The paper points out that ‘serial passage’ is often used for vaccine programs.

The paper also admits: 

The dual‐use gain‐of‐function research tool of serial passage was first applied to a strain of H1N1 Swine Flu, a variant of the pandemic influenza virus that was genetically modified before it either leaked out of a Soviet lab or was introduced as part of an attenuated vaccine trial in 1977. Although no one has ever taken responsibility for the introduction of this virus, it would become the first known example of a virus created by serial passage leaving a lab, which was later determined due to its inexplicable genetic distance from any known sister strain.[8]

Please refresh your memory on the H1N1 fiasco:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/08/22/the-2009-swine-flu-scam-murderous-anthony-fauci-betrays-public-trust-again/ (It’s all very similar to COVID-19)

This genetic engineering happened right here in my home state by Dr. Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the Universities of Tokyo and Wisconsin using:

“genetic engineering to combine genes from the H1N1 Swine Flu as well as the H5N1 Bird Flu to create a chimeric virus that was then serially passed through ferrets, creating another airborne virus with potentially pandemic properties.[12] Both experiments created a modified genome that appeared to be the result of natural, albeit accelerated, selection since the process of serial passage forces the mutations selected for in natural zoonotic jumps, and masks the direct genetic engineering done on the viruses. These experiments were viewed by many as being sufficiently dangerous that they should not be published,[13] however they were both eventually released with certain methodological and sequence details left out.”

This is discussed here by Dr Luc Montagnier:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/06/11/nobel-prize-winner-on-the-coronavirus/

Excerpt:

He, along with numerous other scientists, states the virus (COVID-19) has been manipulated and that components of HIV have been inserted into the viral sequence, perhaps in pursuit of an AIDS vaccine.

He mentions that the U.S. funded the Wuhan lab in China:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/04/14/wuhan-lab-got-3-7-million-from-u-s-government/  Dr. Fauci, head of NIAID and part of the coronavirus task force, is the one who sent U.S. tax payer money to China after a moratorium was given to stop this sort of research. That is called breaking the law and he should be in jail.

Lastly,

And whether or not gain‐of‐function research is determined to have played a role in SARS‐CoV‐2’s emergence, the fact that it creates opportunities for pandemic viruses to leak out of labs calls for a re‐examination of the moratorium against this practice, because the emergence of this novel coronavirus has demonstrated that the international public health community is not prepared to handle the leak of a pandemic virus. Furthermore, none of the gain‐of‐function research conducted since 2014 has provided humanity with any tools at all to fight back against the ongoing pandemic caused by this novel coronavirus.

Please considering signing the petition to stop ‘gain of function’ research:  Sign petition here:  https://www.change.org/p/national-institutes-of-health-reinstate-the-global-moratorium-on-gain-of-function-research

 

 

A Supercomputer’s COVID-19 Analysis Yields a New Way to Understand the Virus

https://elemental.medium.com/a-supercomputer-analyzed-covid-19-and-an-interesting-new-theory-has-emerged-

A Supercomputer Analyzed Covid-19 — and an Interesting New Theory Has Emerged

A closer look at the Bradykinin hypothesis

Thomas Smith

Earlier this summer, the Summit supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Lab in Tennessee set about crunching data on more than 40,000 genes from 17,000 genetic samples in an effort to better understand Covid-19. Summit is the second-fastest computer in the world, but the process — which involved analyzing 2.5 billion genetic combinations — still took more than a week.

When Summit was done, researchers analyzed the results. It was, in the words of Dr. Daniel Jacobson, lead researcher and chief scientist for computational systems biology at Oak Ridge, a “eureka moment.” The computer had revealed a new theory about how Covid-19 impacts the body: the bradykinin hypothesis. The hypothesis provides a model that explains many aspects of Covid-19, including some of its most bizarre symptoms. It also suggests 10-plus potential treatments, many of which are already FDA approved. Jacobson’s group published their results in a paper in the journal eLife in early July.

According to the team’s findings, a Covid-19 infection generally begins when the virus enters the body through ACE2 receptors in the nose, (The receptors, which the virus is known to target, are abundant there.) The virus then proceeds through the body, entering cells in other places where ACE2 is also present: the intestines, kidneys, and heart. This likely accounts for at least some of the disease’s cardiac and GI symptoms. (See link for article)

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**Comment**

If true, this would explain the varied and bizarre symptoms many can experience.

Be Aware: Tick Bites Can Cause Lyme Disease, Says Survivor

https://www.connexionfrance.com/index.php/French-news/Health/Be-aware-tick-bites-can-cause-Lyme-disease-says-survivor

Be aware: tick bites can cause Lyme disease, says survivor

Connexion reader Margaret Alderson, 76, says everyone should be aware of tick bites and how they can carry Lyme disease, which is extremely debilitating and often goes undiagnosed – as happened to her.

4 September 2020Connexion reader Margaret Alderson and her husband John in a garden.Margaret Alderson shares her struggle with Lyme disease. By Connexion Journalist

Lyme disease in France: Margaret’s story

After retiring from her job co-ordinating the Erasmus scheme for Middlesex University, she moved to Segonzac in the Dordogne with her husband John, from Ware, Hertfordshire in 2005. She was in excellent health until two years ago when in August 2018, she suddenly fell ill.

“I had dreadful pains in my chest and arm,” she said.

“I thought I was having a heart attack or a stroke. An ECG and blood test at my local A&E revealed that was not the case and I recovered with hefty painkillers. A month later, it happened again but was much worse. My hands would not work and I could hardly walk. Another ECG test showed there were no heart problems. I then saw a neurologist who diagnosed trapped nerves in my elbows and a scoliosis specialist who thought it was a back problem. He wanted to give me a major operation to put rods in my spine.”  (See link for article)

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**Comment**

Sigh…..

40 years and this is where we are still at.

After using this poor woman’s experience, they tout the upcoming Valneva Lyme vaccine.  Please read this article about concerns:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/12/18/concerns-about-valneva-vla15-lyme-vaccine-trials/

Excerpt:

The OspA based LYMErix vaccine was problematic with 1000+ adverse reactions and ongoing severe complications. According to the US government, the LYMErix vaccine had many health risks and was quite ineffective. Nevertheless, the biotech company Valneva appears to be using a similar OspA-based technology for their VLA15 Lyme vaccine.

So there you have it.  Lyme patients have waited patiently for over 40 years for basically ZERO help from mainstream medicine.  You still need to be tested by CLIA certified labs that are outside mainstream testing AND you still need to see specially trained ILADS (Lyme literate) doctors if you want to regain your health.  Both of these endeavors are typically going to cost patients ‘out of pocket.’ There is very little help or hope from mainstream medicine.  BTW: this type of testing and treatment are maligned by ‘authorities’.  

The deck is stacked and appears to remain stacked against the ever-growing number of infected.
Little has changed in Lyme-land.

New Laboratory Test For Lyme Disease Could Be A Game Changer

https://globallymealliance.org/news/new-laboratory-test-for-lyme-disease-could-be-a-game-changer/

ZEUS Scientific announces FDA clearance of its ZEUS Borrelia Modified Two-Tiered Testing™ algorithm, a paradigm shift in lab testing for Lyme disease.

ZEUS Scientific, a leading global diagnostic solutions company announced the launch of its ZEUS Borrelia Modified Two-Tiered Testing™ (MTTT) algorithm following clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Approval of this MTTT algorithm represents a true paradigm shift in laboratory testing for Lyme disease.

Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks. Cases of Lyme disease have exploded since the 1990s to more than 427,000 cases annually and have been found in all 50 states. The number of cases in Europe is also on the rise.

Chris Howard, Chief Commercial Officer at ZEUS Scientific stated, “With nearly 30% of early Lyme disease cases being potentially missed by the current STTT algorithm due to the insensitivity of immunoblot tests(8), we are ecstatic to have successfully improved one of the most challenging aspects of diagnosis: detecting the disease early, before a robust immune response has been developed by some patients.” Howard continued,

“Our ZEUS Borrelia MTTT™ algorithm detected up to 30% more acute Lyme disease cases relative to the STTT, significantly reducing the number of missed clinically positive patient samples(1) while maximizing lab efficiency with fully automatable immunoassays.”

Clinical labs have been burdened by the complexities and subjectivity of immunoblot testing for years, often needing to send these tests out to reference labs, leading to longer turnaround time for test results, increased resource allocation and higher costs.

The advantages of implementing ZEUS Borrelia MTTT™ are as follows. The all-ELISA algorithm is the simple, sensitive and specific alternative that is changing the game in Lyme disease testing.

ZEUS Borrelia MTTT™ Advantages

  • Reduces the number of missed clinically positive patient samples, especially in early Lyme (stage 1 and 2)
  • Removes burden of blots and subjectivity of readings
  • Enables simple and flexible first-tier and second-tier testing
  • Improves overall lab workflow and cost efficiencies, eliminating send-outs
  • Improves turnaround time

“We envisioned a similar MTTT concept more than ten years ago, but were unable to convince regulators of this powerful concept at that time(10). Since then, many other accomplished researchers have repeatedly demonstrated that the MTTT algorithm is clinically more sensitive, yet equally as specific as the STTT algorithm.” stated Mark Kopnitsky, Chief Scientific Officer of ZEUS Scientific. “We are thrilled that we can finally offer this MTTT algorithm to the clinical laboratories and hope to improve their ability to detect cases of early Lyme disease.”

“The prevalence of Lyme disease is growing and is difficult to diagnose early, at a time when patients need it most,” stated Scott Tourville, Chief Executive Officer of ZEUS Scientific. “This testing paradigm shift is a successful response to longstanding clinical and workflow challenges in the laboratory. I am extremely proud of our research and clinical trial teams in making the promise of MTTT a reality. Labs gain fast, accurate results through an efficient protocol, doctors gain higher confidence in diagnostic assessment, and patients achieve better care with appropriate diagnosis.”

Tune in, the ZEUS Borrelia MTTT™ to be Featured on Lifetime Network’s Access Health Series.

Learn more about ZEUS Borrelia MTTT™ for Lyme disease at zeuslyme.com.

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**Comment**

Again, I remain hopefully skeptical. A 30% improvement on an abysmal test isn’t perfect by any means.

Bartonella Found in Ticks, Biting Midges, and Moose

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32757355/

. 2020 Aug 5.

doi: 10.1111/tbed.13762. Online ahead of print.

Bartonella spp. detection in ticks, Culicoides biting midges and wild cervids from Norway

Affiliations expand

Abstract

Bartonella spp. are fastidious, gram-negative, aerobic, facultative intracellular bacteria that infect humans, and domestic and wild animals. In Norway, Bartonella spp. have been detected in cervids, mainly within the distribution area of the arthropod vector deer ked (Lipoptena cervi). We used PCR to survey the prevalence of Bartonella spp. in blood samples from 141 cervids living outside the deer ked distribution area (moose [Alces alces, n = 65], red deer [Cervus elaphus, n = 41] and reindeer [Rangifer tarandus, n = 35]), in 44 pool samples of sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus, 27 pools collected from 74 red deer and 17 from 45 moose) and in biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae, 120 pools of 6,710 specimens). Bartonella DNA was amplified in moose (75.4%, 49/65) and in red deer (4.9%, 2/41) blood samples. All reindeer were negative. There were significant differences in Bartonella prevalence among the cervid species.

Additionally, Bartonella was amplified in two of 17 tick pools collected from moose and in 3 of 120 biting midge pool samples. The Bartonella sequences amplified in moose, red deer and ticks were highly similar to B. bovis, previously identified in cervids. The sequence obtained from biting midges was only 81.7% similar to the closest Bartonella spp.

We demonstrate that Bartonella is present in moose across Norway and present the first data on northern Norway specimens. The high prevalence of Bartonella infection suggests that moose could be the reservoir for this bacterium.

This is the first report of bacteria from the Bartonella genus in ticks from Fennoscandia and in Culicoides biting midges worldwide.

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**Comment**

Many Lyme patients also have Bartonella.  It is an under-appreciated pathogen:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/04/24/human-bartonellosis-an-underappreciated-public-health-problem/

It can cause schizophrenia-like symptoms:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/03/21/bartonella-sudden-onset-adolescent-schizophrenia-a-case-study/

Again, our ‘authorities’ have pigeon-holed Lyme into a singular illness when for many there are numerous pathogens at play, not to mention other important issues like MCAS and mold that need to be dealt with. Also, most doctors are taught that Bartonella is not a big deal and the immune system will just deal with it.  I’ve lost count of how many articles have crossed my desk showing just the opposite to be true.  Bartonella can kill.