Psychological Aspects | Madison Area Lyme Support Group

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PTSD-Like Symptoms After Medical Gaslighting in Lyme Disease

https://danielcameronmd.com/ptsd-like-symptoms-lyme-disease/

PTSD-Like Symptoms After Medical Gaslighting in Lyme Disease

Posted By: Dr. Daniel Cameron

Recognizing PTSD-Like Symptoms in Lyme Disease

Many patients describe racing thoughts before appointments, fear of being dismissed, and physical reactions when discussing symptoms. These PTSD-like patterns arise not only from infection, but from the experience of being doubted, delayed, or disbelieved.

Patients report:

Flashbacks of being dismissed or misdiagnosed
Anxiety before medical visits
Insomnia and startle reactions
Emotional numbness or loss of trust

Bransfield (PubMed) has extensively documented the psychiatric manifestations of Lyme disease, including trauma-related anxiety, intrusive thoughts, depression, and emotional dysregulation.

“Medical dismissal can wound as deeply as disease itself.”

Why PTSD-Like Symptoms Develop in Lyme Disease

Medical gaslighting undermines safety — a key foundation of recovery.
When patients with Lyme disease are denied validation or treatment, the nervous system stays locked in survival mode.
The overlap between chronic infection and trauma responses can amplify fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and pain sensitivity.

Emerging research suggests that inflammation and prolonged immune stress can heighten the brain’s threat response — making it harder to return to a sense of safety.

For many, validation is not simply emotional comfort — it’s a biological reset that allows the nervous system to stand down from chronic defense.

The PTSD Framework (DSM-5 Criteria)

To understand why so many patients describe trauma-like reactions, it helps to look at how PTSD itself is defined.

The DSM-5 classifies Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a trauma- and stressor-related disorder with symptom clusters that last more than one month and cause significant distress or impairment.

1️⃣ Exposure to Trauma

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, through:

Direct experience
Witnessing the event
Learning it occurred to a close contact
Repeated or extreme exposure to details (e.g., first responders)

2️⃣ Intrusion Symptoms (≥1)

Recurrent, involuntary distressing memories
Nightmares or flashbacks
Intense distress at reminders of the trauma

3️⃣ Avoidance (≥1)

Avoidance of thoughts, feelings, or conversations related to the trauma
Avoidance of places, people, or activities that trigger memories

4️⃣ Negative Alterations in Cognition and Mood (≥2)

Negative beliefs (“I’m broken,” “No one can be trusted”)
Distorted blame of self or others
Persistent fear, anger, guilt, or shame
Diminished interest in activities
Detachment or estrangement
Inability to experience positive emotions

5️⃣ Alterations in Arousal and Reactivity (≥2)

Irritability or angry outbursts
Hypervigilance
Exaggerated startle response
Sleep disturbance or poor concentration

6️⃣ Duration and Impact

Lasts more than one month
Causes clinically significant distress or impairment
Not due to substances or another medical condition

When the Trauma Isn’t a Single Event

Many Lyme patients don’t meet all DSM-5 criteria — particularly the “qualifying trauma” element — but develop PTSD-like symptoms through chronic exposure to helplessness, disbelief, or prolonged illness.
These experiences are often cumulative rather than catastrophic — a slow erosion of safety and trust that rewires both body and brain.

Chronic infection, inflammation, and repeated invalidation create a complex trauma environment, where the nervous system remains in defense mode long after the acute threat has passed.

Restoring Safety and Trust

If you’ve lived through disbelief or dismissal, you’re not alone.
Sharing your story can help others feel seen — and remind them that healing begins with being heard.
Recognizing PTSD-like symptoms in Lyme disease is an important step toward healing — both medically and emotionally.

References

Pubmed – Adverse Childhood Events, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Infectious Encephalopathies and Immune-Mediated Disease
Pubmed. Adverse Childhood Events, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Infectious Encephalopathies and Immune-Mediated Disease
Lyme Science blog – What PTSD Research Reveals About Chronic Lyme Disease
Lyme Science blog – Prior trauma may worsen symptom severity of Lyme disease

For more:

Category:

Activism, Lyme, Psychological Aspects, research

Study: 92% of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Had Evidence of Tick-Borne Exposure

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/child-and-adolescent-psychiatry/articles/10.3389/frcha.2025.1685016/full

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 05 November 2025

Sec. Developmental Psychopathology and Mental Health

Volume 4 – 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2025.1685016

This article is part of the Research TopicSevere Mental Illnesses in Children: Unravelling Developmental Trajectories, Neuropsychiatric Impairments, and Chronic PainView all 3 articles

Investigating the frequency of tick-borne infections in a case series of 37 youth diagnosed with pediatric bipolar disorder

Rosalie Greenberg^1,2*

¹Medical Arts Psychotherapy Associates, P.A., Summit, NJ, United States
²Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ, United States

Introduction: This retrospective chart review examined 37 youth with pediatric bipolar disorder from a private practice in the Lyme-endemic state of New Jersey, expanding on findings from 27 previously reported cases to explore the potential contribution of tick-borne infections to disease etiology.

Methods: Diagnoses were based on DSM-IV-TR and DSM-V criteria using parent and child interviews, questionnaires, and school reports. Initial screening evaluated for possible PANDAS/PANS, with testing for Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia, Bartonella, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Lyme disease testing included ELISA, Western Blot (IgM/IgG), and immunoblots, interpreted per CDC guidelines. Other pathogens were assessed via IgM/IgG titers, anti-streptolysin O, anti-DNAase B, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and blood cultures. A positive diagnosis required both laboratory evidence and clinician confirmation.

Results: Babesia was detected in 51% (19/37), Bartonella in 49% (18/37), Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 38% (14/37), Borrelia burgdorferi in 22% (8/37), and Group A Streptococcus in 19% (7/37).

Overall, 92% (34/37) had evidence of tick-borne exposure, with 81% (30/37) meeting both laboratory and clinical criteria.

Discussion: More than three-quarters of the cohort demonstrated confirmed tick-borne infections. Overlaps between bipolar disorder and tick-borne illness—such as immune dysregulation, chronic symptomatology, and responsiveness to treatments like minocycline and anti-inflammatory agents—support further exploration of infectious contributors to pediatric bipolar disorder. While limited by its single-practice retrospective design, these findings suggest that tick-borne pathogens may play a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar symptoms in youth, warranting larger, controlled studies.

For More:

Category:

Babesia, Bartonella, Lyme, Mycoplasma, PANS, Psychological Aspects, research

Are Mood Disorders Actually Metabolic Diseases Rooted in Insulin Resistance?

It appears that the can of worms is fully opening……

Truth-telling doctors have completely upended the cancer paradigm by stating it’s a metabolic disease. Now, research is showing it’s also behind mood disorders like bipolar and depression as well. This is good news for those who suffer with these often treatment resistant diseases because you can fully change your metabolism, which means you could finally be free from these plagues.

https://media.mercola.com/ImageServer/Public/2025/November/PDF/insulin-resistance-and-mental-health-pdf.pdf

Are Mood Disorders Actually Metabolic Diseases Rooted in Insulin Resistance?

Analysis by Dr. Joseph Mercola

November 03, 2025

Story at-a-glance

Bipolar disorder and depression affect tens of millions globally, long treated as strictly brain-based illnesses, yet both consistently show high rates of insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances
A 2025 Nature Neuroscience study found that pancreatic insulin release and hippocampal activity are linked through a circadian feedback loop. This suggests bipolar mood shifts arise from disrupted metabolism, not brain chemistry alone
Earlier research in 2022 showed lithium stabilizes mood partly by restoring insulin signaling, while a clinical trial found metformin improved both insulin sensitivity and psychiatric symptoms in treatment-resistant bipolar depression patients
Insulin resistance is extremely widespread, with around 40% of Americans affected, driven by refined sugars, seed oils, stress, sleep loss, and environmental exposures that disrupt the body’s natural energy regulation
Supporting insulin sensitivity involves stepwise changes, replacing damaging fats and ultraprocessed foods, introducing gut-friendly carbs and fibers gradually, managing stress, improving sleep, and staying active to stabilize both metabolic and mental health (See link for article)

Article Highlights:

The Importance of Testing

One of the most straightforward ways to gauge how well your body responds to insulin is through a test called HOMA-IR, short for Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance. It requires only two basic blood tests, both done first thing in the morning before you eat. One test measures fasting glucose and the other measures fasting insulin.

Once you have those two numbers, they are entered into a simple formula:

HOMA-IR = (Fasting Glucose in mg/dL × Fasting Insulin in μU/mL) ÷ 405

This score shows how hard your body is working to keep blood sugar in check — A higher number means your pancreas is pushing out more insulin to control your glucose levels, which signals that your cells are becoming resistant to insulin’s effect. Ideally, your HOMA-IR should be under 1.0. Even values around 1.0 deserve attention, because they show that your body may already be moving toward resistance. The lower the number, the better your insulin sensitivity.

The ability to track your progress over time makes HOMA-IR even more valuable. As you make adjustments in diet, movement, and lifestyle, you can retest and see whether your score is improving. That direct feedback provides motivation and clarity, showing you how your efforts translate into measurable improvements in insulin sensitivity and, by extension, in your long-term health.

Steps to Improve Insulin Sensitivity

Start with carbs that are easy on your gut — Glucose is often automatically viewed as harmful in the context of insulin resistance, yet your body relies on it as a primary fuel. If you cut carbs too low, your body compensates by raising cortisol, a stress hormone that breaks down muscle tissue to make glucose, which weakens your metabolic health over time. Most adults require about 250 grams of healthy carbohydrates a day.
Introduce resistant starches and root vegetables once stable — When your system has stabilized, resistant starches and root vegetables can be introduced in small amounts. Cooked and cooled white potatoes or green bananas are two reliable starting points, then you can expand to foods like garlic, onions, and leeks, which nourish the bacteria that produce butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid that strengthens your gut lining and supports blood sugar regulation. This is often the stage where people notice steadier energy, fewer cravings, and more balanced glucose levels.
As your digestion becomes more resilient, you can slowly rotate in a wider variety of plant foods — Begin with root vegetables, then move toward leafy greens, beans, legumes, and eventually whole grains. The key is to add them gradually and not to eat the same new food every day at the start. Your gut bacteria need time to adjust to new fiber sources, and pacing yourself helps avoid the discomfort that can come with sudden changes.
Alongside what you add, it is equally important to cut out what damages your gut — Vegetable oils high in linoleic acid, ultraprocessed foods, and alcohol all erode the gut barrier and encourage the growth of bacteria that worsen inflammation and insulin resistance. Replacing these with healthier fats such as grass fed butter, ghee, or tallow helps repair the intestinal lining and supports the balance of your microbiome. A healthier gut environment, in turn, makes your cells more responsive to insulin.

Category:

diet and nutrition, Psychological Aspects, research, Testing, Treatment

The Explosive Lyme Symptom That Can Destroy Relationships

https://www.lymedisease.org/lyme-rage-explosive-symptom/

Lyme rage: the explosive symptom that can destroy relationships

By Fred Diamond

6/17/25

We often focus on the physical symptoms of Lyme disease such as joint pain, neuropathy, and fatigue. But there’s another symptom that hides in the shadows, misunderstood even by some healthcare professionals: Lyme rage.

This intense, sometimes explosive emotional reaction can alienate friends, damage families, and leave survivors questioning who they are.

On this week’s episode of the Love, Hope, Lyme podcast, I spoke with Dr. Darin Ingels, a Lyme-literate naturopathic doctor, author of The Lyme Solution, and a Lyme survivor himself. We devoted the entire episode to Lyme rage—what it is, why it happens, and how to heal from it.

“These are typically people who aren’t angry people,” says Dr. Ingels. “They’ll tell me, ‘I’ve been a happy-go-lucky person,’ and now they’re having meltdowns over nothing.”

What is Lyme rage?

Lyme rage is not just general irritability. It’s a sudden, often uncharacteristic burst of anger or emotional volatility. Dr. Ingels explained that while it doesn’t affect every Lyme survivor, it’s common enough—and deeply disruptive.

“It’s this ability to flip the switch so quickly,” he says. “You go from fine to furious in a heartbeat. And it often doesn’t feel like you.”

Many people with Lyme report that these emotional outbursts damage relationships and lead to overwhelming feelings of guilt and shame.

“I don’t know that I experienced ‘rage’ per se,” Dr. Ingels says, “but I definitely had personality changes. I felt indifferent to life. I had meltdowns that felt like I was five years old.”

It’s these personality shifts—especially when they seem to come from nowhere—that serve as red flags.

What causes Lyme rage?

Dr. Ingels describes three core mechanisms behind Lyme rage, all of which involve inflammation in the brain:

Direct Infection of the Brain:
“We have postmortem studies showing Borrelia in and around brain tissue,” Dr. Ingels notes. The immune system’s response to the presence of these pathogens creates neuroinflammation that affects emotional regulation.
Autoimmune Response:
The immune system, to eliminate Borrelia or Bartonella, sometimes turns on the brain itself. “We start seeing antibodies that attack gray and white matter,” he says.
Mast Cell Activation:
Mast cells, typically associated with allergies, also play a role in Lyme. “They dump histamine and other chemicals around the brain, which leads to more inflammation and emotional instability.”

Many survivors describe Lyme rage as a complete departure from their typical personality. Some feel dissociated or emotionally numb. Others feel like they’re watching themselves explode and are powerless to stop it.

“Things that used to spark joy no longer do,” Dr. Ingels says. “You don’t want to go to dinner. You avoid friends. Even people who were very social become isolated. It’s overwhelming.”

He notes that these changes are often abrupt, especially in children or teens, where a diagnosis like PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) may apply. But adults can experience the same kind of inflammation-driven behavioral shifts, even if we don’t label it the same way.

“It’s almost like the effort to participate in life becomes too much,” he says.

Does Lyme rage build gradually or strike without warning?

“Some people feel it coming and can intervene,” he says. “But for many, it just hits like a lightning bolt. They’re fine, and then boom—they’re yelling, crying, or throwing things.”

When survivors do sense it building, Dr. Ingels suggests quick interventions that reduce inflammation—both pharmaceutical and herbal.

“Ibuprofen can help. Curcumin, Boswellia, Harpagophytum all have strong anti-inflammatory effects,” he said. “The key is to calm the inflammation in the brain.”

But for many with Lyme, the rage is sudden and uncontrollable, which means that long-term healing strategies become essential.

The long-term path to healing

How can survivors begin to heal from the neurological and emotional wreckage left by Lyme rage?

For Dr. Ingels, the answer lies in a combination of approaches:

Herbs and Botanicals:
“I’m living proof that herbs work,” he says, recounting how Chinese herbal formulas from Dr. Zhang helped him feel 85% better after months of failed antibiotic treatments. “There’s a lot of power in plants.”
Immune System Support and Modulation:
The goal isn’t just to kill the bug, but to restore balance to the immune system. “We have to clean up the mess Lyme leaves behind,” he said. “That includes food sensitivities, chemical sensitivities, and even environmental triggers like mold.”
Low Dose Immunotherapy (LDI):
One of the most promising tools in Dr. Ingels’ clinic is LDI, which uses homeopathic dilutions of dead pathogens to retrain the immune system and reduce overreaction. “It’s like telling your immune system, ‘You don’t have to go to war anymore.’”
Oxygen and Energy-Based Therapies:
For those who have access, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and PEMF (pulsed electromagnetic field therapy) can help calm brain inflammation without medication.

“Anything we can do to keep inflammation in the brain down will reduce the likelihood of those rage episodes.”

The emotional toll

Lyme rage doesn’t just hurt the person who is ill. It often creates lasting pain within families and relationships. Many of the people listening to this podcast—and reading this article—carry guilt about the way they’ve lashed out at partners, children, or friends.

I ask Dr. Ingels what he would say to someone who’s struggling with that guilt.

“Have grace for yourself,” he says. “Much of this is reflexive. It’s not who you are. It’s something that’s happening to you because of the inflammation in your brain.”

He speaks candidly about how Lyme changed his own personality and may have contributed to the end of his marriage.

“I didn’t have the words at the time to explain what I was feeling. But I’ve since realized, this wasn’t really me—it was the disease.”

That recognition—while painful—is also liberating. It can offer survivors a starting point for healing, not just their bodies, but their sense of identity and self-worth.

What to tell Lyme patients who feel like giving up?

“You have to be your own best advocate,” he says. “The reality is, we are built to heal. Just because something hasn’t worked doesn’t mean there’s nothing out there that will. Keep going. This is your one life. Don’t give up.”

Click here to listen to all episodes of the Love, Hope, Lyme Podcast or on YouTube.

Fred Diamond is based in Fairfax, Virginia. His popular book, “Love, Hope, Lyme: What Family Members, Partners, and Friends Who Love a Chronic Lyme Survivor Need to Know” is available on Amazon. The e-version (pdf) of the book is always free to Lyme survivors. PM Fred on Facebook or LinkedIn for your copy.

_______________

**Comment**

So thankful this information is becoming available.

It’s the stuff patients have to share in support group because nobody believes them.

For more:

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2015/10/18/psychiatric-lymemsids/
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/04/05/aggressiveness-violence-homicidality-homicide-ld/
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/03/09/aggressiveness-violence-homicidality-homicide-lyme-disease/
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/09/17/ignoring-psychiatric-lyme-disease-at-our-peril/
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/08/25/neuropsychiatric-lyme-borreliosis-an-overview-with-a-focus-on-a-specialty-psychiatrists-clinical-practice/
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/06/07/treating-psychiatric-lyme-symptoms-with-disulfiram/
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2023/04/26/woman-with-lyme-locked-in-psych-ward-for-two-months-against-her-will-without-a-psychiatric-diagnosis/
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2022/03/17/lyme-and-tick-borne-diseases-a-primer-for-mental-health-practitioners/
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2023/05/05/the-connection-between-lyme-disease-mental-illness/
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2022/10/27/neurological-pain-psychological-symptoms-and-diagnostic-struggles-among-patients-with-tick-borne-diseases/
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2023/08/04/suicidal-homicidal-lyme-concerns-podcast/
I often wonder about these incidents: https://www.twincities.com/2015/03/21/tree-stand-murders-recounts-st-paul-mans-wisconsin-deer-hunter-killings/. Seems like we hear of these types of killings in epicenters of Lyme every now and again. Could this be due to an undiagnosed tick borne infection(s)? Autopsies should be done to look for these infections.

Category:

Lyme, Psychological Aspects

Lyme Disease Was Behind Her Seizures

https://danielcameronmd.com/lyme-disease-seizures-children/

Jul01

Lyme disease was behind her seizures

Posted By: Dr. Daniel Cameron

It’s one of the most emotional stories parents share.

They tell me their child was once full of energy and curiosity—but suddenly began struggling.

Fatigue, brain fog, dizzy spells, and even seizure-like episodes.

Brain scans? Normal. EEGs? Clear. Yet the worry remained.

“We were told they were functional seizures—just stress-related. No one believed our child was in pain.”

In more cases than you’d expect, Lyme disease or a tick-borne co-infection was the missing piece.

What Are Functional Seizures?

Functional seizures, also called psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), look like epileptic seizures on the outside—but don’t show abnormal electrical activity in the brain. They’re often thought to stem from psychological stress or trauma.

But here’s the issue:

Many children with tick-borne illness also have seizure-like episodes without abnormal brain scans or EEGs. And when they receive antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease, these episodes often improve or resolve.

So, the question becomes:

What if it wasn’t “just stress”? What if it was an infection affecting the nervous system?

What the Research Confirms

In a 1998 study led by Dr. Barbara J. Bloom, five children with Lyme disease were followed over time. Two of them had seizure-like episodes—but their EEGs and MRIs were normal. After receiving appropriate antibiotics, both improved.¹

A broader review by Dr. Brian A. Fallon and colleagues in the American Journal of Psychiatry found that Lyme disease can mimic seizures, anxiety, depression, and other neurologic disorders—even when imaging looks normal.²

These studies validate what many parents already sense: The symptoms are real. The child isn’t faking. And treatment can help.

How Lyme Affects the Brain

Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which can invade the central nervous system—called neuroborreliosis.

In children, it may not look like arthritis. Instead, it may show up as:

1. Seizure-like episodes
2. Dizziness or fainting
3. Brain fog and cognitive slowdown
4. Mood changes
5. Sensory sensitivities
6. Trouble sleeping

When test results are “normal,” these symptoms can be misdiagnosed as:

1. Anxiety or panic disorder
2. ADHD
3. Conversion disorder (functional neurologic disorder)

But Lyme and co-infections—like Babesia or Bartonella—can trigger these symptoms in ways that standard tests miss.

A Real-Life Story: Not Epilepsy, But Lyme

A 12-year-old patient of mine developed:

1. Non-epileptic seizure-like episodes
2. Dizziness
3. Brain fog
4. Light sensitivity
5. Severe fatigue

Her brain MRI and EEG were normal. She was diagnosed with functional seizures.

But her mother remembered a camping trip. We tested her for tick-borne illness—results came back positive for Lyme disease and Babesia.

With the right treatment:

1. The episodes stopped
2. Her thinking cleared
3. Her laughter returned

Her mother said, “She laughed like herself again.”

What Every Parent Should Know

If your child has unexplained seizure-like episodes, trust your instincts.
Lyme disease can trigger neurologic symptoms—even when scans are normal.
Don’t stop at “normal EEG” or “it’s just stress.” Ask about tick-borne testing.
Treatment for Lyme and co-infections has helped many children reclaim their health.

Key Research

Bloom BJ, Wyckoff PM, Meissner HC, Steere AC. Neurocognitive abnormalities in children after Lyme disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17(3):189–196.
Fallon BA, Nields JA. Lyme neuroborreliosis: neurologic and psychiatric manifestations. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151(11):1571–1583.

Category:

Lyme, Psychological Aspects, research

Madison Area Lyme Support Group

Archive for the ‘Psychological Aspects’ Category

PTSD-Like Symptoms After Medical Gaslighting in Lyme Disease

PTSD-Like Symptoms After Medical Gaslighting in Lyme Disease

Recognizing PTSD-Like Symptoms in Lyme Disease

Why PTSD-Like Symptoms Develop in Lyme Disease

The PTSD Framework (DSM-5 Criteria)

1️⃣ Exposure to Trauma

2️⃣ Intrusion Symptoms (≥1)

3️⃣ Avoidance (≥1)

4️⃣ Negative Alterations in Cognition and Mood (≥2)

5️⃣ Alterations in Arousal and Reactivity (≥2)

6️⃣ Duration and Impact

When the Trauma Isn’t a Single Event

Restoring Safety and Trust

References

Study: 92% of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Had Evidence of Tick-Borne Exposure

Investigating the frequency of tick-borne infections in a case series of 37 youth diagnosed with pediatric bipolar disorder

Overall, 92% (34/37) had evidence of tick-borne exposure, with 81% (30/37) meeting both laboratory and clinical criteria.

Are Mood Disorders Actually Metabolic Diseases Rooted in Insulin Resistance?

Are Mood Disorders Actually Metabolic Diseases Rooted in Insulin Resistance?

The Importance of Testing

Steps to Improve Insulin Sensitivity

The Explosive Lyme Symptom That Can Destroy Relationships

Lyme rage: the explosive symptom that can destroy relationships

What is Lyme rage?

What causes Lyme rage?

Does Lyme rage build gradually or strike without warning?

The long-term path to healing

The emotional toll

What to tell Lyme patients who feel like giving up?

Lyme Disease Was Behind Her Seizures

Lyme disease was behind her seizures

It’s one of the most emotional stories parents share.

What Are Functional Seizures?

What the Research Confirms

How Lyme Affects the Brain

A Real-Life Story: Not Epilepsy, But Lyme

What Every Parent Should Know

Key Research

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