Many today on social media claim viruses don’t exist.
Surprisingly, a few physicians and PhD scientists have joined this chorus.
Some are now even saying DNA is fake.
Are these people correct?
It makes sense to be skeptical of virus claims, especially since the public was lied to extensively about Covid origins, treatments, vaccines, lockdowns, social distancing, masks, and numbers of Covid infections, cases, and deaths, based on misuse of PCR tests among other things.
But a vast amount of data indicates viruses do exist.
Viruses are a fundamental part of our planet’s biology, yet their nature is strange.
A virus is an infectious agent composed of genetic material — either DNA or RNA — enclosed within a protective protein coat called a capsid.
Some viruses are further enveloped in a lipid membrane stolen from the host cell.
They are considered noncellular and are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they cannot replicate on their own.
Instead, they must hijack the energy and molecular machinery of a living cell to create more copies of themselves.
This unique mode of existence, on the border between living and nonliving, has been demonstrated through more than a century of scientific investigation across numerous fields.
Viruses infect all domains of life — bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes — and display diverse shapes, sizes, and genome types.
Virus-encoded proteins follow a limited set of genome expression “routes” (the Baltimore classes) and are formally classified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). (PMC)
Operational definition
ICTV defines viruses operationally as mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that encode at least one major virion protein forming the particle that packages the genome, or clear descendants of such entities. (ICTV)
Virions and genome types
Virions are nanoscale particles composed of virus-encoded proteins that package genomes made of RNA or DNA, single- or double-stranded. ICTV hosts the official taxonomy browser and Master Species List (MSL) that catalogue this diversity. (ICTV)
Virus taxonomy is hierarchical and genome informed
ICTV now uses a 15-rank hierarchy (from realm to species), aligning with comparative genomics across the virosphere. (Nature)
Key properties of viruses:
- Submicroscopic size (typically 20–300 nm)
- Simplified structure (genome + capsid, sometimes an envelope)
- Obligate dependence on host cells
- Genetic variation and evolution
- Production of progeny virions that can infect new cells.
- Transmission between hosts with high specificity and through various routes (respiratory, fecal-oral, vector borne, etc.).
Below are 80 key lines of evidence, gathered from microscopy, molecular and evolutionary biology, genetics, immunology, and clinical medicine, that build an ironclad case for the existence and nature of viruses.
If just about any one of the 80 peer-reviewed studies or review papers below is true, spanning from Rivers’ 1937 modification of Koch’s postulates to today, it debunks the claim “there are no viruses.” (See link for article and video)
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https://hillmd.substack.com/p/yes-viruses-transmit-between-mammals?
Yes, viruses transmit between mammals including humans: ten studies
And yes, people become infected when inoculated with the Covid virus, find two challenge studies (Updated 9/2/25)
Dr. James Hill
Sept. 1, 2023
10 peer-reviewed studies showing viruses can spread among mammals, including humans:
Summary: At the Salisbury Common Cold Unit, volunteers inoculated with rhinovirus were housed with susceptible subjects. Transmission occurred via both direct contact and aerosols, demonstrating natural spread in a controlled setting.
Citation: Gwaltney JM Jr, Hendley JO, Simon G, Jordan WS Jr. Rhinovirus infections in an industrial population. IV. Natural transmission of infection. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1966;64(1):28-34.
PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4285761/ • DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-1-28
Summary: Experimentally infected “donors” transmitted rhinovirus to susceptible “recipients” via hand contact under controlled conditions.
Citation: Gwaltney JM Jr, Moskalski PB, Hendley JO. Hand-to-hand transmission of rhinovirus colds. Ann Intern Med.1978;88(4):463-467.
PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/205151/ • DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-4-463
Summary: Healthy adults touched objects seeded by infected donors, then their own mucosa; 50–56% became infected. Disinfectant markedly reduced recoverable virus.
Citation: Gwaltney JM Jr, Hendley JO. Transmission of experimental rhinovirus infection by contaminated surfaces. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;116(5):828-833.
PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6293304/ • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113473 (PubMed)
Summary: At the Common Cold Unit, inoculated volunteers transmitted coxsackievirus A21 to susceptible volunteers under controlled housing conditions.
Citation: Buckland FE, Bynoe ML, Tyrrell DAJ. Experiments on the spread of colds. II. Studies in volunteers with coxsackievirus A21. J Hyg (Lond). 1965;63(3):327-343.
PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5318065/ • PDF (Cambridge): https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D670B9E2A0978FDA6150365761B27D1B/S0022172400045228a.pdf/experiments_on_the_spread_of_colds_ii_studies_in_volunteers_with_coxsackievirus_a21.pdf
Summary: Healthy volunteers inhaled small-particle aerosols with quantified influenza A; typical illness ensued at very low doses — clear airborne transmission in humans.
Citation: Alford RH, Kasel JA, Gerone PJ, Knight V. Human influenza resulting from aerosol inhalation. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1966;122(3):800-804.
PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5918954/ • DOI page: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3181/00379727-122-31255 (Open PDF: https://www.ebm-journal.org/journals/experimental-biology-and-medicine/articles/10.3181/00379727-122-31255/pdf)
Summary: In a quarantine facility, inoculated “donors” mingled with susceptible “recipients”; after adjusting for baseline immunity, the secondary attack rate was ~25%.
Citation: Killingley B, Enstone JE, Greatorex J, et al. Use of a human influenza challenge model to assess person-to-person transmission: proof-of-concept study. J Infect Dis. 2012;205(1):35-43.
PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22131338/ • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir701
Summary: Unadapted human influenza A transmitted between guinea pigs housed together, in adjacent cages, and nearly 1 m apart — establishing a robust mammalian model.
Citation: Lowen AC, Mubareka S, Tumpey TM, García-Sastre A, Palese P. The guinea pig as a transmission model for human influenza viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103(26):9988-9992.
PNAS (DOI): https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0604157103 (PDF: https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0604157103) (PNAS)
Summary: Infected ferrets transmitted SARS-CoV-2 to naïve ferrets both by direct contact and through the air (adjacent cages).
Citation: Kim YI, Kim SG, Kim SM, et al. Infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets. Cell Host Microbe. 2020;27(5):704-709.e2.
PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32259477/ (Open PDF: https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/pdf/S1931-3128%2820%2930187-6.pdf) (PubMed, Cell)
Summary: Independent replication showing efficient contact and airborne transmission between ferrets.
Citation: Richard M, Kok A, de Meulder D, et al. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted via contact and via the air between ferrets.Nat Commun. 2020;11:3496.
Article (open access): https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17367-2 • PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32641684/
Summary: Infected hamsters efficiently transmitted virus to naïve cage mates; recipients lost weight and seroconverted — establishing a strong small-mammal model.
Citation: Sia SF, Yan LM, Chin AWH, et al. Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters. Nature.2020;583:834-838.
Article (open access): https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2342-5 • PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32408338/ (PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7394720/)
Researchers also performed two human SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge studies, where volunteers snorted the virus up their nose (self-inoculation) to see if they became infected.
It turns out they did get infected:
Summary: This was the first SARS-CoV-2 human challenge study. Healthy, young, seronegative adults were intranasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 under controlled quarantine. The study established viral kinetics, safety, and infectivity. It did not include exposing uninfected volunteers to inoculated ones.
Citation: Killingley B, Mann AJ, Kalinova M, et al. Safety, tolerability and viral kinetics during SARS-CoV-2 human challenge in young adults. Nature Medicine. 2022;28:1031-1041.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01780-9
Publisher link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01780-9
Summary: This follow-up study profiled immune and epithelial cell responses after controlled intranasal inoculation of healthy, seronegative young adults. It provided detailed cellular and molecular insights, again without person-to-person exposure.
Citation: Lindeboom RGH, Worlock KB, Dratva LM, et al. Human SARS-CoV-2 challenge uncovers local and systemic response dynamics. Nature. 2024;630:86-94.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07575-x
Publisher link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07575-x
It’s mainly an ethics issue:
- Ethical barriers: Unlike influenza or rhinovirus studies at the Common Cold Unit, SARS-CoV-2 presents risks of severe or long-term illness, making intentional volunteer-to-volunteer transmission unethical.
- Controlled approach: All SARS-CoV-2 human challenge studies to date use direct intranasal inoculation under quarantine to control risks.
- Evidence base: To study transmission, researchers rely instead on animal models (ferrets, hamsters, guinea pigs) and observational human data (household studies, outbreak clusters) rather than deliberate person-to-person exposure in healthy volunteers.
Note: Just because viruses exist and can transmit between hosts does not mean government and media are telling you the truth about everything or that Covid is not a bioweapon operation.
For more:
Madison Area Lyme Support Group 