Archive for the ‘Testing’ Category

Dogs & Ehrlichiosis

https://www.victoriaadvocate.com/news/local/check-dogs-for-ticks-to-prevent-ehrlichiosis/article_3ff4e19c-e682-5ab5-8ae1-0dc14fc95bdb.html Jan. 2018

Check dogs for ticks to prevent Ehrlichiosis

Check dogs for ticks to prevent Ehrlichiosis

Shana Bohac  Contributed Photo

By Shana Bohac

Ehrlichiosis is a common tick-borne illness seen in animals and humans. It is most commonly seen in dogs and rarely in cats. This disease is caused by three different bacteria: Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Ehrlichia ewingii. Outdoor dogs, particularly hunting dogs, with inadequate tick prevention are at higher risk; however, any dog that goes outside can be exposed to a tick and thus become infected. There are a wide variety of ticks that can spread the Ehrlichia bacteria through their saliva, however the brown dog tick and the lone star tick are the most common.

Ehrlichia canis is found worldwide with increased frequency in tropical and subtropical climates, making South Texas and the southern U.S. prime locations. This bacterium is spread primarily via the brown dog tick. The brown dog tick can tolerate hot and cold temperatures and can complete its entire lifecycle indoors. Dogs are their preferred hosts, however they will feed on a wide variety of mammals.

 Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii are found in the central, southeastern and eastern United States. The lone star tick is the primary transmitter of both of these bacteria. This tick is found in thick underbrush or high grass. They can bite painlessly and go unnoticed by its host for several days. The lone star tick requires three separate hosts to complete its life cycle and they will feed on a wide variety of mammals and birds.

 

The most common signs of a dog with Ehrlichiosis are decreased energy, loss of appetite, fever and weight loss. There may also experience an increase in bleeding, lameness and lymph node enlargement. Signs usually start one to three weeks after infection with the bacteria. Some dogs become chronically infected with the bacteria. These dogs may experience kidney failure, neurologic disturbances and chronic bleeding disorders.

Diagnosis is made based on clinical signs, history of exposure to a tick, and analysis of bloodwork. Initial bloodwork typically shows low platelets, anemia and low white blood cell counts. There are various blood tests that can be performed to confirm a diagnosis Ehrlichiosis. In-hospital tests may be available at some clinics. These tests are great screening tools for Ehrlichia; however, in early infections this test may not show up positive. Advanced testing may be needed if Ehrlichiosis is suspected.

Antibiotics are the treatment of choice for Ehrlichiosis. Twenty-eight days of treatment is recommended to clear the infection. In cases of severe anemia or blood loss, blood transfusions may be needed. Corticosteroids may also be used to help stop the body from destroying platelets and red blood cells.

Though this disease can be found in humans, there is very minimal risk, if any, of contracting these infections directly from a pet. The disease is only spread through the bite of a tick.

Prevention is so important in avoiding Ehrlichiosis. Good quality flea and tick products from your veterinarian can help prevent your pet from getting this potentially deadly disease. Flea and tick products from your veterinarian are much more effective and are much safer for your pet. Over-the-counter products have higher risk of toxicity and localized reactions.

Dr. Shana Bohac is a veterinarian at Lakeway Veterinary Clinic in Edna. She works on both small animals and equine patients. Submit questions to drshanabohac@hotmail.com.

 

Babesia Tests Approved by FDA for Screening Purposes

Babesia microti tests approved by FDA for screening blood, organ and tissue donors

March 6, 2018

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved the Imugen Babesia microti Arrayed Fluorescent Immunoassay (AFIA), for the detection of antibodies to Babesia microti (B. microti) in human plasma samples, and the Imugen Babesia microti Nucleic Acid Test (NAT), for the detection of B. microti DNA in human whole blood samples. These tests are intended to be used as donor screening tests on samples from individual human donors, including volunteer donors of whole blood and blood components, as well as living organ and tissue donors.

Blood donation Image/ Waldszenen at the wikipedia project
Blood donation
Image/ Waldszenen at the wikipedia project

“The U.S. blood supply remains the safest in the world thanks in part to the FDA’s ongoing work to enforce standards for blood collection and to identify and respond to potential threats to the nation’s blood supply. While babesiosis is both preventable and treatable, until today, there was no way to screen for infections amongst blood donors,” said Peter Marks, M.D., Ph.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. “Today’s actions represent the first approvals of Babesia detection tests for use in screening donors of whole blood and blood components, and other living donors.”

Babesiosis is caused by Babesia parasites that are transmitted by Ixodes scapularis ticks, also known as blacklegged or deer ticks. B. microti is the main species that causes infection in the U.S. There are about 1,000 to 2,000 cases of babesiosis reported in the U.S. each year, with the majority reported from states in the Northeast and upper Midwest. Babesia can also be transmitted by transfusion of blood or blood components collected from an infected donor.

Babesia screening for donor blood: An American Red Cross study

The vast majority of people infected with B. microti do not have symptoms and are never diagnosed. Some people develop flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headache and body aches. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warns that for certain people, especially those with a weak immune system, it can be a severe, life-threatening disease and that while bloodborne transmission of babesiosis is thought to be uncommon, it is the most frequently reported transfusion-transmitted parasitic infection in the U.S. and remains an important concern.

We Can Prevent Half of Fatal Infections from Blood Transfusion by Screening for Babesiosis

The investigational use of Babesia donor testing has been in place since August 2012 in selected Babesia endemic areas under investigational new drug applications (INDs). The use of the investigational tests has resulted in the removal of a significant number of infected units from the blood supply. The data collected from this testing and from additional studies performed by the manufacturer prevented the release of hundreds of potentially infectious donations and demonstrated that the tests are effective in screening donors for B. microti infection. The tests approved today are not intended for use in the diagnosis of babesiosis infections.

These applications were granted Priority Review, under which the FDA’s goal is to take action on an application within six months where the agency determines that the product, if approved, would significantly improve the safety or effectiveness of treating, diagnosing or preventing a serious condition.

There currently is no FDA guidance for the testing of donor samples for Babesia. However, the FDA is planning to issue draft guidance with recommendations for reducing the risk of transfusion-transmitted babesiosis later this year.

The approval of the Imugen Babesia microti AFIA and NAT tests was granted to Oxford Immunotec, Inc. Both assays are in-house tests that can only be performed at the Norwood, Massachusetts facility.

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More on Babesia:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/02/28/lyme-hang-out-with-dr-cameron-3-children-contract-babesia-from-blood-transfusion/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/09/27/premature-infants-develop-babesia-via-blood-transfusion/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/11/07/congenital-babesiosis-in-two-infants/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/02/20/babesia-and-heart-issues/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/01/16/babesia-treatment/ (Symptom checklist found within this link)

 

 

Lyme Innovation: Dr. Neil Spector

  Approx. 16 Min

Lyme Innovation: Dr. Neil Spector

  • More cases of Lyme than breast cancer.
  • Points out there is targeted treatment for cancer. Just like cancer, Lyme is not one disease and it demands the same targeted treatment.
  • Early vs Late – prevention is everything.
  • There is genomic precision medicine to detect cancer. The same sort of precision medicine for Lyme needs to happen.  Why do some do well with doxycycline while others do not?  Studying genes would reveal this.
  • Therapeutic resistance:  Lyme Persisters are a big deal.  The biology for cancer and Lyme are very similar.  We should learn from cancer.

Break down the silence on Lyme Disease.

  • EMT:  cells mutate in cancer and change shape.  This happens in Lyme Disease as well.
  • Metastatic disease – why a tumor cell goes to the brain and not the lung is built into the microenvironment.  Same for Lyme.  These are not random accidents.
  • Cancer and LD is very smart.  He suggests figuring out when they change shape, what proteins change, and then target it at that point.
  • With cancer, they can now detect a single tumor cell in the blood.  Now can also detect cell-free DNA in the blood that picks up all sorts of mutations.  The same needs to happen with Lyme Disease.

If the science doesn’t impact the patient.  WHO CARES

Dr. Spector never had the classic symptoms of LD and was not diagnosed due to a missed a band on current CDC two-tiered testing.  His case progressed to needing a heart transplant.

For more:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/06/21/spector-rawls-interview-on-lyme-disease/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/12/15/duke-studying-alternatives-to-antibiotics-for-lyme/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/07/01/dr-spector-on-fox-5-ny/

 

 

Strides in Lyme Research & Links to Mosquitos As Carriers

https://sponauglewellness.com/huge-strides-in-lyme-research-and-links-to-mosquitos-as-carriers/

HUGE STRIDES IN LYME RESEARCH AND LINKS TO MOSQUITOS AS CARRIERS

PUBLISHED BY  Thursday, February 22nd, 2018

Kudos to Columbia University, et al., for making a more diligent effort to provide better quality testing diseases spread by ticks. Their findings include multiple infectious organisms that are injected via ticks into the blood stream of Americans on a daily basis.

Finally, after all the controversy, after all the battles between those of us considered Lyme literate doctors and organizations like the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an organization who recently admitted they missed the mark, for years, with their overzealous requirements on antibody testing which has proven to have at least 60 percent false negatives.

Lyme Disease Mosquito

This research by Columbia University, et al., and their admittance that previous Lyme testing was inept, should surely wake-up the World Health Organization (WHO), whom was recently named in a report for violating human rights of people with tick-borne diseases.

The report resulted in a meeting between United Nations Human Rights Council, medical professionals, scientists, human rights experts, and advocates. A human rights expert discussed the neglect of Lyme patients, in which the outdated codes of WHO resulted in very sick people being denied treatment. He also mentions the attacks on Lyme doctors who are treating chronic Lyme disease patients.

The previous lack of quality testing for Lyme disease in conjunction with the past CDC criteria and the fear many physicians on a national level, have historically faced from medical boards, is undoubtedly responsible for the unnecessary suffering, and worse, severe brain infections and neurological sequela in millions of Lyme patients in America.

Again, hats off to Columbia University and others involved for attempting to advance testing for the multiple infectious organism ticks can carry, and often inject, into our blood stream.

Are Ticks the Only Culprit? Dr. Sponaugle Believes Mosquitos Are Also to Blame for Lyme Disease.

However, the focus continues to remain too much on “tick-borne” when in fact, there should be more American research on mosquito borne diseases. I suggested in 2009, when I took over my daughter’s medical care for Lyme disease, Bartonella, Ehrlichia, West Nile, Babesia, etc., that mosquitoes are surely carrying Lyme disease. This scientific fact was finally proven in Germany, the study was released by University of Frankfurt in 2015.

Personally, I have never met a chronic Lyme patient who denied being bitten by a mosquito, yet, I have treated thousands who denied ever seeing a tick.

Are Women More Prone to Mosquito Bites?

Many men bring their chronic Lyme wives to Sponaugle Wellness and upon questioning, suggest that their wife is actually their mosquito repellent. Do mosquitoes prefer “sugar” to “spice”? The old nursery rhyme suggest females are indeed, sweeter than men, is it actually true? If so, and if mosquitoes are a major reservoir for Lyme spirochetes, it might explain why we treat so many women with severe Lyme disease who have never seen a tick.

To make this debate more interesting, I must mention a University of Florida study that suggest mosquitoes are more attracted to the sweet smell of lactic acid. Thus, patients with higher toxicity levels will attract more mosquitoes, it is a known fact that females, in general, suffer far more gut toxicity than men.

Furthermore, we know that females have twice the prevalence of toxin derived Multiple Sclerosis (MS) than do men.

The more toxicity one suffers, the more inflammation one suffers, and subsequently, excessive inflammation stimulates an elevation of multiple blood clotting factors (Fibrinogen, Thrombin-Antithrombin III, PAT). The elevated clotting factors ultimately narrow the capillary lumen and prevent red blood cells from traveling through the microcirculation and thus compromise the delivery of oxygen. This leaves deep tissue in a state of micro-hypoxia or lack of oxygen, thus leaving body tissue in a slight, but chronic anaerobic state. This mild anaerobic state causes excessive production and accumulation of sweet smelling lactic acid in the body tissue and blood stream.

The take home message is – the more toxic, the more inflamed, the more excessive blood clotting, the more reduction of capillary blood flow, the more lactic acidosis build up, the “sweeter” you smell to mosquitoes. This will explain the mechanism for some of you who know well that you are the “mosquito magnet” among your friends and family.

​If we accept the stellar research from University of Frankfurt, and we acknowledge that many more people are bitten by mosquitoes than by ticks, should we then not surmise that partial causation of the surge of Lyme disease is actually secondary to the ever-growing scourge of mosquitos.

​I believe these scientific facts and common sense should compel well-funded institutions to immediately begin an attempt to study and ascertain what percentage of mosquitoes are indeed carrying Lyme spirochetes.

Women who consider themselves “Mosquito Magnets” are most susceptible

Let us always think and pontificate, let us not become complacent assuming we have the answer in totality. We must realize the more we know, the less we really know. We cannot blindly accept the limited thinking of many, we should surely be focused on studying the possibility that mosquitoes are potentially every bit as responsible for causing an increased prevalence of Lyme disease in Americans.

We should also surmise that there is a great possibility, certainly remain open minded to the concept, that mosquitoes can more easily transport Bartonella, a much smaller bacterium than the Borrelia spirochete.

At Sponaugle Wellness, our clinic is saturated with Bartonella ridden females most of whom have never seen a tick, but they do consider themselves a mosquito magnet. Their blood smears are saturated with various Protozoa which readily correlate with Protozoa infection on their PET brain scans.

These women who suggest “mosquitoes love them” more commonly test positive for Bartonella which truthfully seems to be ubiquitous. The blood smears of these women typically reveal Bartonella infection which correlates with medial frontal lobe pressure, mid forehead, and often significant pressure behind their eyes. These same female patients who readily attract mosquitoes exhibit a specific pattern of under activity in the medial frontal lobe on their PET brain imaging.

​This “Bart pattern” we see on their PET brain scan, and the excessive pressure these patients experience in the middle of their forehead and behind their eyes, normally goes away once we enhance their mitochondrial function, enhance natural killer cell activity via all natural IV protocols, which then, after the enhancement of their immune function we provide an efficacious kill with specific antibiotics that are much better for killing Bartonella than they are for Lyme spirochetes.

Let’s keep learning together as I encourage you, the patients, to increase awareness and put pressure on politicians to allocate more tax dollars for the study of mosquitos as a potential and significant reservoir of not only Lyme spirochetes, but also what my patients are proving is a Bartonella epidemic in America. For more information, read Dr. Sponaugle’s full study on How Borrelia Bacteria is Transmitted from Mosquitoes to Humans.

Read original article on Columbia’s Multiplex Test for Tick-borne Diseases (TBD Serochip) here.

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**Comment**

I wished I shared the same outlook the author of this article has; unfortunately, regarding other insects being vectors of Bb, I hear powerfully placed & highly funded entomologists use a Magnarelli et al, study completed in the 80’s that showed spirochetes in the heads and midguts, but as a “rare” event.  They then state that the public “zeros” in on “rare events” too much and lowers their perception of risk by the main vector (the tick, of course).

So, in essence, you have researchers choosing to downplay (censor) something that is happening in real time because they are worried about our response. 

I keep hearing the “Don’t panic” mantra from authorities which then trickles down through a blind and bought out media.  These people obviously aren’t infected.

Trust me.  You panic when you can’t walk.

For those interested in the ancient, dusty Magnarelli et al study:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=3170711  Prevalence of infection for hematophagous insects (blood sucking) ranged from 2.9% of 105 Hybomitra lasiophthalma (horse fly) to 14.3% of seven Hybomitra epistles (horse fly) …Groups of 113 field-collected mosquitoes of Aedes canadensis and 43 Aedes stimulans were placed in cages with uninfected Syrian hamsters. Of these, 11 females of both species contained B. burgdorferi and had fed fully or partially from the hamsters. No spirochetes were isolated from the hamsters, but antibodies were produced in one test animal.

My question is, do other serious, life-threatening diseases rely solely on studies completed 30 years ago & then quit studying?

For the German study on Mosquitos and Bb:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2016/07/23/german-study-finds-borrelia-in-mosquitos/   DNA of Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia bavariensis and Borrelia garinii could be detected in ten Culicidae species (mosquitoes) comprising four distinct genera (Aedes, Culiseta, Culex, and Ochlerotatus). Positive samples also include adult specimens raised in the laboratory from wild-caught larvae indicating that transstadial and/or transovarial transmission might occur within a given mosquito population.

It’s right here in bright purple crayon.  But the elephant sits, unnoticed in the middle of the room.

And issue after issue such as is Bb sexually, congenitally, & transmitted via breast milk?   Are other ticks involved?  How do coinfections affect cases?  When is the CDC going to even acknowledge that patients are coinfected?  And on and on to infinity.  

To those answers, highly placed and powerful people will smugly point to research done by themselves over 30 years ago.  Then they even have the audacity to smugly point out meta-analysis of buckets of studies done by themselves over 30 years ago to cinch the deal.  Mind you, these studies have two inches of dust on them, yet we are to blindly accept that nothing’s changed.

And yet, Lyme/MSIDS is a pandemic – and coming to your neighborhood soon.

But……don’t panic.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Direct Molecular Detection & Genotyping of Bb in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Lyme Neuroborrelosis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/29467195/

Direct molecular detection and genotyping of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with Lyme neuroborreliosis.

Authors

Barstad B1Quarsten H2Tveitnes D3Noraas S2Ask IS4Saeed M4Bosse F5Vigemyr G6Huber I7Øymar K3,8.  J Clin Microbiol. 2018.  [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract

The current diagnostic marker of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bb) antibody index (AI) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), has insufficient sensitivity in the early phase of LNB. We aimed to elucidate the diagnostic value of Bb PCR in CSF from children with symptoms suggestive of LNB and explore Bb genotypes associated with LNB in children. Children were prospectively included into predefined groups with high or low likelihood of LNB based on diagnostic guidelines (LNB symptoms, CSF pleocytosis and Bb antibodies), or detection of other causative agents. CSF samples were analyzed by two Bb specific real-time PCR assays and, if Bb DNA was detected, further analyzed by five single-plex real-time PCR assays for genotype determination.  In children diagnosed as LNB patients (58 confirmed and 18 probable) (n=76) or non-LNB controls (n=28) the sensitivity and specificity for Bb PCR in CSF were 46% and 100%. Bb DNA was detected in 26/58 (45%) children with AI positive LNB and in 7/12 (58%) with AI negative LNB and short symptom duration. In 36 children with detectable Bb DNA, genotyping indicated B. garinii (n=27) and non- B. garinii genotypes (n=1), eight samples remained untyped. Children with LNB caused by B. garinii did not have a distinct clinical picture.  The detection rate of Bb DNA in CSF of children with LNB was higher, than previously reported. Bb PCR could be a useful supplemental diagnostic tool in unconfirmed LNB cases with short symptom duration. B. garinii was the predominant genotype in children with LNB.