Natural Immunity Protects Against Severe Infection & Statistical Evidence In Support of Early Outpatient COVID Treatment Protocols

January 4, 2024

https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/natural-immunity-protects-against

Natural Immunity Protects Against Severe Infection Throughout Pandemic

Study Indicates Prior Infection, Milder Strains were Protective while Vaccination Backfired and Increased Risk of Hospitalization

PETER MCCULLOUGH, MD
JAN 4, 2024

When a patient called from from 2022 forward with a new episode of COVID-19, the first thing I asked them was “have you had COVID-19 in the past?” This is such an important question because that natural immunity has been powerful in mitigating risks of future COVID-19 hospitalization.

Uuskula et al leveraged a nationwide database in Estonia to give critical information on the changing waves of COVID-19 infection:

Abstract

A large proportion of the world’s population has some form of immunity against SARS-CoV-2, through either infection (‘natural’), vaccination or both (‘hybrid’). This retrospective cohort study used data on SARS-CoV-2, vaccination, and hospitalization from national health system from February 2020 to June 2022 and Cox regression modeling to compare those with natural immunity to those with no (Cohort1, n = 94,982), hybrid (Cohort2, n = 47,342), and vaccine (Cohort3, n = 254,920) immunity.

  • In Cohort 1, those with natural immunity were at lower risk for infection during the Delta (aHR 0.17, 95%CI 0.15–0.18) and higher risk (aHR 1.24, 95%CI 1.18–1.32) during the Omicron period than those with no immunity. Natural immunity conferred substantial protection against COVID-19-hospitalization.
  • Cohort 2—in comparison to natural immunity hybrid immunity offered strong protection during the Delta (aHR 0.61, 95%CI 0.46–0.80) but not the Omicron (aHR 1.05, 95%CI 0.93–1.1) period. COVID-19-hospitalization was extremely rare among individuals with hybrid immunity.
  • In Cohort 3, individuals with vaccine-induced immunity were at higher risk than those with natural immunity for infection (Delta aHR 4.90, 95%CI 4.48–5.36; Omicron 1.13, 95%CI 1.06–1.21) and hospitalization (Delta aHR 7.19, 95%CI 4.02–12.84).
These results show that risk of infection and severe COVID-19 are driven by personal immunity history and the variant of SARS-CoV-2 causing infection.

https://drlf.substack.com/p/presentation-statistical-evidence

Presentation: Statistical evidence from case series data in support of early outpatient COVID-19 treatment protocols

by Eleftherios Gkioulekas, Ph.D.
JAN 1, 2024
Transcript
On March 23, 2020, Dr. Vladimir Zelenko announced his treatment protocol for COVID-19, which consisted of risk stratifying patients as high-risk vs low-risk, and treating high-risk patients with a multi-drug therapy consisting of a 5 day treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and zinc sulfate.  Dr. Zelenko defined three categories of high-risk patients: (a) all patients older than 60 years; (b) patients that are immunocompromised or have comorbidities or have BMI>30kg/m2; (c) all patients not satisfying the previous two conditions that develop shortness of breath.
Dr. Zelenko’s protocol was incrementally improved by including a quercetin protocol for low-risk patients to reduce severity of symptoms, the adoption of dexamethasone and nebulized bdesonide at the beginning of May 2020, and the adoption of the blood thinner Eliquis at the end of May 2020, and the beginning of June 2020.  With these adaptations, Dr. Zelenko’s protocol evolved into what is now the well-known McCullough protocol [1].
(See link for paper & presentation)
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research, Treatment, Viruses

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