In today’s podcast, I interview Dr. Evan Hirsch about common symptoms of and treatment for Babesia. Babesia is an intracellular parasite in the same family as malaria which causes a conglomeration of debilitating symptoms–one of which is severe sweating. Since ticks and other insects tend to have multiple types of bacteria, pathogens, and viruses in their bodies, it is fairly rare for someone to be just dealing with Borrelia alone. It’s vital to identify other potential parasites, toxins, and co-infections when considering treatment, but also to know the proper order to tackle them in so the body is prepared and draining properly first.
I want to hear from you. If you’ve been diagnosed or suspect Lyme, do you have any co-infections, like Babesia, Bartonella, Mycoplasma, Ehrlichia, or others? What are some of your symptoms? Let me know in the comments.
“I think I’m losing this battle,” the 58-year-old man told his wife one Saturday night nearly a year ago.
While she was at the theater — they’d bought the tickets months earlier — he had to crawl up the stairs on his hands and knees to get to bed. Terrible bone-shaking chills racked him, despite the thick layer of blankets. The chills were followed by sudden blasts of internal heat and drenching sweats that made him kick off the covers — only to haul them back up as the cycle repeated itself.
“I need to go to the E.R.,” he told his wife. He’d been there three times already. They’d give him intravenous fluids and send him home with the diagnosis of a viral syndrome. He would start to feel better soon, he was told. But he didn’t.
Too Sick to Work
This all began nine days before. That first day he called in sick to his job as a physical therapist. He felt feverish and achy,as if he had the flu. He decided to drink plenty of fluids, take it easy and go back to work the next day. But the next day he felt even worse. That’s when the fever and chills really kicked in. He was alternating between acetaminophen and ibuprofen, but the fever never let up. He’d started sleeping in the guest room because his sweat was soaking the sheets, and his chills shook the bed, waking his wife.
After three days of this, he made his first visit to the Yale New Haven Hospital emergency room. He was already taking antibiotics. Several weekends earlier, he developed a red, swollen elbow and went to an urgent-care center, where he was started on one antibiotic for a presumed infection. He took it for 10 days, but his elbow was still killing him. He went back to urgent care, where he was started on a broader-spectrum drug, which he had nearly finished. Now his elbow was fine. It was the rest of his body that ached as if he had the flu.
But at the hospital, his flu swab was negative. So was his chest X-ray. It was probably just a virus, he was told. He should take it easy until it passed. And come back if he got any worse.
High Fever
The next day his fever spiked above 105. He went again to the E.R. It was a mob scene — crowded with people who, like him, appeared to have the flu. It would be hours before he could be seen, he was told, because they already knew he didn’t have it. Discouraged, he went home to bed. He went back the next morning after a nurse called to say the E.R. was more manageable.
He might not have the flu, he thought, but he was sure he had something. But the E.R. doctor didn’t know what. He didn’t have chest pain or shortness of breath. No cough, no headache, no rash, no abdominal pain, no urinary symptoms. He felt weak but no longer achy. His heart was beating hard and fast, but otherwise his exam was fine. His white count was low — which was a little strange. White blood cells are expected to increase with an acute infection. Still, a virus can cause white counts to drop. His platelets — the tiny blood fragments that form clots — were also low. That can also be seen in viral infections, but it was less common.
No Help From His Internist
The E.R. staff sent the abnormal blood results to the patient’s primary-care provider and told the patient to follow up with him. He’d been trying get in to see him for days, but the doctor’s schedule was full. When he called again, he was told that the soonest he could be seen was the following week.
The patient asked the doctor to order blood tests to look for an infection in his blood. And could they also test him for tick-borne infections? This was Connecticut, after all. He dragged himself to the lab and then waited for his doctor to call with the results. The call never came. In his mind, he fired his doctor. He’d been sick for over a week, and the doctor’s office couldn’t arrange an appointment, and they couldn’t even call him with the lab results for the test he had to ask for in the first place.
Back to the Hospital
That Sunday morning after the man’s wife had been to the theater, he went once more to the emergency room. It was brought to the attention of the physician assistant on duty that the man had been there several times before and had lab abnormalities. She ordered a bunch of blood tests — looking for everything from H.I.V. to mono. She ordered another chest X-ray and started him on broad-spectrum antibiotics, as well as doxycycline, an antibiotic often used for tick-borne infections. He was given Tylenol for his fever and admitted to the hospital. As he was preparing to leave the emergency department, a new flu test came back positive. He was pretty sure he didn’t have it; he’d never heard of a flu being this bad for this long. But if he could stay in the hospital, where someone could monitor him, he was happy to take Tamiflu.
The lab called again the next day to say that the test had been read incorrectly; he did not have the flu. By then other results started to come in. It wasn’t an infection in his elbow. He didn’t have H.I.V.; he didn’t have mono or Lyme; he didn’t have any of the other respiratory viruses that, along with the worse influenza outbreak in years, had filled up so much of the hospital.
CreditIllustration by Andreas Samuelsson
Getting Better
Yet after a couple of days, the patient began to feel better. His fever came down. The shaking chills disappeared. His white count and platelets edged up. It was clear he was recovering, but from what? More blood tests were ordered, and an infectious-disease specialist consulted.
Gabriel Vilchez, the infectious-disease specialist in training, reviewed the chart and examined the patient. He thought that the patient most likely had a tick-borne infection. The hospital had sent off blood to test for the usual suspects in the Northeast: Lyme, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Except for the Lyme test, which was negative, none of the results had come back yet. Vilchez considered that given the patient’s symptoms — and his response to the doxycycline — it would turn out that he’d have one of them.
And yet, the results for tick-borne infections were negative. Vilchez thought about other tick-borne diseases that are not on the usual panel. The most likely was Rocky Mountain spotted fever (R.M.S.F.).The name is a misnomer: R.M.S.F. is much more common in the Smoky Mountains than the Rocky Mountains, and the spotted-fever part, the rash, is not seen in all cases. It’s unusual to acquire the infection in Connecticut but not unheard-of. Vilchez sent off blood to be tested for R.M.S.F. The following day, the patient felt well enough to go home. A couple of days later, he got a call. He had Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
A Diagnostic Delay
Why did the diagnosis take so long? The patient had an unusual infection. But perhaps the bigger issue was that he was one of many patients in the emergency room with flulike symptoms in the midst of a flu epidemic. Under those circumstances, the question for the staff simply becomes: Does he have the flu? When the answer is no, doctors tend to move on to the next very sick patient in line. It’s hard to get back to the question of what the nonflu patient does have.
For the patient, recovery has been tough. Though the antibiotic helped with the acute symptoms, it took months before he had the stamina to resume his usual patient load at work. He feels that the illness brought him as close to dying as he had ever been. Indeed, Rocky Mountain spotted fever is one of the most dangerous of all the tick-borne infections, with a mortality rate as high as 5 percent even with current antibiotics.
One thing he was certain about, however: He needed a new primary-care doctor. And he got one.
Lisa Sanders, M.D., is a contributing writer for the magazine and the author of “Every Patient Tells a Story: Medical Mysteries and the Art of Diagnosis.” If you have a solved case to share with Dr. Sanders, write her at Lisa.Sandersmd@gmail.com.
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**Comment**
This is playing out all over the world. He was one of the lucky ones to finally get an accurate diagnosis.
It is interesting; however, that they are quick to state he doesn’t have the other tick-borne infectionswhen the testing for all of them misses over half of all cases. Once they gave him doxy, they should have retested him. This is called a “provocation test” and is used by many LLMD’s (Lyme literate doctors) as they’ve learned this often finally shows an active infection(s) due to the ability of the body to NOW see the pathogens in the blood stream allowing antibodies to be made and picked up by the tests.
RMSF is a nasty beast on it’s own; however, this man should be monitored over time. If symptoms come back or new ones show up, TBI’s should be suspected.
It’s also a mind boggler how in Connecticut of all places, TBI’s wouldn’t be the FIRST thing medical practitioners think of. It’s literally ground zero.
It’s also been found to be spread by the common brown dog tick:
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/08/16/new-tick-causes-epidemic-of-rmsf/ It’s usually spread by the American dog tick and the closely related Rocky Mountain wood tick. But in recent years the bacterial infection has also been spread by the brown dog tick — a completely different species…The researchers were investigating an epidemic of the infection that broke out in the border town of Mexicali starting in 2008. It’s already sickened at least 4,000 people, according to Mexican government estimates. Several hundred have died, and at least four people have died in the U.S. after crossing the border, according to this report and others.
“I was absolutely startled,” Foley said in an interview.
The people who had been sickened in Mexicali had a heavy load of the infectious agent in their blood — something that had not been seen in past outbreaks. The epidemic is worrisome because the brown dog tick is more likely to bite people and it adapts easily to living in a house, as opposed to living on wild animals, the researchers said.
“The Rocky Mountain spotted fever epidemic in Mexicali has not been contained and may be spreading to other parts of Baja California and into the United States,” the team wrote.
And now it’s possible that for some reason, the infection the brown dog tick transmits is more virulent, Foley said.
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/21/mom-got-rocky-mountain-spotted-fever-while-picking-pumpkins/ “When you go to these pumpkin patches and petting zoos and all those fun fall activities, wear pants, long socks and shoes!” “Make sure you check for tics! This was me 2 years ago after being bit by a tick and contracting Rocky Mountain spotted fever at a pumpkin patch,” she continued. “I couldn’t walk, my whole body was in pain, my hair fell out, and I almost died.”
My journey was similar with the same issue in both my elbow and knee in the middle of January in Wisconsin. I was told, and I promise I didn’t make this up, that I had “Washer Woman’s Knee,” and “Barstool elbow.”
I kid you not.
Now, first, I use a mop and rarely get on my knees. Second, I assure you, I’m not sitting at the bar and have NO reason to have a red, swollen, excruciatingly painful elbow.
Please remember, Lyme is the rock star we all know by name. There are many, many other players involved and people are often coinfected. Mainstream medicine has yet to accept and deal with this very real fact.
A 67-year-old woman presented with 5 days of myalgias and fevers on completion of a 21-day course of amoxicillin for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi infection). She was found to have profound thrombocytopenia, as well as new anaemia and leucopenia. Workup revealed Babesia microti as the causative agent of her symptoms. The patient quickly improved after appropriate antimicrobial therapy directed against babesiosis was started. This case illustrates the importance of basic microbiology, including epidemiology and common vectors, when creating a differential diagnosis. Because the Ixodes scapularis tick can harbour and transmit multiple parasites simultaneously, the possibility of coinfection should be considered in any patient not responding to appropriate initial medical therapy.
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**Comment**
Expect a lot more articles like this.
Word is finally getting out that Lyme is just the Rock Star we all know by name but there are a lot of wanna be’s right behind him that haven’t made the news. Research still hasn’t been done showing the synergistic effects of all of this together on the human body.
Lyme alone is a formidable foe that shape shifts to avoid treatment and the immune system that persists for many despite treatment.
Throw in Babesia, Bartonella, Mycoplasma, viruses, Nematodes (parasitic worms), and stuff not even named yet and a scary but telling picture begins to emerge.
Please note that Dr. Horowitiz, a prominent Lyme literate doctor (LLMD) recommends 9 months to a year of solid treatment for Babesia. He’s finding it to be particularly tenacious.
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/08/two-cases-of-babesia/(They typically blame “severe” cases on a compromised immune system like a missing spleen but here we see someone as healthy as a horse all of a sudden develop shock and near respiratory failure). If you have Lyme & Babesia &/or any other coinfection, your immune system is severely compromised.
The risk for tickborne exposure to Babesia microti infection exists statewide in Massachusetts. Broad exposure complicates investigations of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis (TTB). We summarize 8 years of the epidemiology of TTB and highlight the role of public health in prevention and control.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
Cases of babesiosis are routinely reported to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. These are investigated to determine whether they meet the surveillance case definition and to identify whether they were potentially transfusion transmitted. Frequencies from 2009 to 2016 are described and incidence rates calculated using population denominators from the US census. Changes over time were analyzed using simple linear regression.
RESULTS
From 2009 to 2016, there were 2578 cases of babesiosis reported; of these, 45 (1.7%) were transfusion transmitted.Of the 45 cases of TTB, 15 (33%) received blood products from two or more suppliers. In 11 TTB cases, the Department of Public Health was notified first, who in turn notified the appropriate blood provider. In 2009, the crude rate of reported babesiosis was 1.2 per 100,000 population and increased significantly through 2016 to 7.8 per 100,000 population (p = 0.006). The number of blood donors reported with laboratory evidence of B. microti infection increased from 19 in 2012 to 78 in 2016; at the same time, the number of TTB cases decreased from six to three.
CONCLUSION
TTB remains a major challenge, and blood donor screening strategies are currently in the process of implementation. While population and environmental changes facilitate increases in babesiosis, donor screening has the potential to eliminate TTB.
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**Comment**
One problem with blood is ……Asymptomatic individuals with Babesia infection are able to donate blood in the United States because of the lack of specific blood donation testing. Blood products collected in Babesia-endemic areas are distributed nationally; thus, clinicians in nonendemic states may fail to include babesiosis in the differential diagnosis of a patient who had a recent transfusion history and a fever of unknown origin.https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/08/08/transfusion-transmitted-babesiosis-in-nonendemic-areas/
A Case of Lyme Carditis Presenting with Atrial Fibrillation
Peter J. Kennel,1 Melvin Parasram,2 Daniel Lu,3 Diane Zisa,1 Samuel Chung,1 Samuel Freedman,1 Katherine Knorr,1 Timothy Donahoe,1 Steven M. Markowitz,3 and Hadi Halazun3
Published 2 September 2018
Academic Editor: Kjell Nikus
Abstract
We report a case of a 20-year-old man who presented to our institution with a new arrhythmia on a routine EKG. Serial EKG tracings revealed various abnormal rhythms such as episodes of atrial fibrillation, profound first degree AV block, and type I second degree AV block. He was found to have positive serologies for Borrelia burgdorferi. After initiation of antibiotic therapy, the atrial arrhythmias and AV block resolved. Here, we present a case of Lyme carditis presenting with atrial fibrillation, a highly unusual presentation of Lyme carditis.
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**Comment**
Sigh….there it is again – “highly unusual presentation of Lyme carditis……”
Nothing about Lyme is rare. It’s just not reported. Please remember, most of these patients for the past 40 years have been told they are imagining their symptoms and, “it’s all in their head.” Autopsies have rarely been done on these people and they have faced denial the entire time.
Madison Area Lyme Support Group 