Archive for the ‘Psychological Aspects’ Category

Depression: the Radical Theory Linking it to Inflammation

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05261-3

BOOKS AND ARTS 29 MAY 2018

Depression: the radical theory linking it to inflammation

Alison Abbott considers a persuasive case for the link between body and mind.

d41586-018-05261-3_15785092
Collage of coloured sagittal MRI scans of the human brain.
Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the human brain.Credit: Simon Fraser/SPL/Getty

The Inflamed Mind: A Radical New Approach to Depression Edward Bullmore Short (2018)

Depression affects one in four people at some time in their lives. It is often difficult to treat, in part because its causes are still debated. Psychiatrist Edward Bullmore is an ardent proponent of a radical theory now gaining traction: that inflammation in the brain may underlie some instances. His succinct, broad-brush study, The Inflamed Mind, looks at the mounting evidence.

The book outlines a persuasive case for the link between brain inflammation and depression. Bullmore pleads with the medical profession to open its collective mind, and the pharmaceutical industry to open its research budget, to the idea. He provides a current perspective on how the science of psychiatry is slowly emerging from a decades-long torpor. He sees the start of a shift in the Cartesian view that disorders of the body ‘belong’ to physicians, whereas those of the more ‘immaterial’ mind ‘belong’ to psychiatrists. Accepting that some cases of depression result from infections and other inflammation-causing disorders of the body could lead to much-needed new treatments, he argues.

In 1989, during his clinical training at St Bartholomew’s Hospital in London, Bullmore encountered a patient whom he calls Mrs P, who had severe rheumatoid arthritis. She left an indelible impression. He examined her physically and probed her general state of mind. He reported to his senior physician, with a certain pride in his diagnostic skill, that Mrs P was both arthritic and depressed. Replied the experienced rheumatologist dismissively, given her painful, incurable physical condition, “You would be, wouldn’t you?”

Mrs P is a recurring motif, as is the rhetorical question. Bullmore draws on more than two millennia of medical history — from ancient Greek physician Hippocrates to the work of neuroanatomist and 1906 Nobel laureate Santiago Ramón y Cajal — to illustrate his points. At times they seem like intellectual meanderings, but these passages also show how medical science often progresses by means of bold theories that break away from received wisdom.

After his training, Bullmore specialized in psychiatry, and quickly experienced its limitations. He describes his growing awareness of how poorly science has served the field, using the development of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as a prime example.

That long and winding road began with the antibiotic iproniazid. It was discovered through scientific logic: by screening chemicals for their ability to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the test tube and in mice. Iproniazid transformed the treatment of tuberculosis in the 1950s. Patients clawed back from the jaws of death exhibited euphoria — well, you would, wouldn’t you? — and the drug was soon launched as an antidepressant. Soon the theory emerged (based more on supposition than evidence, says Bullmore) that its psychiatric effects were the result of boosting the neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline. Drug developers began to focus on neurotransmission more broadly.

Prozac (fluoxetine), which boosts serotonin transmission, was launched in the mid-1980s, and many pharmaceutical companies quickly followed with their own SSRIs. It seemed to be the revolution psychiatrists had been waiting for. But it soon emerged that only a modest subset of patients benefited (estimates based on trials vary widely). That is unsurprising in retrospect, with the new appreciation that depression can have many causes. Bullmore holds that the emergence of SSRIs bypassed scientific logic. The serotonin theory, he writes, is as “unsatisfactory as the Freudian theory of unquantifiable libido or the Hippocratic theory of non-existent black bile”. He notes that, after SSRIs failed to live up to the hype, time once again stood still for psychiatry.

Bullmore recalls a teleconference in 2010, when he was working part-time with British pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline. During the call, the company announced it was pulling out of psychiatry research because no new ideas were emerging. In the following years, almost all of ‘big pharma’ abandoned mental health.

Then a window seemed to open — one that shed a different light on the plight of Mrs P. Some of the textbook certainty that Bullmore had learnt by rote at medical school started to look distinctly uncertain.

In particular, the blood–brain barrier turned out to be less impenetrable than assumed. A range of research showed that proteins in the body could reach the brain. These included inflammatory proteins called cytokines that were churned out in times of infection by immune cells called macrophages. Bullmore pulls together evidence that this echo of inflammation in the brain can be linked to depression. That, he argues, should inspire pharmaceutical companies to return to psychiatry.

It seems unfair that someone struck down by infection should have depression too. Is there a feasible evolutionary explanation? Bullmore hazards that depression would discourage ill individuals from socializing and spreading an infection that might otherwise wipe out a tribe.

Other brain disorders might turn out to be prompted or promoted by inflammation. An exciting link with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, is also being studied (see Nature 556, 426–428; 2018). But we need to learn from the rollercoaster history of brain research, and keep expectations in check. Beneath his bombastic enthusiasm, Bullmore acknowledges this, too.

Nature 557, 633-634 (2018)

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05261-

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**Comment**

Lyme/MSIDS patients are often depressed.  I certainly was.  I found the worse I felt physically, the worse I felt mentally.  My mental state improved on appropriate anti-microbial treatment right along with my physical state.

I wholeheartedly believe the reason we are seeing suicides with Lyme/MSIDS is because patients are being abused at every juncture.  They are not believed and live an isolated existence where they can not speak honestly to those closest to them.  If you find yourself in this situation, please, for your mental health, get to a support group.  Once inside those doors you will be affirmed, believed, and listened to.  Don’t have a support group?  Start one!  With an estimated 1 million to contract Lyme/MSIDS this year (2018) there’s going to be a whole lot more of us!  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/02/24/one-million-predicted-to-get-lyme-in-2018-in-the-u-s/

For some other info linking infections to depression:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/03/treat-the-infection-psychiatric-symptoms-get-better/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/01/panspandas-steroids-autoimmune-disease-lymemsids-the-need-for-medical-collaboration/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2015/10/18/psychiatric-lymemsids/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/01/17/lymemsids-and-psychiatric-illness/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/08/misdiagnosed-how-children-with-treatable-medical-issues-are-mistakenly-labeled-as-mentally-ill/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/06/30/child-with-lymemsidspans-told-by-doctors-she-made-it-all-up/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/04/ld-diagnosis-took-forever-because-of-mental-health-stigma/

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/04/07/young-woman-with-lyme-takes-her-life/

 

 

 

Caffeine More Dangerous Than Cannabis

 Approx. 2:30

According to Dr. David Bearman, in 1988 after a two rescheduling hearing, the DEA’s chief administrative law judge recommended rescheduling Cannabis to a schedule II substance.  He also said it was one of the safest therapeutic agents known to man & that it was safer than eating 10 potatoes.

According to two well-known addictionologists, Dr. Jack E. Henningfield (National Institute on Drug Abuse) and Dr. Neal L. Benowitz (University of California at San Francisco), Cannabis is less dangerous than caffeine.  http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/basicfax5.htm

 They ranked six psychoactive substances on the following five criteria:
  • Withdrawal — The severity of withdrawal symptoms produced by stopping the use of the drug.
  • Reinforcement — The drug’s tendency to induce users to take it again and again.
  • Tolerance — The user’s need to have ever-increasing doses to get the same effect.
  • Dependence — The difficulty in quitting, or staying off the drug, the number of users who eventually become dependent
  • Intoxication — The degree of intoxication produced by the drug in typical use.
The tables listed below show the rankings given for each of the drugs. Overall, their evaluations for the drugs are very consistent. It is notable that marijuana ranks below caffeine in most addictive criteria, while alcohol and tobacco are near the top of the scale in many areas.

 

The rating scale is from 1 to 6. 1 denotes the drug with the strongest addictive tendencies, while 6 denotes the drug with the least addictive tendencies.

HENNINGFIELD RATINGS

Substance   Withdrawal   Reinforcement   Tolerance   Dependence   Intoxication

Nicotine           3                         4                       2                     1                   5

Heroin             2                          2                       1                     2                  2

Cocaine          4                          1                       4                     3                   3

Alcohol           1                           3                       3                     4                  1

Caffeine          5                          6                       5                     5                  6

Marijuana      6                          5                        6                     6                 4

 

BENOWITZ RATINGS

Substance   Withdrawal   Reinforcement   Tolerance   Dependence   Intoxication

Nicotine             3*                       4                     4                        1                6

Heroin                2                        2                      2                        2               2

Cocaine              3*                      1                      1                        3               3

Alcohol               1                        3                      4                        4               1

Caffeine              4                        5                     3                         5               5

Marijuana          5                        6                     5                        6                4

*equal ratings

A neurobiologist shows the under explored potential of cannabis to address opioid addiction:  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170202141322.htm

Excerpt:

For example, previous research shows that cannabinoids have a stronger effect on inflammation-based chronic pain, while opioids are particularly good at relieving acute pain. Problematically, opioids can quickly lead to a deadly addiction.

“If you look at both drugs and where their receptors are, opioids are much more dangerous in part because of the potential for overdose. The opioid receptors are very abundant in the brainstem area that regulates our respiration so they shut down the breathing center if opioid doses are high,” says Dr. Hurd. “Cannabinoids do not do that. They have a much wider window of therapeutic benefit without causing an overdose in adults. However, children have overdosed from consuming edible marijuana so that’s something to consider when making decisions regarding medical use.”

…..Accumulating evidence suggests that cannabinoids could have long-lasting therapeutic effects.

 

You may not be aware that medical cannabis is legal in 28 states and the District of Columbia, yet the DEA classifies cannabis as a Schedule I controlled substance, the same category as heroin, yet there is no toxic or lethal overdose effects of cannabis.  No one has ever died from cannabis.

You may also be surprised to learn the United States Department of Health Services owns a patent on cannabis:  https://patents.google.com/patent/US6630507B1/en.

The Patent covers the use of cannabinoids for treating a wide range of diseases. Yet under U.S. federal law, cannabis is defined as having no medical use. The patent (US6630507) is titled “Cannabinoids as antioxidants and neuroprotectants”. It was awarded to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in October 2003. It was filed in 1999, by a group of scientists from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), also part of the National Institutes of Health.

Even the U.S. government’s own NIH researchers concluded:  “Based on evidence currently available the Schedule 1 classification is not tenable; it is not accurate that cannabis has no medical value, or that information on safety is lacking.”  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3358713/

For a video guide on the science of cannabis & opioid information: https://healer.com/cannabis-and-opioids-video-guide-the-science/

If you want to learn more on the medicinal uses of cannabis:

Airing FREE June 20-27, 2018 Register here: http://bit.ly/2sGRiuY The Sacred Plant: Healing Secrets Examined is a groundbreaking 7-part documentary series centered on the most powerful and potent healing plant on earth.

7-Part FREE Series About Medical Cannabis

https://two.thesacredplant.com/docuseries/ty-bollinger?utm_campaign=June2018&utm_medium=email&utm_source=TTAV&utm_content=TyBD2Lander&utm_term=int-aff&oprid=44683

Ty Bollinger: Season 2 – Healing Secrets Examined Docuseries

Airing FREE June 20-27, 2018.

Register here: http://bit.ly/2sKefgT

The Sacred Plant: Healing Secrets Examined is a groundbreaking 7-part documentary series centered on the most powerful and potent healing plant on earth. This series will be available to you absolutely FREE online from June 20-27, 2018.

What is The Sacred Plant? Cannabis sativa. Its natural and non-toxic healing powers have been used for 5,000+ years to prevent, treat, and even beat hundreds of medical conditions and disorders. Including Cancer, PTSD, Autism, Seizures, Dementia, Fibromyalgia, Chronic Pain, Anxiety, and hundreds more with no harmful side effects, which are common with pharmaceutical drugs.

Through the stories and expert advice of global health leaders, doctors, scientists, patients, and survivors…you’ll discover The Sacred Plant’s miracles and misunderstandings. The stories you’ll witness will inspire and move you. If you or a loved one is suffering right now from a debilitating disease or chronic condition, it’s important that you get educated and empowered on The Sacred Plant. It could change and even save your life and the life of a loved one.

 

Establishing Balance, Using it or Losing it, and Lyme With and Without Coinfections: Q & A

https://globallymealliance.org/dear-lyme-warriorhelp-5/

lyme warriorby Jennifer Crystal
Every few months, Jennifer Crystal devotes a column to answering your questions. Here are her replies to questions she has recently received. Do you have a question for Jennifer? If so, email her at jennifercrystalwriter@gmail.com.
These desires are natural, but they are also a chronic Lyme patient’s Achilles heel, because doing too much at once will send you right back to bed, which is not where you or I want to be.

For me, taking on too much while ignoring and/or not understanding how to manage my limitations, caused a complete relapse. I ultimately learned that it’s better to dip your toe in the water slowly than dive in head first. The second time I battled my illnesses into remission, I started some volunteering before starting to work part-time. I went out for brief lunches once a week or so, but gave myself recovery time in between the outings; and I worked very slowly at physical therapy. Even now, when I’m so much healthier, I maintain balance by living my life within the context of my chronic illness.

Another pitfall chronic Lyme patients, including those with tick-borne co-infections,  fall into is not giving themselves any time “off”. I used to think, “Well, if I can only work part-time, then I need to put every once of energy I have into that work, to show that I’m  earning my keep.” But that led to burn out. It’s actually very important to take the time to simply relax, expending your energy on simple pleasures like watching a silly TV show or perusing a light magazine. So the best way to establish balance in your life is to first give yourself permission to have it!

Do you know any cases where someone became unfit to work due to taking too much time off? I worry that by not using my brain, I’ll lose my capacity for work.

This is an understandable concern, but you have to remember that your body is working very hard to heal from tick borne illness. I used to worry that my body and brain would succumb to entropy, but even after years of illness, they did not. My mind did not turn to mush, despite brain fog, syntax errors, mental confusion, and sleep disturbances. My body did not wither away, even though I lost and had to regain most of my muscle.

But I did ultimately restore both my physical and mental faculties, and I don’t think I could have done so if I had not given myself the requisite time needed to recover.

Your brain is working right now, fighting bacteria. Don’t push it before its ready. Whenever I tried to do that, I paid the price. My brain fog would only worsen, and I would only get more frustrated and discouraged. When I tried to exercise before my body was ready, the spirochetes only increased their activity, making me feel worse. Lyme is not a “just push through it” disease like, say, some types of flu. It’s much more serious and requires a sensible long-term view when it comes to recovery.

That said, do allow yourself to slowly regain your capabilities when you’re ready. When I was too tired to complete articles or essays, a friend of mine would play short writing games with me. He’d make up rules such as, “Send me two sentences using only three syllable words,” or, “Make up a funny story about a dog and tell it to me using only short sentences.” These activities helped me to pass the time, but also allowed me to use the language center of my brain without overworking it. Eventually, I was able to build back up to my original capacity. Though I remain heedful of overstimulation, now I can read and write articles, edit student essays, and write this column—plus work on my book. I wouldn’t have been able to do any of that had I forced my body and brain to work before they were ready.

Can you have Lyme without co-infections?

Yes, and vice-versa. This is one of the most important and misunderstood facts about tick- borne illnesses. Ticks can carry multiple infections, not only Lyme disease but others as well. I personally tested positive for Lyme, babesia, and bartonella, and they all required different treatments.

Had I only been tested or treated for Lyme, I would have only been fighting half the battle and, what’s most important, I would in all likelihood still be sick.

On the flip side, it’s also possible for a person to have a co-infection, but not Lyme disease. I know someone who had only ehrlichia, and another person who had only babesia. It’s very important to be aware of the symptoms of each-tick borne illness and, if you have any of the symptoms or have a tick bite or rash, that you visit a Lyme Literate Medical Doctor who can accurately diagnose and treat you.


jennifer crystalOpinions expressed by contributors are their own.

Jennifer Crystal is a writer and educator in Boston. She is working on a memoir about her journey with chronic tick-borne illness. Contact her at jennifercrystalwriter@gmail.com

 

Lyme Society’s TBD Education Conference Part 4 of 4

https://player.vimeo.com/video/271962463“>

 Approx. 1 hour 13 Min.

Part 4 of 4 of the Lyme Society’s Tick-Borne Disease Education Conference with Kenneth Liegner, MD

The Lyme Society’s Tick-Borne Disease Education Conference was held on May 12, 2018 at the Hampton Inn in Staten Island, NY. It was filmed by Andy Levison of Staten Island Community Television.

Part 1 – Brain Fallon, MD – Latest Advancements in Research
Part 2 – Robert Bransfield, MD – Lyme Disease & Mental Health
Part 3 – Pat Smith – What & Where They are and What is New for 2018
Part 4 – Kenneth Liegner, MD – The Disease that doesn’t Exist: Chronic Lyme Disease