Archive for the ‘Bartonella’ Category

Cat Scratch Disease in a 1.5 Year Old Girl – Case Report

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/29936799/

Cat Scratch Disease in a 1.5-year-old girl – Case report.

Karski J, et al. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2018.

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The paper is a case report presenting Cat Scratch Disease (CSD) in a 1.5-year- old girl. Bartoneloses, including CSD, are a group of infectious diseases which are rarely detected, therefore there are no statistical data concerning the aetiology, and the incidence of CSD noted in Poland is low in comparison with other European countries.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the paper is to discuss several problems related to CSD.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 1.5-year-old girl who was seen in hospital for the sparing use of her left arm when crawling. X-rays showed osteolytic lesions which radiologists described as multi-ocular cyst or infection. As neither clinical examination nor laboratory investigations found pathological signs, the patient was followed-up on an ambulant basis. Repeated x-ray taken 4 weeks later showed increased periosteal proliferation accompanied by pain. The baby was admitted to the Clinic but additional investigations found no pathologies. The baby was consulted by a rheumatologist and haematologist; however, they did not facilitate a definitive diagnosis. As the baby developed, because of a thickening of the soft tissues on the dorsal side of the distal epiphisis in the forearm the doctors decided to inspect the condition operatively. Macroscopic examination found brownish granulated tissue. Suction drainage was inserted and a tissue sample was tested for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, tuberculosis and borelliosis. The test results were negative. The baby was in good condition, was not pyrexial and suffered from less pain. The diagnostics was further expanded and the baby tested for yersinia, chlamydia, tuberculosis and bartonella, i.e. CSD. The postoperative wound healed soon and radiological bony lesions began to resolve. After a month, we received a positive bartonella test result, the baby tested positively for Bartonella henselae IgG class, which confirmed past or active infection of CSD. A repeated test for B. henselae taken 6 months later showed a lower level of antibodies.

CONCLUSIONS: It should be remembered that CSD, which is an extremely rare infection, can be diagnosed despite mediocre clinical and radiological manifestations. Thus, in the case of infections of unexplained aetiology and mediocre manifestations diagnostics should include testing for Bartonella henselae.

PMID 29936799 [ – in process]

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**Comment**

There is little to no statistical data on Bartonella, that’s for sure, but it’s far from a rare infection & it is far from benign, in fact I would go as far to state it is prolific and devastating.  

Please note the finding of granulated tissue.  Bartonella is primarily a vascular disease and causes all sorts of bizarre symptoms – including nodules on the shins and painful soles of the feet; however, please do not underestimate the cognitive/psychological symptoms of this disease (anxiety, anger, suicidal thoughts).  It can also cause:  aseptic meningitis, neuroretinitis & other vision problems, lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes), headaches, seizures, heartburn, abdominal pain, skin rash, gastritis, duodentis, mesenteric adenitis, myocarditis & endocarditis, and cysts.  

Authorities are still squabbling over whether ticks transmit this or not, but we know for sure spiders and other arachnids do as well as cat scratches, biting flies, fleas, needle stick transmission in veterinarians as well as drug users.  And just because something can’t be seen/proven in ticks, doesn’t mean it doesn’t happen.  Frankly, all it shows is the science is lagging and this is a fastidious organism which is hard to detect.  All I know is that nearly every Lyme/MSIDS patient I work with has Bart.  So either the tick transmits directly OR a previously asymptomatic case is triggered upon getting a tick bite.  Either way, WE GOT IT and it needs to be considered in each and every Lyme/MSIDS patient.

For more on Bartonella:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/01/03/bartonella-treatment/  (Checklist and treatment options within this link)

Fifteen species of gram-negative aerobic Bartonella are known to infect humans; however Dr. Ricardo Maggi’s statement is quite telling, “This case reinforces the hypothesis that any Bartonella species can cause human infection.”

Dr. Mozayeni talks about Bartonella as one of the major co-infections of Lyme disease. It’s more prevalent than Lyme, as there are many more ways to contract the disease (eg. flees, cats). In a study, that Dr. Breitschwerdt and Mozayeni published in The Journal of Emerging Diseases, about 60% of Lyme patients tested positive for Bartonella. Dr. Mozayeni also talks about the importance of looking at Biofilm when treating Lyme, Bartonella etc. as biofilm can harbor many of these microbes and be the cause of many symptoms.

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/07/fox-news-bartonella-is-the-new-lyme-disease/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/08/09/a-bartonella-story/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/12/osteomyelitis-in-cat-scratch-disease-a-never-ending-dilemma-a-case-report-literature-review/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/04/03/encephalopathy-in-adult-with-cat-scratch-disease/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/09/rheumatological-presentation-of-bartonella-koehlerae-henselae-a-case-report-chiropractors-please-read/  Please note the joint popping with each articulation and continual joint subluxation issue.
Chiropractors need to be told about this. Please educate! Send them this article.  I too had this bizarre popping of the joints with a lot of instability in the knees. Treatment completely ameliorated this issue so treatment is primo important.

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/15/fleas-harbor-bartonella-13-days-post-infection-continuously-excrete-bartonella-dna/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/20/northern-southern-ca-cats-have-bartonella-and-rickettsia-proven-by-16s-rrna-next-gen-sequencing/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/12/29/cardinal-state-bartonella/

 

 

 

 

Northern & Southern CA Cats have Bartonella and Rickettsia – Proven by 16S rRNA Next Gen Sequencing

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/29893631/

Assessing Cat Flea Microbiomes in Northern and Southern California by 16S rRNA Next-Generation Sequencing.

Vasconcelos EJR, et al. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2018.

Abstract
Flea-borne diseases (FBDs) impact both human and animal health worldwide. Because adult fleas are obligately hematophagous and can harbor potential pathogens, fleas act as ectoparasites of vertebrates, as well as zoonotic disease vectors. Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) are important vectors of two zoonotic bacterial genera listed as priority pathogens by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID-USA): Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp., causative agents of bartonelloses and rickettsioses, respectively.

In this study, we introduce the first microbiome analysis of C. felis samples from California, determining the presence and abundance of relevant pathogenic genera by characterizing the cat flea microbiome through 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (16S-NGS). Samples from both northern (NoCal) and southern (SoCal) California were assessed to expand current knowledge regarding FBDs in the state. We identified Rickettsia and Bartonella, as well as the endosymbiont Wolbachia, as the most abundant genera, followed by less abundant taxa. In comparison to our previous study screening Californian cat fleas for rickettsiae using PCR/digestion/sequencing of the ompB gene, the 16S-NGS approach applied herein showed a 95% level of agreement in detecting Rickettsia spp. There was no overall difference in microbiome diversity between NoCal and SoCal samples. Bacterial taxa identified by 16S-NGS in this study may help to improve epidemiological investigations, pathogen surveillance efforts, and clinical diagnostics of FBDs in California and elsewhere.

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**Comment**

Bartonella and Rickettsia spp. are also diseases Lyme/MSIDS patients have to contend with.  There is no good, solid research studying the ability of ticks to transmit Bartonella, yet most of us out here in Lyme land have it.  Rickettsia’s out here too in plenty.  I would think this important issue would be dealt with.  Somehow patients are getting these diseases and its either happening by direct transmission or by being activated once they get Lyme and their immune systems become compromised.

Either way, this issue MUST be studied, resolved, and appropriately death with.

Mainstream medicine is completely lost when it comes to tick borne illnesses such as these.  Lyme is finally getting acknowledged due to shear numbers, but don’t kid yourself, thousands upon thousands have Bartonella and Rickettsia as well.  The one drug, one pathogen paradigm needs to be forgotten like a bad dream and researchers and doctors need to become educated on this complex 21st Century plague.

BTW:  Wolbachia is being widely used as a biocontrol.  Here’s why that may not be such a great idea:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/07/10/wolbachia-the-next-frankenstein/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/02/12/wolbachia-laced-mosquitoes-being-released-why-lyme-msids-patients-might-be-negatively-affected/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/22/mosquito-spit-alone-may-significantly-alter-your-immune-system-for-days-after-a-bite/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/02/tick-mosquito-and-flea-diseases-more-than-tripled-since-2004/

It is my strong opinion that ALL of these factors are a perfect storm of events causing human suffering and disease.  Researchers need to zoom out and look at the big picture and the interconnection of things or we are doomed.

Fleas Harbor Bartonella 13 Days Post Infection & Continuously Excrete Bartonella DNA

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/29860325/

Acquisition of Bartonella elizabethae by Experimentally Exposed Oriental Rat Fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis; Siphonaptera, Pulicidae) and Excretion of Bartonella DNA in Flea Feces.

McKee CD, et al. J Med Entomol. 2018.

Abstract

Few studies have been able to provide experimental evidence of the ability of fleas to maintain rodent-associated Bartonella infections and excrete these bacteria. These data are important for understanding the transmission cycles and prevalence of these bacteria in hosts and vectors. We used an artificial feeding approach to expose groups of the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild; Siphonaptera, Pulicidae) to rat blood inoculated with varying concentrations of Bartonella elizabethae Daly (Bartonellaceae: Rhizobiales). Flea populations were maintained by membrane feeding on pathogen-free bloodmeals for up to 13 d post infection. Individual fleas and pools of flea feces were tested for the presence of Bartonella DNA using molecular methods (quantitative and conventional polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). The threshold number of Bartonellae required in the infectious bloodmeal for fleas to be detected as positive was 106 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). Individual fleas were capable of harboring infections for at least 13 d post infection and continuously excreted Bartonella DNA in their feces over the same period. This experiment demonstrated that X. cheopis are capable of acquiring and excreting B. elizabethae over several days. These results will guide future work to model and understand the role of X. cheopis in the natural transmission cycle of rodent-borne Bartonella species. Future experiments using this artificial feeding approach will be useful for examining the horizontal transmission of B. elizabethae or other rodent-associated Bartonella species to naïve hosts and for determining the viability of excreted bacteria.

 

 

 

Osteomyelitis in Cat Scratch Disease: A Never-Ending Dilemma – A Case Report & Literature Review

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/29808150/

Osteomyelitis in Cat-Scratch Disease: A Never-Ending Dilemma-A Case Report and Literature Review.

Donà D, et al. Case Rep Pediatr. 2018.

Abstract

Background: We performed a review of published case studies of osteomyelitis associated with cat-scratch disease to consolidate existing information on clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, therapy, and outcome, as well as presenting a case of disseminated cat-scratch disease in a 12-year-old female with skull osteomyelitis and spleen involvement.

Methods: A search for articles indexed in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar was performed with the search terms “Bartonella,” “bone,” “osteomyelitis,” “osteolytic,” and “cat-scratch disease” limited to the immunocompetent pediatric population and articles in English.

Results: 51 cases were identified. The average age was 7.8 years with equal sex distribution. Fever (84.3%), often with a prolonged course (64.7%), and osteoarticular pain (88.2%) were the most common clinical findings. Lymphadenopathy was present in 64.7% of patients. Vertebral body was mainly involved (51.9%). MRI (50%) and bone scintigraphy (48.1%) were favored to confirm osteomyelitis, while serology was the preferred microbiological diagnostic. Various antibiotics were prescribed in combined or sequential regimens, with median duration of therapy of 23 days. About 12.5% of patients did not receive any treatment. Most patients had excellent prognosis; in particular, all patients not receiving any therapy showed complete recovery and no recurrence of symptoms.

Conclusions: Bartonella henselae should be considered in differential diagnosis of localized lymphadentitis. Osteoarticular pain or limitation during cat-scratch disease in children should always be investigated for bone spreading. Owing to good prognosis, invasive procedures to obtain the bone material should be avoided. Serology is the gold standard diagnostic tool and MRI is the best radiographic technique to define bone and surrounding tissue involvement. Treatment represents a never-ending dilemma: surgical intervention or use of antibiotics is still controversial, and more studies are needed to define the best antimicrobial regimen.

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**Comment**

Osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, or fungi that in the case of tick borne illness, is spread via the blood stream from a tick bite.

Bartonella is one tough mother.  Mainstream medicine always makes it out to be this benign pathogen that will go away on its own.  While this may be true for some, it is NOT true for those with tick borne illness, just ask the Bart guru, Dr. Breitschwerdt whose father died of it.  He has dedicated his life to figuring Bart out and  has developed his own testing methods as it is so illusive.  https://www.galaxydx.com/cat-scratch-disease-testing/  Galaxy Labs uses a Triple draw PCR plus IFA serology.  

BTW:  Standard testing tests for TWO strains when there are 32 strains and counting of Bart.  This stuff can kill you.

Bartonella is considered a vascular disease and tumor causing.  

While it caused lymphadenopathy (large lymph nodes) in a good chunk of the group in the work above, many do not have this “hallmark” symptom, just as with Lyme, many never have the “classic” bull’s eye rash.

According to Dr. Schaller  http://www.townsendletter.com/July2009/ed_lyme0709.html

The knowledge base about both Bartonella testing and treatment borders on the disastrous. Bartonella is one of the most common infections in the world. Calling it a “coinfection” is nonsense; if anything, Lyme is the “coinfection.” It is found in vast numbers of common vectors, including dust mites, fleas, flea feces, pet saliva, and ticks. Amazingly, it can turn off or lower antibodies to Lyme disease, Babesia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and even itself. Bartonella floats in blood and also enters all blood vessel walls without causing a fatal fever, and indeed actually lowers fevers. It is the ultimate stealth infection. It turns off antibodies, fevers, and immune function defense chemicals as it damages organs in 20 to 60 ways……Since Bartonella turns off the production of antibodies to infections like Babesia microti or Babesia duncani and Lyme disease, I suggest that this infection must be considered in all initial consults. 

For more on Bartonella:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/01/03/bartonella-treatment/  (Dr. Shaller’s checklist is in the link)

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/07/fox-news-bartonella-is-the-new-lyme-disease/

Bart can cause all sorts of heart-related issues:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/01/04/endocarditis-consider-bartonella/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/03/heart-problems-tick-borne-disease/

Eye issues:https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/04/06/ocular-bartonellosis/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/23/opthalmic-manifestations-of-bartonella-infection/

And if the bottoms of your feet feel like someone beat them with a hammer – that’s Bart.  Got painful shins with knobs on them – that’s Bart.

Nope, you are NOT loosing your mind.  

And chiropractors, you need to know about Bart:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/09/rheumatological-presentation-of-bartonella-koehlerae-henselae-a-case-report-chiropractors-please-read/  She had a thousand symptoms: axillary lymphadenopathy from cat scratch disease (CSD) at 12 years of age, a tibial sesamoid bone fracture, plantar fasciitis, generalized muscle/joint pain, muscle weakness, headaches, tingling, and fatigue, cervical lymph node enlargement, extremity edema, ligamentous laxity, tenosynovitis, shoulder and elbow subluxations, elbow joint crepitus, progressively worsening joint hypermobility (Beighton score 7/9), multiple joint subluxations daily, and breast cysts, meeting criteria for benign classification.

Please note the joint popping with each articulation and continual joint subluxation issue.

I had this in my knee.  Treatment completely eliminated it.

 

 

Where Ticks Are and What They Carry – Science Conversation With Dr. Cameron

http://danielcameronmd.com/lyme-disease-science-conversation-ticks-diseases-they-carry/  Approx. 50 Min

Dr. Daniel Cameron, a leading Lyme disease expert, discusses where are the ticks and what are the diseases they carry.

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**Comment**

The word is finally getting out.  TICKS ARE EVERYWHERE!

Beaches:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/07/ticks-on-beaches/

Rocks and picnic benches:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/03/13/ticks-found-on-rocks/

Caves:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/04/23/tick-borne-relapsing-fever-found-in-austin-texas-caves/, and https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/27/israeli-kids-get-lyme-disease-from-ticks-in-caves/

Birds:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/08/17/of-birds-and-ticks/

California:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/19/infected-ticks-in-california-its-complicated/

In the South:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/31/no-lyme-in-the-south-guess-again/, and https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/06/remembering-dr-masters-the-rebel-for-lyme-patients-who-took-on-the-cdc-single-handedly/, and https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/03/02/hold-the-press-arkansas-has-lyme/

Southern Hemisphere:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/02/06/lyme-in-the-southern-hemisphere-sexual-transmission/

Australia:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/11/03/ld-not-in-australia-here-we-go-again/

And everywhere else…..

Remember, there are 300 strains and counting of Borrelia worldwide and 100 strains and counting in the U.S.  Current CDC two-tiered testing tests for ONE strain!  Do the math….

For more:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/27/study-conforms-permethrin-causes-ticks-to-drop-off-clothing/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/06/mc-bugg-z/