Archive for the ‘research’ Category

Seroprevalence of Bb in Belgian Forestry Workers & Assoc. Risk Factors

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29716647

Parasit Vectors. 2018 May 2;11(1):277. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2860-2.

Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in Belgian forestry workers and associated risk factors.

De Keukeleire M1,2, Robert A3, Luyasu V3, Kabamba B4, Vanwambeke SO5.

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
As forest is the preferred environment for ticks, forestry workers are exposed to tick bites and tick-borne diseases. We assessed the seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) antibodies and investigated, using an integrated landscape approach, the individual and environmental factors associated with the seroprevalence of Bb in Belgian forestry workers, a high-risk group in Belgium.
METHODS:
A group of 310 Belgian forest workers was examined to assess the seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia IgG antibodies. Using principal component analysis and binary logistic regression, the joint effects of individual characteristics and environmental characteristics were examined.
RESULTS:
Sixty-seven of the 310 workers were seropositive for Lyme disease (LD), leading to a seroprevalence of 21.6%. The seroprevalence was higher among forest workers visiting forests more frequently (P = 0.003) or who reported over 100 tick bites (P-value < 0.001). The intensity of tick bites and the use of protection measures against tick bites have a positive impact on LD seroprevalence while the quantity of shadow from trees at ground level had a negative one.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study showed that forest workers are a population at risk for LD and, by extension, at risk for various tick-borne diseases. In addition to the role of the environment, our results also showed the importance of considering exposure when predicting the risk of infection by Bb.

Category:

Activism, Lyme, research, Ticks

Study Conforms Permethrin Causes Ticks To Drop Off Clothing

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tick-repellent-permethrin-clothing-really-works-study/?ftag=CNM-00-10aac3a

By AMY NORTON HEALTHDAY May 25, 2018, 11:49 AM

Study confirms this method of repelling ticks really does work

Tick bites can transmit Lyme disease.

BERTRAND GUAY / AFP/GETTY IMAGES

Outdoor enthusiasts: Here’s a bit of good tick-fighting news just in time for Memorial Day weekend and the unofficial start of summer. A new U.S. government study confirms that insecticide-treated clothes marketed for preventing tick-borne ills do, in fact, thwart the pests.

In lab tests of clothes bought from one manufacturer, researchers found that the garments either quickly caused ticks to fall off, or rendered them unable to bite.

The study involved three types of ticks that, in the United States, are major carriers of disease — including Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and what’s known as southern tick-associated rash illness, or STARI.

The clothes were pretreated with permethrin, a synthetic form of an insect-thwarting compound from the chrysanthemum flower. It’s used in insecticide sprays and shampoos and creams that treat lice and scabies.

Several companies already market permethrin-treated shirts, pants, socks and other clothing, as a way to ward off disease-transmitting pests. The new study adds to evidence that the garments are indeed toxic to ticks, according to senior researcher Lars Eisen, of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“All tested tick species and life stages experienced the ‘hot-foot’ effect after coming into contact with permethrin-treated clothing,” Eisen said.

https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/embed/video/?v=d4e4a4f57f075b1307e6934846008d5f35c4c637#vVdrb9vGEv0rC35ov2glvkRSAgLDtZ2mSZqodl73RoWw5A7FjUgus7u0pBj%2B750lKSt2k5vitg1gg9Q%2BzsycefLGuRYcpDO%2FcXirmBGyduazYORUze4S8l%2B4M3cuvOfl6UfYvKqjD%2F4bFdbvzqrLp9Gz84%2F%2F2X98eZY6I8cUbZXWTJR4vDCm0fPlZDnJUl3DVvtjfBHaIHo2zmS1nBRtupyI5UQtJ77rJcuJG%2BIb%2Frs8DuMozakXujENvSmjSZhllLsRhDnkPPHd5eRO2nIShe4uiHDNj5PEzwFglscxn8ZZksQhTHkUxTxxg9TK8ENaACtNQVGTjaau2%2F3NqD%2Bj2oiydF2PetNpMHMTOiCPPzRra6BsRFazCtDAJx3GYXHBFNTmqmzX1vbDFjRCS46nvZGjgWlLq%2BM59se6wvP9hsos8UWp7SMVBh1gr7iuO3IaYbl%2FCefF%2Ft314nlw%2Bc5K3DdWA3tj5LTqQHfHtmgYRzMUsErU6%2FFAfk94BVwwfDS7h4x7vpf4Uzdw48TzepJWvRWrjqRVz8ds5f7PzXEVtIlzO7Kqra6ZEqw2q6aQNXzVtN3zT9tQ%2Fvfy8vStd8%2B0B%2Fe%2Ft6Gd1C%2FaY1hagvmqQW9mL39eXLLsQu0uvmzQAPC9LerF3pmkTNXcMyLGWD%2Ba8Vqt3n68arOE12%2BOZnSXDorfVKwWOWgzr5GrW7vXJ3wzS4IoGANfQ57pcQ1mOZE1BzzPl5MT1priEVr3AxN58%2Bga0%2B0HXWJleHTTPRYKcrG7vUmRiM1tv%2FZYlLBgprgdePi%2FKIhX8SwaV034APNoRx5Wt3fuGPin18WYbVjFRMF7Uz4tJz3CfG5UC%2FOclRpux5mubC06gI0R7IiMrP8FZPENZG1AdQ68A761rtyKXNx3pfXknSvjy9Pf3sW%2FXC52LzdHV3aX%2FhSDXG7rUjL%2BD0cfUh%2B6lvqHySTN1zNppz49O3%2BWPo1%2B%2Bu3sy5lkb3%2FvNEKZdzkUrO8p79%2BjfRFd1OfiyZ4pXx7VD9bfkXT%2FQDrqqttUZ0qkwM9kbbrmc4NtH7a2LDhdvH12SDl98I0coSMXicwVq7NCaLi3cbFD0%2B%2BthAnmr4UdVjvJTaNAY3ur27Ic9bOGEcaKdS4wqMmpRneSTneSKvQa6c0hSugNMZK8Hl%2BN7%2FHWjxbb7fY%2BZx30coKt1lBmQYce34Ee2r4FpUbSlurlxDbjvmv%2F5UtWkbZzcT4Nwzj2Ehom3pSGPGZ0BtGUxrPExYHFDb1g6gwGc9jgjVOCyhLdQCZAE5l3RpOCod0ANW5geAEnoiYv8NxTUBr2JJeKmAJILhSSZUQFI4KllMCuAWU0wdmDZLLOQNV41xTMEGFwpS05yZhSe8IIZ%2FUalGw1uRaq1WPy9uynK%2FrqzY%2BaXGDFAfJYoH%2BJgkYi5PigdaNkJQvoBsAdOi37ppfQ4Vjg5aJke2eOyYABkm3wsA03oS9qG278EG9MIVwJp9gRpLJj5nvHj1kIM9%2BlEUtS6nng0xn3fJzRvCSHhLlu6jq%2FP7j6opvJ3jsnJydk3WJd%2FOxEN72yMJxFQchpmGcRDdPYpwzRaJDkLvNw4PTATrDDlUWbnncZ7djEo%2B6U%2BlPiTefhbB5Oj8deDTGsTcv31gPooEqjA4QmFaBe3HoYKYWytHT11GFhKss94RIDYCvV5jO8vkRkfX6uhlXc55hR2WGbg97gzOnYfDuHa6skvjdsfThg02ElDFQ2tvH5RNh0fn8YS3%2FvV68g6%2Bf847hqlwcMzNdG1lpcA9l2zHRTbkdlkoRRErmMxtOEf81Bw4XeL0cJrQY1SGA4NOBKurlCqRY4CAIMl1JUAktTeEfKlWxVdgThGFZ4C6sRxxAzmBpVp9VQBlbWhtWRIvtzUGI40dFZybViTSGyZ7DXlpsPMn3c1j0jI%2FvrDP2%2FlsoKEzVvsZ%2FYVywyTYtNeKFkLjCF6%2Bywyur9lfhknbUGHHWU9eoafsaMa7oTbW0RkHuDZoi2sunQWJTyM92stvazobZexV1us6nLw9f%2FSuXLrBNExspvwts3%2FORCSNrHMwYoxepjwxwl0KyUGPYoqY9uagNb0y4xOkk2PP9dISe5YetHZy9%2BtV9znstYFrBB8BAAf98KoZ9gDb3rd12HXkj0GobNENZQYYfFhvsH

That, he explained, made the ticks drop off of “vertically oriented” clothes — which would simulate a pair of pants when a person is standing.

In addition, Eisen said, when the ticks were in contact with the clothes for up to five minutes, they lost their ability to move normally — and to bite.

There are still questions, he noted, including what types of clothing offer the best protection in the real world.

The CDC already recommends permethrin as one tactic for avoiding tick bites. It says that people can “treat clothing and gear, such as boots, pants, socks and tents, with products containing 0.5 percent permethrin.”

The agency further says that “pretreated clothing is available and may be protective longer.”

Thomas Mather is director of the University of Rhode Island’s Center for Vector-Borne Disease and its TickEncounter Resource Center.

He said the new findings, published May 24 in the Journal of Medical Entomology, offer more support for the tick-fighting garments.

“This can be a pretty effective way to stop ticks,” said Mather, who was not involved in the study.

In his own research, Mather found there are benefits even with permethrin-treated summer clothes that leave some skin uncovered — shorts, T-shirts, socks and sneakers.

His team had a group of brave volunteers watch a movie while allowing lab-raised, disease-free ticks to crawl on their bodies. Some wore regular clothes, some wore clothes with permethrin — either pretreated or with the insecticide added using home kits. Those wearing either kind of treated clothing ended up with far fewer live ticks on their bodies by the end of the movie.

https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/embed/video/?v=d4e4a4f57f075b1307e6934846008d5f35c4c637#zVdtb9u2Fv4rhD7sk2nrzZJsoAiapC9blzRN2mJtfWFQIiWxlkSVpGI7Qf77DinZjrsWu7i72xogkEXyvD3POYdH984tp0w483uHdpJoLhpn7kXByKnbzTXLf6bO3Nm%2B%2BXX2c0mvP5zzF3rzOnjz22V38apOMvfFM3YeR87I0WVXpw3hFRwvtW7VfDFZTLJUNWytgjH84EqD%2BmyciXoxKbt0MeGLiVxMfNdLFhN3Cv%2B%2BectJ6ns%2BTtyM4DD3I5zGXoynMaM5C6Yu8ePFZG9tMYlCdxNE7mIS01kynUW5T3Lfi%2BKIxknsUj8J83jKgllubLg%2BznSNayFF2hWpkA2jXDGi2BeCGyK7imBvOp0lboAHxePPbWHiEy3PGlIziO%2Fs9Aa9LblCF6CAN%2FvtKyJZo2%2BqroBDEDHWcMgYGw6xlitBQYM3coxRA7XjOealqEGy35CZIaOslHmkXAMpIDJ1zd%2FIabkhZEXW6%2Bbu%2Fe0XenpprG9b45eRGTmd3HFgKeAtoVhpyUgNXowHRnoWaoiewKPdfE2D5%2FvBLAingZcESY%2Fc8uztxfLi9fXr0644Ncid98i9ebq8tMgte%2BTiJfj6P4iM66BLnIeRCWN5SyQnjV62pWjYERDeIxiuNy%2FLZf2Lv9TnyyMYvpL%2FEUCxnnwzRk3SiunvBuneUu4tf0mffvzIvx3koOBHiLJ3ZR%2Bm1HV7FFgMVXUIbXtBL1evni8%2FiFAdQrNCu2Dua9LwnCk9bwC%2FB7PXd5Z2lgRRMGa0YHmmxg3Ti4loKIPzdDE5IZ0un0DEPxGet09uXdf7SVXQgp7c28eVZDnfPNynAM7qoV97zit2RXT5MGDzf4PFXcazaFy34Vd2DrHlYf2wp23gCd%2BWY7IiNeEl7cO7W0x6DfO5lh2b56RS7GGcqdo0wp2yMSg7aAYm%2FgvN%2FE80K82kJXWv%2BMHQu%2BY5P6Y3fNylruMPHr27Jpwm8YFeK%2FSHXKVi3VSC0H8gS4GO0DV0mBCC4igA%2FyiAdx837uy9%2F%2F56GweHAILiX3bfP7j%2FuA0I%2Ff0mUiv3bvNM3EZXNPp2EzHSP0IHAT%2BG9gHhqS5VmeQpo2ei0faKvIeBha1Nm3Fsrj46JJ0%2BcUcOV5ELHueSNBncwexo49kGADpaCRPoB0btsGott61kCi7hpquqUT8laa6NWeeUlbyhSJcMqU4WDPEGDXOEQgrkCEXpFtVCfem4FkyNEEw%2BK3jkFRw6wrkflNbr9TG61t5iklpLMEgwbC1h3uCdJdxbwukWHyxhawhbO4uJmS36ceQvKTIOdzaPqOf6Uz8mOJj5UxxmNMMzmuc4j0CBFzCSuSa%2FrPeUrUDiKYKg0Nn5GZKsFVIrlIMjyoLXwBTHJBI5aploK4bWpUAF00iBbZRLUe8x7BFE0NwthgiyHLDmO7ghO5EkkOvVdowuecOs1W9wwhvFMg1M8CarOiv3ka%2BIVQypsuqaomu2ZITWTLLBZQY2hbQe51wqDa7UlnOz8m58M0bncozeEklQn8zoswA7aPGHSXHhIC2MW1mnFCrF2ry2UmjwCW1FJxWr8vEOQNioRckM7lA22I6rj2IyNJoeAFeduKrI1plDuUNqZyszbkKhcPWsMYVCd5VCJIBYsadwNwppJvtPDnAZspnv4ogkKfY85gOhMH7DhZnkLCGum7rOf74SvbRz8Cfn5OQEFR3cBo9O2A8GEoazKAgpDPBZhMM09jEBbThIcpd4Lo09ljp7kasuPbcdyzF9BLtT7E%2BRN52Hs3k4PRx7O1Sf0h3dokw0QEZtEgnwrRn4RU0mAWWsqgyvNoHhnVTVFlFIabQWcvVIX98Es76zLIdV2KfQC7LdNmVqBdO9YzrFObs1TsLvlhS7A6Zml5CNtSk2eL7kphF9ckowrEuDjFm9AYbtt9VuvV8edECnaUWj%2BC2UgEXGfk9YKJMkjJLIJTieJvR7BA0CPS8HC51icrBAYHyClXR1A1aN4iAIIF0qXnNoquEelBtIwuyghEJagRT0UQoppqEMauvV0KuWJoblASLzOjgxnLBw1qKA4ix59optlcHms0ifd02PyMi8nQH%2FhZDGGHSHDq4c8xM6YdvB6HElRc4zzppst0qa7Q2%2FM2QVDIY%2BaVgt2Asputae6BqjAbDXEAbvalMOrdFSPfLNeGs%2ByxrDKuxSU0228t79Y%2B05M8TwjFR%2FatL8gi9fkMd9jkPS4pZJk%2FoS7GaVgFJoCtxnPDbJDk6YYrGWTMr%2BvUZOck2KJ2eXF5Cc2HMJyQIyGB6S4q9HwdVLJsX%2B9rZDyJUAJiGVhlRncKkAlQ%2B%2FAw%3D%3D

While people can use permethrin on their regular clothes, the pretreated garments hold up to many more washings, according to Mather — up to 70.

Some people may be wary of chemically treated clothes. But, Mather said, the amount of permethrin in clothing is very low: A solution containing only 0.5 percent of the pesticide is “dried into” the fabric.

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, research indicates that permethrin is “poorly absorbed” through the skin, and there’s no evidence that treated clothing could be harmful to children or pregnant women.

U.S. military members have been using permethrin-treated uniforms since the 1990s, the EPA noted. According to Mather, the garments may also be a good bet for people whose jobs keep them outdoors — or for gardeners or anyone else who spends time in places where tick exposure is a concern.

Eisen pointed to some other CDC-recommended ways to cut the risk of tick-borne ills:

  • Avoid wooded and brushy areas with high grass and “leaf litter”;
  • walk in the center of outdoor trails;
  • use EPA-registered repellents containing ingredients such as DEET, picaridin or oil of lemon eucalyptus;
  • thoroughly check your body and clothes for ticks after being outdoors; and
  • shower within two hours of coming back indoors.
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Category:

Activism, Lyme, research, Testing, Ticks, Treatment

Science Conversation with Dr. Cameron/Benefits of a Second Opinion in Lyme Disease

Published on May 22, 2018

Dr. Daniel Cameron, a leading Lyme disease expert, discusses the potential benefits of a Lyme Disease Second Opinion for a 37-year-old man with new onset panic, anxiety, depression and a history of Lyme disease. You can also view the complete video on my website at http://danielcameronmd.com/lyme-disea…
This case study offers insight into the complexity of evaluating and treating a patient with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a history of Lyme disease. Although the evaluation and treatment may have been well thought out, additional treatment options could have been discussed with the patient. Alternatively, the 37-year-old man might have benefited from a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and antibiotics.
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For More:

Category:

Lyme, Psychological Aspects, research

Help Support the Study of Bartonella

https://crowdfund.umn.edu/SkinDiseaseResearch  (Go here to help)

Bartonella: More Than Skin Deep

Benefits: Bartonella and other Vector-Borne Infections Fund

Please join the Beating Bartonella community in supporting a research study led by Dr. Marna Ericson and her team at the Dermatology Imaging Center here at the University of Minnesota Medical School.

Following numerous reports from clinicians and patients, an association between infection with Bartonella henselae and linear skin lesions, now called Bart-tracks (previously referred to as striae), has recently been documented in our published case report. Frequently neurological symptoms are also reported. A larger study is needed to investigate the potential role that the Bartonellae play in the development of Bart-tracks in infected patients. The goal of this study is to generate preliminary data needed to apply for grant support through traditional research funding channels. In this study, Dr. Ericson and her research team will measure the prevalence of Bartonella spp. infection in patients who present with Bart tracks using advanced imaging techniques coupled with molecular tools in blood and skin samples. Dr. Ericson will further investigate the interactions of the Bartonella with fibrillar collagen in the dermis of the skin.

Research partners include Galaxy Diagnostics where the blood and tissue will be tested for Bartonella DNA. Additionally, they are looking at the role of Bartonellosis in skin cancer and Gulf War Illness.

Please make a donation to support this research!! Bartonella infection is extremely challenging to confirm with laboratory testing. As a result, the findings form this study are of critical importance to physicians and patients in the effort to better diagnose Bartonella infections in people with chronic illness potentially associated with Bartonella infection. Your support will go directly to Dr. Ericson’s lab to support this important research.

Funds raised in excess will be used for Bartonella and other vector-borne disease research

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**Comment**

I heard Dr. Ericson at a CME conference and her pictures using advanced imaging techniques (single and multi-photon, correlative, super-resolutioin confocal, electron microscopy, and microPET imaging, and second harmonic generation) regarding Bartonella were astounding.  To say that Bartonella is pervasive would be an understatement.

More on Bartonella:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/01/03/bartonella-treatment/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/05/07/fox-news-bartonella-is-the-new-lyme-disease/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/08/09/a-bartonella-story/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/09/13/dr-fox-cat-scratch-fever-warning/

Category:

Activism, Bartonella, research

Mosquito Spit Alone May Significantly Alter Your Immune System for Days After a Bite

http://www.newsweek.com/mosquito-spit-alone-may-significantly-alter-your-immune-system-days-after-bite-932675?utm_source=engageim  By Aristos Georgiou, 5/18/18

MOSQUITO SPIT ALONE MAY SIGNIFICANTLY ALTER YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM FOR DAYS AFTER A BITE

blob:http://www.newsweek.com/2562375e-c0c4-4bc3-9f79-15498c0465ba (News video here)

When mosquitoes bite you, hundreds of different proteins present in their saliva enter your bloodstream, in addition to any pathogens they may be carrying.

Some of these proteins help the mosquito to suck blood from you. But they may also have more wide-ranging effects, increasing the severity of any diseases that the mosquitos are carrying by causing a significant immune response that can last for days after a bite, according to new research.

In a new study, published in the journal PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, scientists from Baylor College of Medicine examined the effects of mosquito bites on human immune cells. To do this they bioengineered mice using human stem cells, which effectively gave the rodents some features of a human immune system. These features included a complete set of human white blood cells, including the so-called ‘T cells’ that fight disease.

The mice were bitten by mosquitoes uninfected with any pathogens in a lab environment. Afterwards, the scientists analyzed any change in the functioning of the humanized immune cells.

They found that the mosquito spit alone produced an immune response involving more types of cells and lasting far longer than expected. In fact, the scientists detected immune cells traveling to the site of the bite up to seven days after it occurred. Furthermore, the immune response was observed in various tissue types, including the blood, skin and bone marrow.

“The biological significance of these changes remains to be determined, but it might explain how some pathogens, such as viruses, can spread through the body in these cells, replicate to higher extents, and even remain in some tissues for far longer than detected in blood,” the researchers wrote in the study.

Previous studies have also indicated that some properties of a mosquito bite, including its saliva, may exacerbate diseases that the insects carry.

For example, mouse experiments have shown that infections caused by a mosquito bite are often more severe than those caused by injecting the same parasite with a needle. However, whether or not the results of previous studies looking into this issue would translate to humans is an open question, as the experiments used bioengineered mice that provide a less accurate model of our immune system in comparison to the mice used in the latest study.

Mosquitoes and the pathogens they transmit are a growing public health concern. Around the world, 750,000 people die every year from mosquito-borne diseases—including malaria, dengue, West Nile, Zika and chikungunya.

Treatment options are often limited for these diseases and their incidence is only expected to rise in the next few decades, as the host ranges of multiple mosquito species increase due to climate change.

“Understanding how mosquito saliva interacts with the human immune system not only helps us understand mechanisms of disease pathogenesis but also could provide possibilities for treatments,” the researchers wrote in the study.

“If we know which mosquito saliva components enhance pathogenesis of diseases, we could create a human vaccine to counteract these effects for multiple infections,” they said.

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**Comment**

What does this mean for Lyme/MSIDS patients?  According to this study, mosquitoes carry Lyme disease (borrelia):  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/07/23/german-study-finds-borrelia-in-mosquitos/

Here is an excellent read by Dr. Sponaugle on the study:  https://sponauglewellness.com/lyme-study-how-borrelia-bacteria-is-transmitted-from-mosquitoes-to-humans/  He explains that the fact mosquitoes bite quickly makes some question their ability to transmit Bb; however, Sponaugle states, “Mosquitoes might have the equipment after all to enable Borrelia spirochetes the ability to survive for the durations necessary to be viable vectors of Lyme disease.”

Reading this current information on the various proteins & other pathogens present in their saliva altering human immune systems certainly screams for more intense study of the potential not only of spreading Bb but of amplifying all pathogens in the mosquito as well as the human.  The combination of tick and mosquito transmission would certainly help explain the far-ranging (world-wide) transmission rates of Lyme/MSIDS.  And, what about the other coinfections?  Much must be done with clear, unbiased studies starting at ground zero.

We need transmission studies more than we need climate studies.  People are dying out here.

For more:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/08/14/canadian-tick-expert-climate-change-is-not-behind-lyme-disease/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/07/08/global-warming-numbers-fudged/

GMO mosquitoes:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2015/12/28/frankinbugs/

Wolbachia as a biocontrol:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/02/12/wolbachia-laced-mosquitoes-being-released-why-lyme-msids-patients-might-be-negatively-affected/  Ticks carry worms and transmit them to humans.  Here’s what’s scary about Wolbachia: “Dogs treated for heart worm (D. immitis) have trouble due to the heart worm medication causing Wolbachia to be released into the blood and tissues causing severe Inflammation in pulmonary artery endothelium which may form thrombi and interstitial inflammation. Wolbachia also activates pro inflammatory cytokines.”  Nobody’s talking about what this could do to humans – particularly humans with worms.

GMO Mice:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/06/21/first-frankenbugs-now-frankinmice/

Regarding tick eradication, controlled burns are 78-98% effective, yet are not huge money makers and isn’t garnering support.  It’s up to We the People to spread the truth:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/04/03/fire-good-news-for-tick-reduction/

Category:

Activism, Lyme, mosquitoes, research, Ticks, Transmission, Viruses