Archive for the ‘research’ Category

Estimating the Cost of Lyme – Patients Please Help By Filling Out Survey

http://www.beetlepress.com/estimating-cost-lyme-disease-united-states/

Estimating the Cost of Lyme Disease in the United States

laurie-johnson-e1529101738447

Climate Cost Project offers new economic data on Lyme disease

AMHERST—Laurie T. Johnson, the executive director and co-founder of the Climate Cost Project, said increased rates of Lyme disease have been linked to climate change, and are one of the more serious and least understood of its costs.

Her organization, the Climate Cost Project, is a new data and documentary project that is helping to uncover, understand and visualize the costs of climate change to American communities.

“We know very little about uninsured costs people across America are experiencing from climate change impacts. Having seen friends and families devastated both personally and financially by Lyme disease, we felt it was important to start understanding the real costs of the disease to individuals,” Johnson said.

She added that because insurance covers little to none of patients’ treatment costs, experts have no idea how much the disease actually costs individuals and society. But between medical treatment and lost work time, Johnson notes they can easily add up to hundreds of thousands of dollars in health care expenses and lost income.

Johnson, who holds a doctoral degree in economics, co-founded the project because, as an environmental economist and instructor at the University of Massachusetts, she understood how little data there was on the immediate costs of climate change to the American economy.

The project has created a data portal to allow individuals to report their climate costs on a range of climate issues, from flooding to tick-borne illness. Its other major mission is creating the Witnessing Change Video Competition, which invites documentarians to tell the stories of climate change from their own community in short video format.

According to the Center for Disease Control, the number of reported cases of Lyme disease—transmitted by ticks—has more than tripled in the United States since the late 1990s.

“Right now, the disease is highly regional, with 14 states in the Northeast and upper Midwest accounting for 95 percent of confirmed cases,” Johnson said, noting the disease is starting to spread rapidly, with ticks carrying Lyme disease in almost half of all counties across the country.

With few treatment options, and so few covered by insurance, patients are left on their own to find alternative treatments and pay for them, she said.

Consider Dana Carnegie’s story, for example.

Carnegie is a long-time resident of Amherst and works as the communications manager for Girl Scouts of Central & Western Massachusetts.

She contracted Lyme disease in 2006. A standard three-week course of antibiotics eliminated her classic flu-like symptoms at the time, but nine years later, new and more severe symptoms appeared, including debilitating joint pain, numbness, chronic exhaustion and memory loss.

Carnegie tested positive again for Lyme in 2015. This time her treatment took over two years, and much of it was not covered by insurance. She estimates she spent anywhere from $10,000 to $20,000, but feels lucky that she could afford it, had plenty of sick time to cover missed work, and feels fully recovered.

“Unfortunately, Dana’s story is not unique,” Johnson said, explaining that preliminary data from a new survey on Lyme disease costs from the Climate Cost Project finds over half of respondents spending at least $30,000.

Almost one-third spent over $75,000, some more than $200,000, Johnson said. But out of all this spending, only a handful reported experiencing no chronic symptoms at all over the last year. More than half also reported missing work, on average more than four years.

For context, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation, average uncovered costs for some of the most expensive out-of-pocket conditions cap out at around $2,000 per year.  For an analysis of who is most vulnerable for out-of-pocket expenses, visit https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/who-is-most-at-risk-for-high-out-of-pocket-health-spending/#item-start.

“We’ve heard from patients and physicians across the country with stories like Dana’s, many significantly worse. We believe the data is just the tip of the iceberg,” said Sieren Ernst, CEO and co-founder of the Climate Cost Project. “Compared to other diseases, out-of-pocket spending may be orders of magnitude higher for tick-borne illness than other diseases. The more data we are able to get from the survey, the clearer the picture we will have.”

The Climate Cost Project is currently looking for people impacted by tick-borne illness and flooding to complete its surveys. You can visit their surveys at www.climatecostproject.org/cic, and learn more about the tick-borne illness survey at https://www.climatecostproject.org/about-tick-borne-illness-survey.

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**Comment**

According to Canadian, independent tick researcher John Scott, who also happens to struggle with Lyme, the pandemic we are seeing with Lyme/MSIDS has nothing to do with climate change:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/08/14/canadian-tick-expert-climate-change-is-not-behind-lyme-disease/

He even goes as far to say it’s a red-herring to divert us from the fact nothing has been done to help patients for over 30 years.  A cover-up scheme dating back to the 80’s, it has nothing to do with tick movement as ticks are ecoadaptive and can tolerate wide temperature fluctuations. 

A quick test is to ask yourself what more climate change research will actually accomplish for patients.

Answer…..NADA.

I do hope that this study puts a dollar figure to the cost for patients.  That would be helpful intel and would demonstrate, clearly, just how devastating this pandemic truly is.

For a great video on ticks in winter: 

Ticks left overnight in 3 degrees sprang back to life once they warmed in Tom Mather’s hand…..

Then we have ticks on HOT beaches:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/07/ticks-on-beaches/

and caves:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/27/israeli-kids-get-lyme-disease-from-ticks-in-caves/

Do you REALLY believe climate change has anything to do with this plague?

Study Shows Dead Lyme Debris Persists in CNS Despite Antibiotics and Causes Inflammation

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/29922241/

Primary Human Microglia Are Phagocytically Active and Respond to Borrelia burgdorferi With Upregulation of Chemokines and Cytokines.

Greenmyer JR, et al. Front Microbiol. 2018.

Abstract

The Lyme disease causing bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi has an affinity for the central nervous system (CNS) and has been isolated from human cerebral spinal fluid by 18 days following Ixodes scapularis tick bite. Signaling from resident immune cells of the CNS could enhance CNS penetration by B. burgdorferi and activated immune cells through the blood brain barrier resulting in multiple neurological complications, collectively termed neuroborreliosis. The ensuing symptoms of neurological impairment likely arise from a glial-driven, host inflammatory response to B. burgdorferi.

To date, however, the mechanism by which the bacterium initiates neuroinflammation leading to neural dysfunction remains unclear. We hypothesized that dead B. burgdorferi and bacterial debris persist in the CNS in spite of antibiotic treatment and contribute to the continuing inflammatory response in the CNS.

To test our hypothesis, cultures of primary human microglia were incubated with live, antibiotic-killed and antibiotic-killed sonicated B. burgdorferi to define the response of microglia to different forms of the bacterium. We demonstrate that primary human microglia treated with B. burgdorferi show increased expression of pattern recognition receptors and genes known to be involved with cytoskeletal rearrangement and phagocytosis including MARCO, SCARB1, PLA2, PLD2, CD14, and TLR3. In addition, we observed increased expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic factors such as IL-6, IL-8, CXCL-1, and CXCL-10. Our data also indicate that B. burgdorferi interacts with the cell surface of primary human microglia and may be internalized following this initial interaction.

Furthermore, our results indicate that dead and sonicated forms of B. burgdorferi induce a significantly larger inflammatory response than live bacteria. Our results support our hypothesis and provide evidence that microglia contribute to the damaging inflammatory events associated with neuroborreliosis.

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**Comment**

The study in the following link corroborates the above study in that it did not find active CNS infection with Lyme encephalopathy:  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/891992

The following short video shows phagocytosis in action.  For those of my vintage, think of Pac Man gobbling up things in its path.  This is exactly what our immune cells (macrophages or white blood cells) do.  Notice that “special digestive enzymes” shred the bacterium into pieces.  This is why enzyme therapy can help Lyme/MSIDS patients – both digestive and systemic enzymes can help in numerous ways – one of which is by shredding the bacteria, and cleaning the blood of debris.  According to the above study, this debris is very probably ONE reason we have high inflammation, pain, and symptoms.  Anything you can do to clear out that debris is helpful.

Immune Cells Eating Bacteria (Phagocytosis)

Animation by: Fusion Medial Animation (www.fusionanimation.co.uk) Microscopy by: Timelapse Vision (http://timelapsevision.com)

This video describes the structure and function of microglia.

By Matt Jensen. Created by Matthew Barry Jensen.

________________________

For more on Enzymes:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/04/22/systemic-enzymes/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/03/05/how-proteolytic-enzymes-may-help-lyme-msids/

Lactoferrin, an iron-binding milk glycoprotein has also been found to help due to borrelia’s ability to hijack our plasminogen system allowing it to penetrate tissue barriers:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/03/lactoferrin-for-lyme/

DMSO & MSM may also help certain patients due to their anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, oxygenating, free radical scavenging, detoxifying, and antiparasitic properties.  Please read this article to understand both substances better.  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/03/02/dmso-msm-for-lyme-msids/

And, as always, please work with your medical practitioner and discuss ALL treatment ideas.  There are medical contraindications on nearly every substance and you need to be privy to them.

Ticks That Carry Lyme Disease Are Spreading Fast

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ticks-that-carry-lyme-disease-are-spreading-fast/

By Dennis Thompson HealthDay July 13, 2018, 5:25 PM

Ticks that carry Lyme disease are spreading fast

https://www.cbsnews.com/video/behind-the-surge-in-diseases-spread-by-mosquitoes-ticks-fleas/“>https://www.cbsnews.com/video/behind-the-surge-in-diseases-spread-by-mosquitoes-ticks-fleas/  (News story here)

Think you live in a place that’s free from disease-carrying ticks? Don’t be so sure.

Citizen scientists found ticks capable of transmitting Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses in dozens of places across the United States where the pests had never previously been recorded, a new study reports.

All told, disease-carrying ticks were detected in 83 counties where they’d never been found before across 24 states.

The numbers reflect a rise in tick populations across the country, said study author Nate Nieto. He’s an associate professor with Northern Arizona University’s department of biological sciences.

“People should be aware of ticks and tick-borne disease, even when they may think there’s not a recorded incidence of a tick in a county,” Nieto said. “These things, they’re not obeying borders. They’re going by biology. If they get moved there by a deer or bird or people or pets, they’re going to establish themselves and start growing.”

The massive nationwide study also provides evidence that ticks are born carrying infectious diseases, rather than picking germs up from the animals upon which they feed, said Wendy Adams, research grant director for the Bay Area Lyme Foundation, in California.

All life stages of the most commonly encountered ticks — the deer tick, the western black-legged tick and the lone star tick — carried the bacteria that causes Lyme disease, Adams said.

“That’s important, because that would say that a tick doesn’t need to acquire an infection from a blood meal. It’s born with the infection,” Adams explained.

These findings are the result of an unexpectedly successful effort by the Bay Area Lyme Foundation to collect tick samples from across the country.

Between January 2016 and August 2017, the foundation and Northern Arizona University offered free tick identification and testing to the general public. People were encouraged to send in ticks they found on themselves, their pets or around their communities.

The scientists’ original goal was to collect about 2,000 ticks. They wound up with more than 16,000, sent in by people from every state except Alaska.

“We got such a phenomenal participation,” Nieto said. “Two weeks in May, we got almost 2,000 packages per week. That is just powerful data.”

People found ticks in areas not represented in tracking maps maintained by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the researchers discovered.

Most of these new areas were right next to counties with known tick populations, Adams said.

“Ticks are spreading. Tick populations have exploded,” Adams said. “This is good data to show the extent of that. It’s a message to people that even if you think ticks aren’t a problem, they could be.”

The 24 states that contain counties with newly documented populations of deer ticks or Western black-legged ticks are Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Missouri, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin.

Further, ticks were found in states where they simply weren’t supposed to be, Adams said. Lone star ticks were found in California and black-legged ticks were found in Nevada, both for the first time ever.

People also found ticks carrying Babesia — microscopic parasites that infect red blood cells and cause the potentially life-threatening disease babesiosis — in 26 counties across 10 states in which the public health department does not require physicians to report cases of the disease.

The new study “highlights the geographic variability of ticks and the pathogens they carry,” said Dr. Paul Auwaerter, clinical director of infectious diseases at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore.

“Surveillance is increasingly important as we see climate and environmental changes, because we do see expanding ranges of ticks. We’ve seen that with Lyme disease. We’ve seen that with babesiosis,” said Auwaerter, president of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Adams agreed, suggesting that more funding should be directed to these sorts of crowd-sourced tracking efforts.

“We have to invest federal dollars to examine the spread of ticks,” she said.

In the meantime, the Bay Area Lyme Foundation suggests that people protect themselves from ticks by:

  • Wearing light-colored clothes to make ticks more visible.
  • Do regular tick checks after being in a tick-infested area, and shower immediately after to wash away ticks that might be crawling on you.
  • Consider using tick repellents like DEET for skin and permethrin for clothing.
  • Talk with your doctor if you develop any symptoms following a tick bite.

The new study was published online July 12 in the journal PLOS One.

https://www.cbsnews.com/video/lyme-disease-in-dogs-what-you-need-to-know/“>https://www.cbsnews.com/video/lyme-disease-in-dogs-what-you-need-to-know/ (News story here on Lyme Disease in Dogs)

________________

**Comment**

There has NEVER been a minimum time established for ticks to transmit the Lyme bacterium (or any other pathogen for that matter), so to exclaim with certainty that if the tick drops off the dog before 24 hours they will not get infected is pure conjecture. 

For more on that issue:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/04/14/transmission-time-for-lymemsids-infection/

Research on transmission times as well as transmission modes are desperately needed.

This article points out that ticks don’t require a blood meal that they can be BORN infected.  This is important information to disseminate as many still believe a blood meal is required for them to become infected.

 A telling quote:  “These things are not obeying borders.”

Nope.  And they never have.  This tick border thing is a man-made constructed paradigm that has never been accurate, but it’s fit the CDC/NIH/IDSA narrative.  http://steveclarknd.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/The-Confounding-Debate-Over-Lyme-Disease-in-the-South-DiscoverMagazine.com_.pdf (go to page 6 and read about Speilman’s maps which are faulty but have ruled like the Iron Curtain, and have been used to keep folks from being diagnosed and treated)

Time to pull the blinders off and look at this thing as the PANDEMIC it truly is.

Recently, Wisconsin had it’s first death from Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, transmitted by the Lone Star Tick that isn’t supposed to be in Wisconsin at all:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/07/10/first-rmsf-death-in-wisconsin/

The climate-change issue is another man-made paradigm regarding ticks who will be the last species on the planet besides the IRS:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/08/14/canadian-tick-expert-climate-change-is-not-behind-lyme-disease/

We don’t need any more climate studies regarding ticks.  What we need to know is how this thing is transmitted (sexual, congenital, via breastmilk as well as other bugs, etc), testing that picks up all the pathogens, how long it takes for transmission, how to control ticks, what effectively kills the pathogens, and how to get our treatments paid for by insurance).

So thankful they brought up Babesia; however, there are 18 and counting pathogens spread by ticks and we need mandatory reporting for ALL of them as well as proper and effective treatments paid for by insurance:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/07/01/one-tick-bite-could-put-you-at-risk-for-at-least-6-different-diseases/

Great work Bay Area Lyme Foundation!

Pediatricians State New WHO AEFI Guidelines Put Children’s Lives at Risk & 200 Evidence-based Reasons Not to Vaccinate

https://www.moneylife.in/article/new-guidelines-from-who-put-childrens-life-at-risk-paediatricians/54601.html

New Guidelines from WHO Put Children’s Life At Risk: Paediatricians

Moneylife Digital Team
06 July 2018

Two leading paediatricians in India have urged the World Health Organization (WHO) to urgently revise its manual on classification of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI), warning that the new guidelines put children’s life at risk.

This needs to be done “urgently in the interest of child safety,” Doctors Jacob Puliyel at St Stephen’s Hospital in Delhi, and Pathik Naik of Children Hospital in Surat, say in a report published in the prestigious journal ‘F1000Research’

Under WHO’s revised manual on AEFI, only those adverse reactions observed during clinical trials of a vaccine, should be classified as vaccine related. All new serious adverse reactions including deaths seen during post-marketing of the vaccine should be considered as ‘coincidental’ or ‘unclassifiable’, and the vaccine should not be blamed.

The WHO has also changed the definition of “causal association,” the doctors say. Under the revised guidelines, if there is an alternate explanation for the adverse event, or another factor is involved, causative association with vaccine should not be made.

“In other words, if after vaccination, a child with an underlying congenital heart disease develops cardiac failure, it would not be considered causally related to the vaccine.”

The revised classification by WHO “is a major step backward for patient safety,” the authors say, adding, “This could embolden vaccine manufacturers to be more reckless with regard to adverse reactions.”.

Puliyel and Naik note that the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety has documented many deaths in children with pre-existing heart disease after they were administered the pentavalent vaccine (combined diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Hib, and hepatitis-B vaccine).

“Under WHO’s new definition of causal association, these deaths would not be acknowledged as related to vaccination.”

Both Sri Lanka and Vietnam governments withdrew the pentavalent vaccine following the deaths of five children in Sri Lanka and 12 in Vietnam soon after vaccination.

But WHO investigating teams declared that the deaths were ‘unlikely’ to be related to vaccination, the report says. 

The authors point out that a new study in India, showed that the switch from DPT (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) to pentavalent vaccine almost doubled the deaths following vaccination.

“A large number of these deaths could have been avoided had the AEFI manual not been revised.”

According to their report, the consequence of India adopting WHO’s new classification can be seen from the causality assessment of 132 serious AEFI cases uploaded on the website of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Of the total AEFI cases, 54 babies died and 78 survived,

“but not even one death was classified as vaccine-related. Nearly all the deaths were simply classified as unclassifiable or coincidental.”

Vaccines are drugs used as a preventive measure, given to healthy persons.  Adverse events following immunization must be monitored more carefully than other drugs, the authors note.

“A credible immunization safety evaluation and monitoring system is essential for the success of immunization programmes.”

Adverse reaction and deaths may not show up as significantly increased in small safety studies. However, records of all deaths and serious adverse events following vaccinations should be maintained and periodically reviewed for safety signals.

According to the authors, WHO’s new AEFI classification scheme “that allows for an outright denial of any new causative association with vaccination” could fall foul of Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Adverse reaction and deaths may not show up as significantly increased in small safety studies. However, records of all deaths and serious adverse events following vaccinations should be maintained and periodically reviewed for safety signals.

“Paradoxically, the AEFI algorithm is said to be for vaccine safety,” says Puliyel. “Perhaps we need a scheme for public safety rather than vaccine safety.”

Please see:

200 Evidence-Based Reasons NOT To Vaccinate – FREE Research PDF

http://cdn.greenmedinfo.com/sites/default/files/gmipub_58635_anti_therapeutic_action_vaccination_all.pdf  Written By:  GreenMedInfo Research Group

Also, Lyme/MSIDS patients need to consider vaccinations very carefully as vaccines have reactivated latent infections:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/12/02/scottish-doctor-gives-insight-on-lyme-msids/…..young women who fell ill after their HPV vaccination, which seems to have stimulated a latent Lyme infection to reactivate.

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/04/24/gardasil-and-bartonella/   Asymptomatic girls after receiving Gardasil activated dormant Bartonella which was confirmed by testing.

Dr. Klinghardt in this article states that many patients improve after dealing with retroviruses which can be acquired from vaccines:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/23/the-role-of-retroviruses-in-chronic-illness-a-clinicians-perspective/  An unintended source of retroviruses are some vaccines as reported in Frontiers in Microbiology in January 2011.

Since retroviral contaminated vaccines was first reported to the CDC, NIH, FDA, and other government agencies in 1991 by American immunologist Elaine DeFreitas, the government did absolutely nothing for over two decades until the FDA approved technologies developed by the Cerus Corporation in 2014 to clean up the problem.

Microbiologist Judy Mikovitz sounded the alarm and was viciously persecuted:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/15/vaccines-and-retroviruses-a-whistleblower-reveals-what-the-government-is-hiding/

But unless your ear is to the ground, you probably didn’t even hear about it.  Yet many are probably dealing with it.

Data suggests that 6% of the U.S. population is harboring a retrovirus in their bodies that can develop into an acquired immune deficiency. It began with trials of polio vaccines and yellow fever vaccines given in the early 1930s. This is when the first recorded cases of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and autism appeared. It involved the use of laboratory mice to prepare vaccines for human use. Retrovirus exposure intensified in the 1970s as new vaccines and pharmaceutical products were developed. These retroviruses and related infectious agents are now associated with dozens of modern chronic illnesses – perhaps nearly all of them. In these diseases, infection leads to inflammation — and unresolved inflammation can lead to chronic disease.

Even though 20 million Americans are likely to be infected, not everyone will develop serious illness.  Retroviruses in the human body are like sleeping giants. They are quiet until they are activated in immune deficient people.  Once activated, they create diseases such as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, also called Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), Chronic Lyme disease, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), numerous cancers, and a wide range of other autoimmune, neuroimmune, and central nervous system diseases. 

These retroviruses can be passed between family members through body fluids.

It is not unusual to find a family where everyone tests positive for a retrovirus, but only one person is experiencing a retrovirus-related illness. Symptom free carriers are common in human retroviral infections.
And our government hid it.

Do your research on vaccines and think long and hard about it as acquiring Lyme/MSIDS can be the trigger that activates retroviruses and vice a versa.

 

We Have No Idea How Bad the US Tick Problem Is

https://www.wired.com/story/we-have-no-idea-how-bad-the-us-tick-problem-is/
AUTHOR: MEGAN MOLTENIMEGAN MOLTENI
SCIENCE
7.04.18

WE HAVE NO IDEA HOW BAD THE US TICK PROBLEM IS

WHEN RICK OSTFELD gets bitten by a tick, he knows right away. After decades studying tick-borne diseases as an ecologist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, New York, Ostfeld has been bitten more than 100 times, and his body now reacts to tick saliva with an intense burning sensation. He’s an exception. Most people don’t even notice that they’ve been bitten until after the pest has had time to suck up a blood meal and transfer any infections it has circulating in its spit.

Around the world, diseases spread by ticks are on the rise. Reported cases of Lyme, the most common US tick-borne illness, have quadrupled since the 1990s. Other life-threatening infections like anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever are increasing in incidence even more quickly than Lyme. Meat allergies caused by tick bites have skyrocketed from a few dozen a decade ago to more than 5,000 in the US alone, according to experts. And new tick-borne pathogens are emerging at a troubling clip; since 2004, seven new viruses and bugs transmitted through tick bite have shown up in humans in the US.

Scientists don’t know exactly which combination of factors—shifting climate patterns, human sprawl, deforestation—is leading to more ticks in more places. But there’s no denying the recent population explosion, especially of the species that carries Lyme disease: the black-legged tick.

“Whole new communities are being engulfed by this tick every year,” says Ostfeld. “And that means more people getting sick.”

Tick science, surveillance, and management efforts have so far not kept pace. But the country’s increasingly dire tick-borne disease burden has begun to galvanize a groundswell of research interest and funding.

In 1942, Congress established the CDC specifically to prevent malaria, a public health crisis spreading through mosquitoes. Which is why many US states and counties today still have active surveillance programs for skeeters. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention uses data from these government entities to regularly update distribution maps, track emerging threats (like Zika), and coordinate control efforts. No such system exists for ticks.

Public health departments are required to report back to the CDC on Lyme and six other tick-borne infections. Those cases combined with county-level surveys and some published academic studies make up the bulk of what the agency knows about national tick distribution. But this data, patchy and stuck in time, doesn’t do a lot to help public health officials on the ground.

“We’ve got national maps, but we don’t have detailed local information about where the worst areas for ticks are located,” says Ben Beard, chief of the CDC’s bacterial diseases branch in the division of vector-borne diseases. “The reason for that is there has never been public funding to support systematic tick surveillance efforts.”

That’s something Beard is trying to change. He says the CDC is currently in the process of organizing a nationwide surveillance program, which could launch within the year. It will pull data collected by state health departments and the CDC’s five regional centers about tick prevalence and the pathogens they’re carrying to build a better picture of where outbreaks and hot spots are developing, especially on the expanding edge of tick populations.

The CDC is also a few years into a massive nationwide study it’s conducting with the Mayo Clinic, which will eventually enroll 30,000 people who’ve been bitten by ticks. Each one will be tested for known tick diseases, and next-generation sequencing conducted at CDC will screen for any other pathogens that might be present. Together with patient data, it should provide a more detailed picture of exactly what’s out there.

Together, these efforts are helping to change the way people and government agencies think about ticks as a public health threat.

“Responsibility for tick control has always fallen to individuals and homeowners,” says Beard. “It’s not been seen as an official civic duty, but we think it’s time whole communities got engaged. And getting better tick surveillance data will help us define risk for these communities in areas where people aren’t used to looking for tick-borne diseases.”

The trouble is that scientists also know very little about which interventions actually reduce those risks.

“There’s no shortage of products to control ticks,” says Ostfeld. “But it’s never been demonstrated that they do a good enough job, deployed in the right places, to prevent any cases of tick-borne disease.”

In a double-blind trial published in 2016, CDC researchers treated some yards with insecticides and others with a placebo. The treated yards knocked back tick numbers by 63 percent, but families living in the treated homes were still just as likely to be diagnosed with Lyme.

Ostfeld and his wife and research partner Felicia Keesing are in the middle of a four-year study to evaluate the efficacy of two tick-control methods in their home territory of Dutchess County, an area with one of the country’s highest rates of Lyme disease. It’s a private-public partnership between their academic institutions, the CDC, and the Steven and Alexandra Cohen Foundation, which provided a $5 million grant.

Ostfeld and Keesing are blanketing entire neighborhoods in either a natural fungus-based spray or tick boxes, or both. The tick boxes attract small mammal hosts, which get a splash of tick-killing chemicals when they venture inside. They check with all the human participants every two weeks for 10 months of the year to see if anyone’s gotten sick. By the end of 2020 the study should be able to tell them how well these methods, used together or separately on a neighborhood-wide scale, can reduce the risk of Lyme.

“If we get a definitive answer that these work the next task would be to figure out how to make such a program more broadly available. Who’s going to pay for it, who’s going to coordinate it?” says Ostfeld. “If it doesn’t work then perhaps the conclusion is maybe environmental control just can’t be done.”

In that case, people would be stuck with pretty much the same options they have today: protective clothing, repellants, and daily partner tick-checks. It’s better than nothing. But with more and more people getting sick, the US will need better solutions soon.

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**Comment**

Great article pointing out the scary fact that only 6 pathogens transmitted by ticks are being reported on.  There are currently 18 pathogens and counting…..so the numbers are woefully inadequate.

Here’s the list so far:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/07/01/one-tick-bite-could-put-you-at-risk-for-at-least-6-different-diseases/

Babesiosis
Bartonellosis
Borrelia miyamotoi
Bourbon Virus
Colorado Tick Fever
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic Fever
Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis
Heartland Virus
Meat Allergy/Alpha Gal
Pacific Coast Tick Fever: Richettsia philipii
Powassan Encephalitis
Q Fever
Rickettsia parkeri Richettsiosis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
STARI: Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness
Tickborne meningoencephalitis
Tick Paralysis
Tularemia

And the number keeps growing…..but nobody’s keeping score.