Archive for the ‘Viruses’ Category

Got 15 Minutes? The Officially Ignored Link Between Lyme & Plum Island

**UPDATE Sept, 2022**

Youtube censored the video on Plum Island, but I was able to find it here after the article, as well here on Rumble.  Censors beware, people will find a way to share truth without your platform!

image-2

The Horrors of Plum Island

Hybrids, Human Experiments, and Weaponized Killer Insects

In July 2008, the carcass of an animal washed up on the beach at Montauk Point Long Island. Local beachcombers are used to seeing dead animals. Seagulls, fish, crabs, even the occasional whale. But they had never seen anything like this. Animal experts were brought in to identify it. They were stumped. It looked like part dog, part reptile and part rodent – with the beak of a bird. This animal, whatever it was, became known as the Montauk Monster. But where did the Monster come from? There could be only one answer. Plum Island.

Plum Island is just a few miles from where the monster was found. Locals had heard rumors that this was a top-secret government facility that created bioweapons, engineered animal hybrids and maybe even experimented on people. Sounds like a wild theory. But then another animal washed up on the beach. Again, it couldn’t be identified. And then another animal. And then two more.

In 2010, the rumors about Plum Island seemed to be true when something else was found on the beach. This time it wasn’t a strange animal. It was a body. A human body. Well… it was almost human.

The video then goes on to chronicle the history of Lyme, the bioweaponization of ticks, and the subsequent human illness that is still still downplayed, mischaracterized, and denied today.

While ‘the powers that be’ continue to blame ‘climate change,’ they ignore the fact that between 1966-1969 government researchers released 300,000 irradiated ticks including Lone star ticks which are highly aggressive and actively hunt, and can:

  • bite multiple times
  • have eyes
  • survive for months without food
  • absorb water from the air
  • survive under water and after being frozen
  • swarm – being found in large numbers, leading to multiple bites
In 1952, the Army Chemical Corps reactivated the now notorious Plum Island Animal Disease Center, which is located on a bird haven isle only a few miles from and adjacent to Lyme, Connecticut, on the same island which also houses Fort Terry, a biological warfare defense research facility.
During the Cold War, the combined center was used as a secret biological weapons program targeting livestock, which would allegedly feature strange genetically mutated creatures washing up on the shores of the US mainland, making Plum Island the controversial center of numerous well-founded conspiracy theories and books related to a biohazard warfare conspiracy.
On April the 7th, CBS News New York began reporting on a new and untreatable tick-borne virus that has been re-discovered in the various areas around Lyme, Connecticut. This relatively new virus, now labeled as the “Powassan tick-borne virus” is resistant to all known types of treatment. The disease can be fatal and is transmitted within minutes of the tick’s bite.
The causative factor in this particular case being that ticks are routinely used in genetic research due to their ability to spread disease.  According to Wikipedia, “Lab 257, a book written by Michael C. Carroll, has alleged a direct connection between Plum Island Animal Disease Center and the outbreaks of at least two other infectious diseases: West Nile virus in 1999, and the Dutch duck plague in 1967.”
Regarding the now newly ubiquitous “Lone Star Tick” there is a bit more to the story, from a website called Preventdisease.com, a research specialist and consumer advocate, had this to say:
Researcher and entomologist Jaime Lombard says the ticks have been in circulation for a few years however the latest crop released are becoming more potent.

“Scientists have been experimenting on ticks since the 1960s because of their ability to spread disease. Since then, genetically engineered ticks have become more potent and scientists can create human disease almost at will,” he stated.

There is also yet another tick-born disease, which has emerged in Kansas as well, called “The Heartland Virus.” This story from the Fort Scott Tribune:

The Heartland virus is also a relatively new tick-borne virus that is carried by the Lone Star tick. According to the CDC, there is also currently no vaccine or medication to treat or cure the Heartland virus.

But, more interesting might be the proximity of the Bourbon viruses’ initial hot zone, which is a knight-like move of only about 200 miles away, from Manhattan, Kansas.  The Heartland virus, originated 182 miles away from Manhattan Kansas, in an almost geometrically identical movement compared to the Bourbon Virus.

The new bio-engineer warfare center located in Manhattan, Kansas, lies very near the geographic center of the US.

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/07/01/surveillance-for-heartland-bourbon-viruses-in-eastern-kansas/

Another chronological timeline of events complete with FOIA documents and studies:  https://galacticconnection.com/lyme-disease-mycoplasma-and-bioweapons-development-timeline/  Of particular interest is the Burgdorfer’s involvement with infecting the relapsing fever tick with Borrelia latychevi, a close relative to Lyme which would never show up on a test, at the NIH Rocky Mountains Lab, demonstrating they were working on infecting ticks with borrelia in bioweapons labs well before the 1975 Plum Island outbreak. A few years later Burgdorfer studied the artificial feeding of black-legged ticks for the transmission of disease agents, again showing they were infecting ticks with diseases to use in research experiments by those involved with bioweaponry. He also infected ticks with leptospirosis, another spirochete similar to Lyme that infects humans. 

In later research they state that these spirochetes persist in the body and when infected cows develop the “chronic form” it is associated with abortion, stillbirth, infertility, loss of milk production or premature birth in weak an infected calves. http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/navc/2005/LA/001.pdf?LA=1

This link https://sites.google.com/site/jerryleonard999/home/burgdorfer shows that a highly pathogenic “clone”of borrelia found in Ixodid ticks “dispersed rapidly and widely in the recent past” and caused an epidemic Lyme disease centered around a biowarfare lab. 

And another report states this pathogenic clone and its tick vector appear to have evolved independently. The author of the collected information, Jerry Leonard, states this gives the distinct impression that experimental borrelia organisms were artificially fed to Ixodid ticks in a biowarfare lab and then leaked out. 

At the beginning of the censored Plum Island video above, an article called “Mrs. Murray’s Mysterious Disease” appeared.  Polly Murray wrote, in detail, her entire family’s saga with Lyme/MSIDS in the book, “The Widening Circle,” which I highly recommend. She was the first to document what would become a medical scandal of epic proportions.

An astute mother looked around and saw that nearly everyone in her community was plagued with health troubles.  She started the ball rolling but the Cabal quickly took over and created a false narrative we are still living with today.  And what “experts” are saying is entirely wrong.

I also recommend the much later written book by infected journalist Pam Weintraub called “Cure Unknown: Inside the Lyme Epidemic.” In it, Weintraub shows why Murray became disillusioned and frustrated with the medical system which would not address her many logical questions.  Turns out most of the players have severe conflicts of interest and have rigged testing and research for a pre-determined outcome, leaving the sickest patients abanded.

 

ConflictReport : Within this document, you will discover how many conflicts are in Lyme testing, vaccination, and treatment guidelines.  Government bullies have frightened doctors into blindly accepting their fake science or risk restricting or losing their medical licenses.

There will be a day of reckoning.

Category:

Lyme, Ticks, Viruses

Cerebrospinal Fluid CXLC13 Indicates Disease Course in Neuroinfection: An Observational Study

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30660201/

2019 Jan 19;16(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1405-8.

Cerebrospinal fluid CXLC13 indicates disease course in neuroinfection: an observational study

Pilz G1, Wipfler P2, Otto F2, Hitzl W3,4, Afazel S5, Haschke-Becher E5, Trinka E2, Harrer A2.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The chemokine CXCL13 is an intensively investigated biomarker in Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Its role in other neuroinfections is increasingly recognized but less clear.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the significance of CXCL13 in established central nervous system (CNS) infections other than LNB by matching cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CXCL13 elevations with severity of the disease course.

METHODS:

We investigated 26 patients with bacterial (n = 10) and viral (n = 16; tick-borne encephalitis, n = 6; varicella zoster infection, n = 10) neuroinfections of whom CSF CXCL13 levels were available twice, from lumbar punctures (LP) performed at admission and follow-up. As outcome classification, we dichotomized disease courses into “uncomplicated” (meningitis, monoradiculitis) and “complicated” (signs of CNS parenchymal involvement such as encephalitis, myelitis, abscesses, or vasculitis). CXCL13 elevations above 250 pg/ml were classified as highly elevated.

RESULTS:

Eight of 26 patients (31%) with both bacterial (n = 4) and viral (n = 4) neuroinfections had a complicated disease course. All of them but only 3/18 patients (17%) with an uncomplicated disease course had CSF CXCL13 elevations > 250 pg/ml at the follow-up LP (p < 0.001). At admission, 4/8 patients (50%) with a complicated disease course and 3/18 patients (17%) with an uncomplicated disease course showed CXCL13 elevations > 250 pg/ml. All four patients with a complicated disease course but only one with an uncomplicated disease course had sustained CXCL13 elevations at follow-up. Patient groups did not differ with regard to age, time since symptom onset, LP intervals, type of infections, and anti-pathogen treatments.

CONCLUSION:

Our study revealed pronounced CXCL13 elevations in CSF of patients with severe disease courses of bacterial and viral neuroinfections. This observation indicates a role of CXCL13 in the CNS immune defense and points at an additional diagnostic value as biomarker for unresolved immune processes leading to or associated with complications.

Category:

Inflammation, Lyme, research, Testing, Viruses

Researchers at Upstate Medical University Collect CNY Ticks For Testing in a Pilot Study

https://www.localsyr.com/news/local-news/researchers-at-upstate-medical-university-collect-cny-ticks-for-testing-in-a-pilot-study/ News Video Here

Researchers at Upstate Medical University collect CNY ticks for testing in a pilot study

LOCAL NEWS

by:

Posted:

SYRACUSE, N.Y. (WSYR-TV) — A team of researchers with Thangamani Lab at Upstate Medical University have begun a multi-year pilot project studying the ticks in the Central New York region.

They’re trying to figure out which species of ticks are in the area, what they’re carrying, and how those infections impact a person’s health and their treatment.

“The deer ticks, they transmit 7 different pathogens,” said lead researcher, Saravanan Thangamani. “Almost 60% of ticks collected in Onondaga County are positive for Borrelia burgdorferi. That is the agent for Lyme disease.”

Some of the ticks also carry infections like Powassan virus, Ehrlichia, and Bartonella.

One of the goals of this 3-5 year study is to understand what happens if a tick bites someone when it’s carrying more than one infection.

“Does it make the Lyme disease worse, does it make the Powassan worse, or it doesn’t do neither?” asks Thangamani.

Researchers are also trying to track down the ticks’ path. To do so, they’re asking anyone who gets bit by a tick to mail it in for free testing.

“Send us the zip code so we know which zip code has particular pathogen prevalence and then does it change over time,” said Thangamani.

To have a tick tested, put it in a zip-lock bag with a moist towelette with the following information:

  • The date
  • Location
  • If the tick was found on a human or pet
  • Your email

More info:  https://thangamani-lab.com/free-tick-testing

You can mail the tick to:

Thangamani Lab
505 Irving Avenue
Suite 4209
SUNY Center for Environmental Health and Medicine
SUNY Upstate Medical Center
Syracuse, NY 13210
___________________

**Comment**

I called and they stated anyone can utilize their FREE tick testing. 
They will send you the results of what pathogens were found.

Category:

Activism, Bartonella, Ehrlichiosis, Lyme, Testing, Ticks, Viruses

Deadly Ticks Carrying Ebola-like Congo Fever ‘found in UK After Spreading Across Europe’

https://indiatimespost.com/deadly-ticks-carrying-ebola-like-congo-fever-found-in-uk-after-spreading-across-europe/

Deadly ticks carrying Ebola-like Congo fever ‘found in UK after spreading across Europe’

By admin

NINTCHDBPICT000498772073This is one of the so-called Hyalomma ‘super ticks’ which have been found in Germany

A TICK capable of carrying killer Ebola-like viruses has been found in the UK after spreading across Europe, health officials say.

The blood-sucking Hyalomma rufipes tick is usually only found in Africa, Asia and parts of southern Europe.

Central European News

But Public Health England says that one, which was 10 times larger than average, was discovered in Dorset last year.

Tests found the creature was carrying Rickettsia spotted fever, which can cause headaches, cramps and blisters in humans.

But the ticks are also known to carry the deadly Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHF) – a deadly disease dubbed the “next Ebola.”

The horrific virus, which is also known as Congo Fever, results in death in around two fifths of all cases – and there are no proven vaccines available to prevent it.

Those unlucky enough to catch the disease often suffer from internal bleeding, before organ failure strikes down the sufferer.

Ebola is also categorised as a hemorrhagic fever virus, according to the World Health Organisation.

A recent outbreak of the disease in Uganda has left two people dead, including a five-year-old boy, while nearly 1,400 have died in Congo since August.

Tick found in Dorset

The tick was removed from a horse by a vet at The Barn Equine Surgery in Wimborne, Dorset, last September and sent to PHE for analysis.

Kayleigh Hansford, who led the agency’s tick surveillance team, writing in the journal Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, said:

“This is the first time Hyalomma rufipes has been reported in the United Kingdom.

“The lack of travel by the horse – or any in-contact horses – suggests that this could also be the first evidence of successful moulting of a Hyalomma nymph in the UK.”

She said it is suspected that the tick hitched a ride on a migratory bird before landing in the UK.

Neither the infested horse, nor other horses in the stable had travelled anywhere and no further ticks were detected on any of the horses.

It is thought the tick probably travelled on a swallow because they tend to nest in the stables of horses and migrate from Africa to the UK for summer.

‘Threat to public health’

The worrying find could “present a threat to public health in the UK”, the PHE said.

It’s not known whether any more of the ticks have been found in Britain this year, but so far there have been six reported cases in Germany.

Experts in Munich believe the bugs have mutated to survive cold winters – and don’t believe they could have been brought to the country by birds.

Dr Ute Mackenstedt, a parasitologist at the University of Hohenheim, said:

“If the development cycle is taken into account, this cannot be the case here, as the ticks would have had to have been introduced at a time where the migratory birds had not even arrived.

“According to the latest evidence, we have to presume that these animals are able to survive the winters in Germany.”

But he also pointed out that this does not mean that the Hyalomma are home grown.

What is Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever?

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widespread disease caused by a tick-borne virus.

It’s usually carried by a wide range of wild and domestic animals such as cattle, sheep and goats.

The virus is transmitted to people either by tick bites or through contact with infected animal blood.

The majority of cases have occurred in people involved in the livestock industry, such as agricultural workers, slaughterhouse workers and veterinarians.

Human-to-human transmission can occur resulting from close contact with the blood, organs or bodily fluids of someone infected.

Signs and symptoms

The time between catching the infection and symptoms appearing is usually one to three days.

Onset of symptoms is sudden and can include:

  • Fever
  • Muscle ache
  • Dizziness
  • Neck pain
  • Backache
  • Headache
  • Sore eyes
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhoea
  • Stomach pain
  • Sore throat
  • Sharp mood swings
  • Confusion

After two to four days, the agitation may be replaced by sleepiness, depression and the stomach pain may have moved.

Other clinical signs include fast heart rate, enlarged lymph nodes and a petechial rash – caused by bleeding into the skin – on internal mucosal surfaces, such as in the mouth and throat, and on the skin.

There is usually evidence of hepatitis, and severely ill patients may experience rapid kidney deterioration, sudden liver failure or pulmonary failure after the fifth day of illness.

Mortality rate is 30 per cent, with death occurring in the second week of illness.

In patients who recover, improvement generally begins on the ninth or tenth day after the onset of illness.

Source: World Health Organisation

Dr Mackenstedt added:

“For the population to expand, a male and a female tick would have to find each other. This is very difficult with such a small number.”

However, five of the Hyalomma ticks were found on a horse at a stables, meaning there is the possibility of a possible pairing – and as a result, the emergence of an independent population.

Last year, German scientists warned about several tropical ticks living in the country – thought to be because of rising temperatures.

Scientists registered a total of seven specimens of the genus Hyalomma in Lower Saxony and Hesse in August 2018.

Meanwhile only two tropical ticks have been found in Germany before, one in 2015 and one in 2017.

The Hyalomma ticks are very noticeable and can grow to as long as 2cm, substantially larger than the local common wood tick.

NINTCHDBPICT000498772067The massive Hyalomma tick, right, compared to a normal-sized deer tick
Central European News

They are recognised by their unusual size and their striped legs.

Hyalomma originated from Iran or the southern part of the former Soviet Union and spread into Asia, the Middle East, southern Europe, and Africa.

Tick bites can cause a number of diseases which in some cases can be fatal such tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease.

Hyalomma species can also carry Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, which has already claimed one Brit victim back in 2012.

The 38-year-old man died hours after returning from a wedding in Afghanistan.

_________________

For more on the Monster Tick & CCHF:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/08/19/monster-ticks-found-in-germany-threaten-europe-with-deadly-disease-crimean-congo-fever/  The one within this link is H. marginatum.  

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/05/23/crimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever-outbreak-in-africa/

H. rufipes on the UK horse:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/04/11/african-tick-found-on-untraveled-u-k-horse/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/14/crimean-congo-the-asian-ebola-virus/

 

Category:

Activism, Rickettsia, Ticks, Viruses

Polio-like Manifestation of Powassan Virus With Anterior Horn Cell Involvement, Canada

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/25/8/19-0399_article

Volume 25, Number 8—August 2019
Research Letter

Polio-like Manifestation of Powassan Virus Infection with Anterior Horn Cell Involvement, Canada

Picheca C, Yogendrakumar V, Brooks JI, Torres C, Pringle E, Zwicker J. Polio-like manifestation of Powassan virus infection with anterior horn cell involvement, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019 Aug [date cited]. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2508.190399

DOI: 10.3201/eid2508.190399

Original Publication Date: 6/3/2019

Abstract

Evidence of spinal cord involvement in Powassan virus infection is largely limited to mouse models. We report a case of a polio-like illness caused by Powassan virus infection in a 62-year-old man in Canada. Magnetic resonance imaging showed T2 hyperintensities in the anterior horns of the cervical spinal cord.

Powassan virus (POWV) is a tickborne flavivirus, named after Powassan, Ontario, Canada, the location of the first documented human infection in 1958 (1). Since then, ≈150 cases of POWV infection have been reported globally, and incidence has increased over time. A total of 125 POWV cases have been identified since 2008, 33 (26%) in 2017 (2). In Canada, most reported POWV infections have been in the Great Lakes regions. A small number of cases have been reported in the Maritime provinces (3).

POWV is transmitted by members of the Ixodes genus of ticks, including I. cookei and the more opportunistic and aggressive I. scapularis. POWV has 2 lineages; lineage 2 (deer tick virus) has emerged quickly in parts of North America, along with the expanding range of I. scapularis ticks.

POWV infection typically begins with prodromal symptoms including fever, nausea, headache, and myalgia. Central nervous system involvement includes an altered level of consciousness, paralysis, or ophthalmoplegia (4). POWV encephalitis has a 10% mortality rate, and <50% of survivors suffer residual deficits (5). Studies with mice have demonstrated that POWV can affect motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord (6). These same neurons are affected by poliovirus, West Nile virus, and enterovirus D68 (7). However, POWV infection with cord involvement in humans is not well documented; 1 human case demonstrated motor neuron pathology after POWV lineage 2 infection (8), and a second case with suspected motor neuronopathy was reported in 2018 (9).

We present the case of a 62-year-old man living in urban Ontario who experienced nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain while vacationing in rural Newfoundland. He sought treatment at a hospital in Nova Scotia and experienced diplopia (double vision) and ataxia (movement disorder). A computed tomography scan of the head did not show any acute intracranial event.

The patient became febrile and experienced dysarthria (motor speech disorder) weakness, and respiratory distress. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed pleocytosis (159 × 106 total nucleated cells: 42% neutrophils, 43% lymphocytes) and elevated protein levels (0.79 g/L). He was started on empiric treatment with ceftriaxone, ampicillin, acyclovir, and dexamethasone. Results of tests for Cryptococcus, HIV, syphilis, Lyme disease, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, and acid-fast bacilli were negative. Initial arbovirus serology results were negative. The patient worsened, requiring intubation and transfer to an intensive care unit.

Seven days after arriving at the hospital, the patient was unable to lift his arms and was transferred to a tertiary center in Ottawa, Ontario (The Ottawa Hospital). Neurologic exam showed facial and extraocular muscle weakness. He had flaccid tone and absent power in his upper extremities and reduced strength in his lower extremities. Sensation was preserved. Nerve conduction studies demonstrated diffusely low motor amplitudes, normal sensory amplitudes, and normal conduction velocities suggestive of a motor neuronopathy. Electromyography in the acute phase was not possible due to poor patient cooperation.

Thumbnail of Coronal T2-weighted image of cervical spinal cord in a patient with Powassan virus infection, Canada. A longitudinal hyperintensity of the anterior horn is visible from C3 to C6.Figure. Coronal T2-weighted image of cervical spinal cord in a patient with Powassan virus infection, Canada. A longitudinal hyperintensity of the anterior horn is visible from C3 to C6.

Results of paired convalescent arbovirus serology collected 1 month after symptom onset were positive. Testing at the National Microbiology Laboratory confirmed POWV infection (hemagglutination inhibition titer 1:80, plaque-reduction neutralization titer 1:160). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed infratentorial and supratentorial leptomeningeal enhancement. An MRI of the cervical spine showed increased T2-weighted signal involving the anterior horns from C3 to C6 (Figure; Appendix Figure).

Follow-up MRI of the brain and spine 1 month later showed interval resolution of leptomeningeal abnormalities, but abnormal signal within the anterior horn of the cervical spine remained. Electrodiagnostic testing repeated 6 months after symptom onset again showed normal sensory nerve conduction studies and abnormal motor nerve conduction studies. There was diffuse denervation in all cervical myotomes including the paraspinal muscles, confirming a motor neuronopathy consistent with a poliomyelitis-like presentation of POWV. We suspect that initial arbovirus serology was performed too early in the disease course, because paired serology 4 weeks later demonstrated seroconversion and confirmed diagnosis.

Our case shares similarities with a recently published report of POWV infection (9). In that case, a patient vacationing in the Luskville region of Quebec, Canada, experienced cranial nerve pathologies and flaccid weakness of the upper extremities. Electrodiagnostic testing showed evidence of diffuse denervation and reinnervation across multiple myotomes that was consistent with a motor neuronopathy. Imaging of the brain showed only mild hyperintensities that would not account for the patient’s disproportionate weakness. A spine MRI was not performed. As in our case, acute arbovirus serology results were initially negative but were positive in paired testing (9).

The incidence of POWV infection has increased since 2017 (7). I. scapularis ticks and deer tick virus may be becoming more widely disseminated in northern regions, potentially due to warming climates, whereas infection with prototypical POWV transmitted by I. cookei ticks remains rare and stable in distribution (10). It is possible that Canada will see an increasing number of cases similar to ours. Our findings emphasize the need to include POWV infection in the differential diagnosis for patients with polio-like symptoms in tick-endemic regions.

Dr. Picheca and Dr. Yogendrakumar are resident physicians specializing in neurology at the University of Ottawa. Dr. Picheca has an interest in infectious diseases. Dr. Yogendrakumar’s primary research interests are in stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.

Top

References

  1. McLEAN  DM, Donohue  WL. Powassan virus: isolation of virus from a fatal case of encephalitis. Can Med Assoc J. 1959;80:708–11.PubMedExternal Link
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Statistics & maps: Powassan virus. 2018 [cited 2019 Mar 13]. https://www.cdc.gov/powassan/statistics.html
  3. Corrin  T, Greig  J, Harding  S, Young  I, Mascarenhas  M, Waddell  LA. Powassan virus, a scoping review of the global evidence. Zoonoses Public Health. 2018 [cited 2019 Mar 13].
  4. Sung  S, Wurcel  AG, Whittier  S, Kulas  K, Kramer  LD, Flam  R, et al. Powassan meningoencephalitis, New York, New York, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19:19. DOIExternal LinkPubMedExternal Link
  5. Ebel  GD. Update on Powassan virus: emergence of a North American tick-borne flavivirus. Annu Rev Entomol. 2010;55:95–110. DOIExternal LinkPubMedExternal Link
  6. Santos  RI, Hermance  ME, Gelman  BB, Thangamani  S. Spinal cord ventral horns and lymphoid organ involvement in Powassan virus infection in a mouse model. Viruses. 2016;8:220. DOIExternal LinkPubMedExternal Link
  7. Hermance  ME, Thangamani  S. Powassan virus: an emerging arbovirus of public health concern in North America. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2017;17:453–62. DOIExternal LinkPubMedExternal Link
  8. Tavakoli  NP, Wang  H, Dupuis  M, Hull  R, Ebel  GD, Gilmore  EJ, et al. Fatal case of deer tick virus encephalitis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2099–107. DOIExternal LinkPubMedExternal Link
  9. Sanderson  M, Lindsay  LR, Campbell  TM, Morshed  M. A case of Powassan encephalitis acquired in southern Quebec. CMAJ. 2018;190:E1478–80. DOIExternal LinkPubMedExternal Link
  10. Fatmi  SS, Zehra  R, Carpenter  DO. Powassan virus—a new reemerging tick-borne disease. Front Public Health. 2017;5:342. DOIExternal LinkPubMedExternal Link

Figure. Coronal T2-weighted image of cervical spinal cord in a patient with Powassan virus infection, Canada. A longitudinal hyperintensity of the anterior horn is visible from C3 to C6.

__________________

**Comment**

Polio-like systems include:

  • Loss of reflexes
  • Severe muscle aches or weakness
  • Loose and floppy limbs (flaccid paralysis)
  • Muscle wasting (atrophy)
  • Breathing or swallowing problems

Remember, ticks are everywhere. I do not like how the authors state to consider POWV in “endemic regions.” Birds are transporting ticks everywhere – despite the weather.

For more:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/02/21/powassan-virus/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/06/28/powassan-can-kill/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/06/11/death-of-hampton-man-with-rare-tick-borne-virus-probed/  Read comment after article. 

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/05/18/powassan-and-bb-infection-in-wisconsin-and-u-s-tick-populations/

Nearly 80% of adult female I. scapularis ticks analyzed were collected from the northern half of the state (QNW and QNE) and accounted for 85% of POWV-positive ticks. While only 90 I. scapularis ticks were collected from the southern two quadrants, POWV-positive ticks were identified in both QSE and QSW. QNW I. scapularis ticks revealed the highest MLE of infection for both POWV and B. burgdorferi (4.67% and 23.42%, respectively).

Category:

research, Testing, Viruses