https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0952791522000346
CD4 T cell responses in persistent Borrelia burgdorferi infection
Available online 9 May 2022, Version of Record 9 May 2022.
Highlights
- •Multiple immune evasion strategies support B. burgdorferi (Bb) persistent infection.
- •CD4 Th1 polarization correlates with Bb-induced disease not protection.
- •Neither protective Th2 nor Th17 polarization are induced to Bb infection.
- •Strong Tfh induction but impaired T-dependent B cell responses after Bb infection.
- •CD4 T cells may be a host cell target of Bb-induced immune evasion strategies.
Infection of mice with Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), a tick-transmitted spirochete and the pathogen that causes Lyme disease in humans, triggers CD4 T cell activation in secondary lymphoid tissues, from which they disseminate into various infected tissues. Despite their activation and the appearance of CD4 T cell-dependent antibody responses, Bb establishes persistent infection in natural Bb reservoir hosts in the absence of overt disease, raising the question of the effectiveness of the anti-Bb T cell responses. Reviewing the existing literature, we propose that CD4 T cells might constitute a host cell target of Bb-mediated immune evasion, rendering these cells ineffective in orchestrating effective inflammatory responses and in supporting highly functional Bb-specific antibody induction. Supporting the induction of more effective CD4 T cell responses may help overcome Bb persistence.
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For more:
- https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2022/03/21/case-study-autopsy-results-on-alzheimers-death-showed-chronic-brain-infection/
- https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2022/04/25/tulane-researcher-asks-could-chronic-lyme-contribute-to-alzheimers-dementia/
- https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/03/09/the-long-term-persistence-of-borrelia-burgdorferi-antigens-dna-in-the-tissues-of-lyme-disease-patient/
- https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2015/09/19/proof-of-borrelia-persistence/
- https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/10/21/more-evidence-of-lyme-organism-persistence-peptidoglycan-is-only-produced-by-metabolically-active-spirochetes/
- https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/08/25/sleeper-cells-the-stringent-response-and-persistence-in-the-borreliella-burgdorferi-enzootic-cycle/
- https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/04/17/persistent-borrelia-infection-in-patients-with-ongoing-symptoms-of-lyme-disease/
- https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/04/13/chronic-lyme-post-mortem-study-needed-to-end-the-lyme-wars/
- https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2021/12/21/borrelia-burgdoeri-co-localizing-with-amyloid-markers-in-alzheimers-disease-brain-tissues/
- Peer-Reviewed Evidence of Persistence of Lyme:MSIDS copy
Madison Area Lyme Support Group 