Archive for the ‘Lyme’ Category

Editorial: Newly Proposed Lyme Disease Guidelines Strike Out

https://danielcameronmd.com/proposed-lyme-disease-guidelines-strike-out/

EDITORIAL: NEWLY PROPOSED LYME DISEASE GUIDELINES STRIKE OUT

In 2000, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) published the first set of guidelines for the treatment of Lyme disease. The guidelines were criticized for not recognizing the existence and severity of chronic Lyme disease. The second set of guidelines, released by IDSA in 2006, again failed to recognize chronic Lyme disease. [1] Now, it would appear that the next set of soon-to-be-released guidelines are in danger of striking out again and not recognizing the existence and severity of chronic Lyme disease.

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There is growing evidence supporting the existence and severity of chronic manifestations of Lyme disease. Studies have found that at least 1 in 3 patients treated for Lyme disease remained ill years after treatment. Furthermore, 4 clinical trials sponsored by the National Institutes of Medicine (NIH) documented the existence and severity of chronic manifestations of Lyme disease.[2-6]

Treating Lyme disease, whether it’s in the chronic or early stages of illness, can be complex and challenging. Many of the Lyme disease patients in the NIH trials remained ill for years, despite treatment. In fact, researchers reported that chronic Lyme disease patients’ quality of life “was equivalent to that of patients with congestive heart failure; pain levels were similar to those of post-surgical patients and fatigue was on par with that seen in multiple sclerosis,” according to the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society’s (ILADS) 2014 evidence-based guidelines.

Meanwhile, studies from Johns Hopkins indicated that patients diagnosed with “post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS)” continued to be ill following antibiotic treatment, even though they received antibiotic therapy early on. PTLDS patients in the study suffered severe fatigue, pain, cognitive complaints, and poor function.

“Studies using rodent and primate models have suggested that the persistence of bacteria and/or spirochetal antigens after antibiotic therapy may drive disease,” explains Aucott from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.  

IDSA’s proposed Lyme disease guidelines dismiss psychiatric, behavioral and neurodevelopmental manifestations due to Lyme disease. CLICK TO TWEETThe IDSA guideline committee is again at-bat. This time, the committee included representatives from a broad range of other organizations in developing the guidelines. Their proposed Lyme disease guidelines have accepted the existence and severity of just one chronic manifestation of Lyme disease. That being, post-treatment Lyme arthritis.

“In patients who have failed one course of oral antibiotics and one course of IV antibiotics, we suggest a referral to a rheumatologist or other trained specialist for consideration of the use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic agents, intra-articular steroids, or arthroscopic synovectomy,” states the latest IDSA guidelines draft from August 2019.

Proving causality: Lyme disease and chronic manifestations

Unfortunately, the proposed guidelines do not accept the existence and severity of other chronic manifestations of Lyme disease, particularly those involving psychiatric, behavioral or neurodevelopmental manifestations. The committee dismissed these chronic manifestations of Lyme disease as not causal. As the authors state:

  • “No studies suggest a convincing causal association between Lyme disease and any specific psychiatric conditions.”
  • “There are no data to support a causal relationship between tick-borne infections and childhood developmental delay or behavioral disorders (such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autistic spectrum disorders, Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS), learning disabilities, or psychiatric disorders).”

The committee’s argument is arguably similar to the debate on whether smoking causes lung cancer.  “At that time, the results of epidemiological studies had shown associations of smoking with increased risk for lung cancer and other cancers, for coronary heart disease, and for ‘emphysema’ and ‘bronchitis,’” writes Glass from Johns Hopkins University in the Annual Review of Public Health. [15]

The tobacco industry questioned the evidence. “Even as the epidemiological evidence mounted, the tobacco industry implemented a wide-ranging strategy to question the credibility of epidemiological evidence generally and of the most pivotal studies specifically,” writes Glass.

They created and spread doubt, as Glass explains, “The manufacture and dissemination of doubt remain strategies today, widely used by stakeholders whose interests are potentially threatened by a causal finding.”

The Infectious Diseases Society of America appears to be using the causality argument to question the evidence and manufacture and disseminate doubt.
If this draft is finalized, the committee is arguably about to strike out again for both doctors in clinical practice and their patients.

Editor’s note: Dr. Cameron is the first author for the 2004 and 2014 International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS) guidelines that accepted the existence and severity of chronic Lyme disease.

It has become clearer that patients initially identified as having chronic Lyme disease suffer from a broad range of presentations including:

  1. Lyme encephalopathy [8]
  2. Lyme neuropathy [8]
  3. Neuropsychiatric Lyme disease [9]
  4. Pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders – PANS [10]
  5. Lyme carditis [11]
  6. Autonomic dysfunction – POTS [12]
  7. Post-treatment Lyme fatigue – Post-Lyme disease [6]
  8. Neuropathic pain [13]
  9. Persistent symptoms after Lyme disease [5]
  10. Lyme disease with co-infections (e.g. Babesia) [14]
Related Articles:

Dismissing chronic Lyme disease for somatic symptom disorder

New study by guidelines author dismisses risk of chronic Lyme disease

B. burgdorferi persister cells survive attacks by antibiotics and may contribute to chronic illness in Lyme disease patients

References:
  1. Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, et al. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(9):1089-1134.
  2. Asch ES, Bujak DI, Weiss M, Peterson MG, Weinstein A. Lyme disease: an infectious and postinfectious syndrome. J Rheumatol, 21(3), 454-461 (1994).
  3. Shadick NA, Phillips CB, Logigian EL et al. The long-term clinical outcomes of Lyme disease. A population-based retrospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med, 121(8), 560-567 (1994).
  4. Fallon BA, Keilp JG, Corbera KM et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of repeated IV antibiotic therapy for Lyme encephalopathy. Neurology, 70(13), 992-1003 (2008).
  5. Klempner MS, Hu LT, Evans J et al. Two controlled trials of antibiotic treatment in patients with persistent symptoms and a history of Lyme disease. N Engl J Med, 345(2), 85-92 (2001).
  6. Krupp LB, Hyman LG, Grimson R, et al. Study and treatment of post Lyme disease (STOP-LD): a randomized double masked clinical trial. Neurology. 2003;60(12):1923-1930.
  7. Rebman AW, Bechtold KT, Yang T, et al. The Clinical, Symptom, and Quality-of-Life Characterization of a Well-Defined Group of Patients with Posttreatment Lyme Disease Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:224.
  8. Logigian EL, Kaplan RF, Steere AC. Chronic neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(21):1438-1444.
  9. Fallon BA, Nields JA. Lyme disease: a neuropsychiatric illness. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151(11):1571-1583.
  10. Sigra S, Hesselmark E, Bejerot S. Treatment of PANDAS and PANS: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;86:51-65.
  11. Muehlenbachs A, Bollweg BC, Schulz TJ, et al. Cardiac Tropism of Borrelia burgdorferi: An Autopsy Study of Sudden Cardiac Death Associated with Lyme Carditis. Am J Pathol. 2016.
  12. Kanjwal K, Karabin B, Kanjwal Y, Grubb BP. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome following Lyme disease. Cardiology journal. 2011;18(1):63-66.
  13. Simons LE. Fear of pain in children and adolescents with neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome. Pain. 2016;157 Suppl 1:S90-97.
  14. Krause PJ, Telford SR, 3rd, Spielman A, et al. Concurrent Lyme disease and babesiosis. Evidence for increased severity and duration of illness. Jama. 1996;275(21):1657-1660.
  15. Thomas A. Glass, Steven N. Goodman, Miguel A. Hernán, and Jonathan M. Samet. Causal Inference in Public Health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2013; 34: 61–75.

Category:

Lyme, Treatment

Bill Would Create Postage Stamp to Help Pay For More Lyme Disease Research

https://www.lymedisease.org/lyme-disease-postage-stamp/

Bill would create postage stamp to help pay for more Lyme disease research

Dec. 6, 2019

Rep. Antonio Delgado, NY

New York Congressman Antonio Delgado has joined Reps. Chris Smith (NJ), Collin Peterson (MN), and Lee Zeldin (NY) in introducing the Stamp Out Lyme Disease Act.

The bipartisan legislation would raise funds for the research and development of treatments for Lyme and tick-borne diseases.

The bill would create a postage stamp to supplement congressionally appropriated research funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to research treatments for Lyme and other tick-borne diseases.

“Lyme disease is an urgent and persistent threat in our upstate New York communities,” Rep. Delgado said. “Ticks and the diseases they carry threaten our livelihoods and rural way of life. I am deeply committed to addressing tick-borne diseases including Lyme and supporting the research and development of effective treatments.”

Rep. Delgado is a member of the bipartisan Lyme Disease Caucus. He further stated, “The Stamp Out Lyme Disease Act will raise awareness about the disease and directly support medical research to treat and cure tick-borne illnesses. I thank my colleagues on both sides of the aisle for joining me in introducing this important measure. I will continue to push to bring this legislation to the floor.”

Lyme disease cases exploding

“Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases are exploding in my state and across the country, with CDC estimating 300,000 to 437,000 new cases diagnosed each year, and 10-20 percent of all patients suffering from chronic Lyme disease,” said Rep. Chris Smith, co-chair of the congressional Lyme Disease Caucus.

Smith is also author of the TICK Act (Ticks: Identify, Control, Knockout Act, HR 3073). It calls for a whole-of-government national strategy to fight Lyme disease, including research, prevention and treatment programs.

“The recent announcement by the National Institutes for Health of a new, expansive research strategy to combat Lyme disease was overdue, but welcome,” Smith noted. “The Stamp Out Lyme Disease Act would raise awareness while the NIH implements this ambitious and necessary plan.”

Rep. Collin Peterson said, “As co-chair of the House Lyme Disease Caucus, I’m proud to support the Stamp Out Lyme Disease Act, as a direct way of funding future research, prevention and treatment of tick-borne disease at no cost to taxpayers.”

“Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne infection in the US. In my home state of New York, we have the third highest rate of Lyme disease in the country, which can be fatal if left untreated,” said Congressman Lee Zeldin.

“Having contracted Lyme disease myself, I can tell you that it is a very serious matter which requires our immediate attention. We must do more to advance prevention and recovery efforts for Lyme disease, which is why I’m proud to come together with my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to continue to provide the National Institutes of Health with resources for their important Lyme Disease research.”

430,000+ new Lyme cases annually

Up to 437,150 new cases of Lyme disease were reported across the country in 2016. Found in all 50 states, Lyme disease is difficult to diagnose and lacks reliable testing options for diagnosis. While symptoms can be managed, 10 to 20 percent of patients suffer from persistent symptoms that can be chronic and disabling even after treatment.

As a cure for Lyme disease remains evasive and the number of annual cases grows, it is critically important that research efforts are well-funded.

Rep. Delgado’s bipartisan Stamp Out Lyme Disease Act would commission a postage stamp to raise funds for Lyme disease research, with proceeds going to the National Institutes of Health. Specifically, the funding goes to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. This funding would supplement research dollars appropriated by Congress annually.

From 2007 to 2017, Lyme disease cases rose by 78% in the 19th Congressional District, and approximately half of adult deer ticks in the state are carriers for Lyme disease. Effectively addressing Lyme disease requires health, environmental, and research entities to work together.

Rep. Delgado has made addressing this disease a priority during his first year in Congress, and during the appropriations process, he successfully amended legislation to increase annual Lyme disease research dollars by $1 million in FY2020.

In addition, Rep. Delgado co-sponsored the bipartisan National Lyme and Tick-Borne Diseases Control and Accountability Act of 2019 which creates the Office of Oversight and Coordination for Tick-Borne Disease within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The office will foster collaboration between various government departments and organizations.

SOURCE OF PRESS RELEASE:  The Office of Congressman Antonio Delgado

Related Posts:

  1. Companion bill to bipartisan TICK Act introduced in the House
  2. Bill calls for $100 million to fight Lyme and other tick-borne diseases
  3. House passes 21st Century Cures Act with provisions for Lyme
  4. Ask your senators to co-sponsor Lyme disease bill (S. 1503)
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Category:

Activism, Lyme

The Link Between Lyme Disease and Dementia

https://www.bca-clinic.de/en/the-link-between-lyme-disease-and-dementia/

The Link Between Lyme Disease and Dementia

19. September 2019in BCA-clinic

Lyme disease results from infection with the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of some ticks. Common early symptoms of the illness include fever, headache, fatigue and a characteristic red rash (erythema migrans) at the site of the tick bite.

Early diagnosis is crucial. The sooner Lyme disease is recognised, the easier it is to cure fully with a course of oral antibiotics. As the infection progresses, it may become a lot more persistent. If left untreated for a long time, Lyme disease may enter a chronic phase. The infection can spread throughout the body and cause serious joint, heart and neurological symptoms.

Since the erythema migrans rash is absent in 20–30% of patients and the other symptoms can mimic other illnesses, Lyme disease is often difficult to diagnose. The available laboratory tests are also unreliable in the early stages of the illness. Therefore, doctors have to consider factors such as the patient’s history of tick bites and recent visits to high-risk areas, in addition to any physical signs and symptoms, when making a diagnosis.

Lyme Disease and the Brain

Some common questions about Lyme disease and the brain are ‘Can Lyme disease cause dementia-like symptoms?’ and ‘Does Lyme disease cause memory problems?’ To answer these, let’s take a look at the stats.

Lyme disease leads to profound effects on the brain in about 15% of cases. Some sources suggest that this proportion may be even higher, since thousands of cases are believed to remain undiagnosed every year. A small percentage of patients continue to experience neurological symptoms after receiving timely antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease. This phenomenon is often referred to as ‘post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome’, and its possible cause is a widespread inflammation of the brain.

Neurological Symptoms of Lyme Disease

Chronic Lyme disease develops when the infection remains unrecognised and untreated for a long time. In patients with strong immune systems, the initial symptoms can be very mild and may even go unnoticed. The bacteria can live inside the cells and not cause any problems for several months or even years.

Serious symptoms of chronic Lyme disease tend to first appear when immune function becomes disrupted due to another illness, stress or environmental factors. This is when the bacteria begin to proliferate at a greater pace, and travel to various different tissues and organs.

When Lyme disease becomes chronic and the bacteria spread to the brain, the resulting condition is referred to as neuroborreliosis. Common neurological and psychological symptoms of neuroborreliosis are cognitive decline, memory impairment, mood swings, decreased energy levels, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, disrupted fine motor control and vision changes.

In rare cases, neuropsychiatric Lyme disease can cause paranoia, hallucinations, mania and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In children, the most common symptoms of neuroborreliosis are headaches, behavioral changes, learning difficulties and sleep disorders.

Patients with chronic Lyme disease often report extreme fatigue. They can sleep for as many as 10 to 12 hours, yet not feel rested after waking up. Increased sensitivity to light and loud sounds can also develop.

Diagnosing Neurological Lyme Disease

In addition to serological testing, patients with suspected neuroborreliosis may benefit from a brain MRI scan. The scan may reveal lesions similar to those caused by multiple sclerosis. Spine lesions have also been observed in some cases. Other diagnostic methods to consider are nerve conduction studies and neurocognitive tests.

Secondary Dementia Due to Lyme Neuroborreliosis

Severe dementia resulting from neuroborreliosis is extremely rare. However, dementia-like syndromes associated with Lyme disease have been reported on occasion.

In a few cases, the condition has seemed to trigger primary dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Persistent chronic Lyme disease is normally treated with several courses of intravenous antibiotics, but it’s unclear whether serious neuropsychiatric symptoms are completely reversible.

Lyme Disease and Dementia/Alzheimer’s Disease

The dementia and other signs of cognitive decline caused by severe neuroborreliosis tend to resemble the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Some research studies have indicated the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients, suggesting a possible link between the two conditions. While Lyme disease can be successfully cured with antibiotics in most cases, the exact causes of Alzheimer’s disease remain unknown, and no effective treatment currently exists.

So how does Lyme affect you in old age? Well, one 2014 study aimed to determine if there was an actual relationship between Lyme and Alzheimer’s. The scientists collected data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on the incidence of Lyme disease and deaths associated with Alzheimer’s disease. They then analysed the information in search of any significant correlations.

One of the findings of the study was that the 13 states with the highest prevalence of Lyme disease actually had the lowest number of deaths from Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, the seven states with the highest incidence rates of Alzheimer’s were among the 13 states with the fewest number of Lyme disease cases. Vermont was the only state reporting a high incidence of both conditions. Any other potential associations were found to be statistically insignificant.

The link between Lyme disease and dementia remains unclear, but considering the other possible implications of contracting chronic Lyme, it’s better to be safe than sorry and protect yourself against tick bites altogether.

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For more:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/06/10/the-coming-pandemic-of-lyme-dementia/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/05/30/why-lyme-disease-is-causing-a-mental-health-crisis/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/06/22/dementia-from-illness/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/03/10/baseballs-tom-seaver-diagnosed-with-dementia/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/03/25/a-brief-history-of-neuroborreliosis-research-dementia-an-inside-look-at-two-researchers/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/06/03/borrelia-hiding-in-worms-causing-chronic-brain-diseases/

Category:

Alzheimer's, Lyme, Psychological Aspects

Study of Biofilm Could Lead to New Class of Anti-Infective Drugs

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31784893

2019 Nov 29. doi: 10.1007/s00430-019-00644-3. [Epub ahead of print]

Interaction with the host: the role of fibronectin and extracellular matrix proteins in the adhesion of Gram-negative bacteria.

Vaca DJ1, Thibau A1, Schütz M2, Kraiczy P1, Happonen L3, Malmström J3, Kempf VAJ4.

Abstract

The capacity of pathogenic microorganisms to adhere to host cells and avoid clearance by the host immune system is the initial and most decisive step leading to infections. Bacteria have developed different strategies to attach to diverse host surface structures. One important strategy is the adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., collagen, fibronectin, laminin) that are highly abundant in connective tissue and basement membranes. Gram-negative bacteria express variable outer membrane proteins (adhesins) to attach to the host and to initiate the process of infection. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of bacterial adhesion is a prerequisite for targeting this interaction by “anti-ligands” to prevent colonization or infection of the host. Future development of such “anti-ligands” (specifically interfering with bacteria-host matrix interactions) might result in the development of a new class of anti-infective drugs for the therapy of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the manifold interactions of adhesins expressed by Gram-negative bacteria with ECM proteins and the use of this information for the generation of novel therapeutic antivirulence strategies.

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For more:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/07/19/biofilms-what-are-they-how-do-they-impact-chronic-infections/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/09/29/microscopy-of-spirochaete-biofilm/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/05/29/mixed-borrelia-burgdorferi-helicobacter-pylori-biofilms-in-morgellons-disease-dermatological-specimens/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/04/19/first-study-showing-borrelia-chlamydia-mixed-biofilms-in-infected-human-skin-tissues/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3721268/  Bartonella & Brucella – Weapons and Strategies for Stealth Attack

Great article on Biofilm: https://www.bayarealyme.org/blog/straight-talk-biofilms-new-answer-treating-lyme-disease/

Another one on possible treatments: https://www.tiredoflyme.com/biofilm.html

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/02/13/lyme-disease-treatment/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/01/03/bartonella-treatment/

Some patients have found remarkable improvement after addressing biofilms. This is what can make heparin such a help for those with hyper coagulation (thick blood).

 

 

 

 

 

Category:

Lyme, research, Treatment

Study Identifies 189 Children With Lyme Carditis

https://danielcameronmd.com/study-identifies-189-children-with-lyme-carditis/

STUDY IDENTIFIES 189 CHILDREN WITH LYME CARDITIS

In reviewing medical records from a Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database between 2007 and 2013, clinicians identified 189 children diagnosed with Lyme carditis.

“The burden of Lyme disease and Lyme carditis in U.S. children’s hospitals has increased in recent years,” writes Beach and colleagues in Pediatric Cardiology.

By

In their article “Increasing Burden of Lyme Carditis in United States Children’s Hospitals,” Beach et al.¹ reveal the rise in Lyme carditis cases throughout the U.S. The largest increases, they write, were found in the Midwest, including the Ohio valley.

According to the authors, the children with Lyme carditis were older than children with Lyme disease, who did not have Lyme carditis. On average, they were 13 years old and more likely to be male.

“Encounters for Lyme carditis are dramatically costlier than those for Lyme disease without carditis,” the authors explain. In fact, the median cost of treating a child with Lyme carditis was $9,104 with a range of $3,741 to $19,003. The median cost of treating a child with Lyme disease without Lyme carditis was $922 with a range of $238 to $4,987.

None of the 189 children identified in the database died. However, the database did not include out-of-hospital outcomes.

In the study, there was a broad range of cardiac codes identified among the 189 children. The authors could not be sure of the accuracy of the cardiac codes or whether there were pre-existing cardiac cases.

The list of cardiac cases is much broader than heart block, as identified in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) surveillance case definition.

Cardiac codes for 189 children with Lyme carditis

Out of the 189 children, cardiac codes identified in the database included:

First degree AV block – 28%
Acute myocarditis – 27%
Complete AV block – 17%
Second degree AV block – 15%
Heart disease NOS – 9%
Non-specific ECG abnormality – 4%
Cardiomyopathy – 4%
Premature beats – 3%
Right bundle branch block – 3%
Acute pericarditis – 2%
Atrial fibrillation/flutter – 2%
Suspected cardiovascular disease – 2%
Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia – 2%
Cardiac arrest – 2%
Congestive heart failure NOS – 2%
Conduction disorder NOS – 1%
Left bundle branch block – 1%
Anomalous AV excitation – 1%
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia – 1%
Paroxysmal tachycardia – 1%
Pericardial disease NOS – 1%
Other cardiac dysrhythmias – 38%

Additional costs

The authors were not able to address other costs due to Lyme carditis. “In addition to this financial burden, it is important to consider the additional costs of missed school and work, long-term morbidity, and emotional distress when considering the importance of preventing, diagnosing, and treating Lyme carditis,” writes Beach.

“The increasing number of serious cardiac events and costs associated with Lyme disease emphasize the need for prevention and early detection of disease and control of its spread,” the authors conclude.

Related Articles:

Lyme carditis presenting as atrial fibrillation treated successfully

Five cases of Lyme carditis in Canada: multiple hospital visits to diagnose

Lyme disease induces severe cardiac problems in 15 year old boy

References:
  1. Beach CM, Hart SA, Nowalk A, Feingold B, Kurland K, Arora G. Increasing Burden of Lyme Carditis in United States Children’s Hospitals. Pediatr Cardiol. 2019 Nov 14

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For more:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/06/04/how-vector-borne-diseases-impact-heart-health/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/03/heart-problems-tick-borne-disease/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/11/04/suspect-lyme-carditis-start-empiric-antibiotics-case-report-suggest-and-lyme-carditis-is-not-rare/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/03/10/when-lyme-hurts-your-heart-warning-signs-solutions/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/07/02/new-uva-study-tentatively-links-ticks-to-heart-disease/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/11/27/what-happens-if-lyme-disease-goes-untreated/

Category:

Heart Issues, Lyme, research