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What Might Sudden Cardiac Death Due To Lyme Disease Look Like?

https://danielcameronmd.com/autopsy-study-reviews-cases-due-to-sudden-cardiac-death-from-lyme-disease/

WHAT MIGHT SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH DUE TO LYME DISEASE LOOK LIKE?

What might sudden cardiac death due to Lyme disease look like?

“Although rare, sudden cardiac death caused by Lyme disease might be an under-recognized entity,” according to researchers who describe their findings from an autopsy study on 5 case patients who died from sudden cardiac death and were found post mortem to have Lyme carditis. The cases are discussed in an article entitled Cardiac Tropism of Borrelia burgdorferi: An Autopsy Study of Sudden Cardiac Death Associated with Lyme Carditis, published in The American Journal of Pathology.

Fatal Lyme carditis is rarely identified. In reviewing five post mortem cases, Muehlenbach and colleagues found that Lyme disease was not suspected for one patient who complained of episodic shortness of breath, while the second patient tested negative for Lyme disease. Two other patients did not seek medical care. Details regarding the fifth patient were not released.

Ultimately, two case patients were diagnosed during unexplained-death investigations at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Lyme disease was suspected in two of the other cases by cardiac pathology at a tissue bank transplant service. Muehlenbachs and colleagues reassure the readers that cardiac tissue was not transplanted. [1]

Autopsies reveal several findings

Spirochetes were present in the heart on all 5 cases. When using immunohistochemistry (IHC), spirochetes were found “within the myocardial interstitial infiltrates, in the subendocardium, and occasionally in pericardial tissue in association with lymphohistiocytic infiltrates.” Muehlenbachs adds, “Rare spirochetes were seen in the leptomeninges of two cases by immunohistochemistry.”

All 5 cases lived in Lyme-endemic areas. Patients resided in counties with a high or moderate incidence of Lyme disease including, New York, New Hampshire (with recent travel to Connecticut), Massachusetts and Indiana.

All 5 cases reportedly engaged in outdoor activities. “Two patients had known exposure to ticks, and one patient reported a recent bite.”

None of the 5 cases met the CDC surveillance case definition for Lyme carditis. This definition includes: recurrent, brief attacks (weeks or months) of objective joint swelling in one or several joints; lymphocytic meningitis; cranial neuritis; radiculoneuropathy; encephalomyelitis; acute onset of high-grade (2nd-degree or 3rd-degree) atrioventricular conduction defects, and myocarditis.

Only 1 of the 5 cases underwent serologic screening for Lyme disease and the results were negative.

All 5 cases were symptomatic prior to their death. “A prodrome was reported for each of the patients that included the following: non-specific viral-like illness, malaise, shortness of breath, and anxiety,” according to Muehlenbachs. “One of these patients also had joint and muscle pain, and the other two patients had joint pain for an unknown duration.”

No dermatologic lesion was documented or reported for any of the patients, although one patient was evaluated in an emergency department 1 month before death for an arm lesion diagnosed as a possible spider bite from which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in culture.”

“Providers should consider Lyme disease in patients who have cardiac symptoms and exposure in an endemic area.” [1]

All 5 cases were seropositive post mortem according to the CDC’s two-tier criteria. “One sample met both IgM and IgG Western Blot (WB) criteria, with two of the three IgM bands and 6 of the 10 IgG bands reactive. The four remaining samples were positive by IgM WB criteria only, although three were nearly IgG positive with 4 of the 10 bands reactive,” states Muehlenbachs.

Underlying cardiac disease may have played a role in 3 of the 5 cases of sudden cardiac deaths associated with Lyme disease, Muehlenbachs points out, since there was significant underlying heart disease present in two patients, and an additional patient had moderate atherosclerosis, discovered at autopsy.

Physiological cardiac stress was considered a potential factor in 2 of the 5 cases. “In the other two patients, who were otherwise healthy, a degree of physiological cardiac stress likely was present: the woman had given birth 6 months previously and the man was a physically active outdoor enthusiast,” according to Muehlenbachs.

These pathologic findings provide insight into the possible cause behind sudden cardiac deaths associated with Lyme disease. “The findings support the proposed disease mechanism of spirochete cardiac tropism during early disease dissemination, the infiltration of cardiac tissue by inflammatory cells, and involvement of the conduction system, which likely mediates sudden cardiac death.” [1]

Is early diagnosis and prompt treatment possible?

“Early diagnosis and prompt treatment for Lyme carditis can be life-saving,” according to Muehlenbachs. “Health care professionals should evaluate all patients with suspected Lyme disease for cardiac signs and symptoms, and obtain an electrocardiogram promptly if carditis is suspected.” Furthermore, “diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion and serologic testing, with the caveat that serology testing may be falsely negative in a patient with recent illness onset.” [1]

Fishe and colleagues describe how early diagnosis and treatment helped save the life of a 15-year-old African-American girl with Lyme carditis. [2] The patient was hospitalized after a 3-day history of intermittent retrosternal and epigastric pain. After treatment was initiated, she developed a heart block. Tests for Lyme disease were positive and she was diagnosed with Lyme disease-associated myocarditis.

The adolescent was empirically started on doxycycline and was concurrently treated with milrinone infusion for afterload reduction and intravenous furosemide for pulmonary edema. Her EKG changed to first-degree heart block by day 2 and resolved completely on hospital day 3.

She recovered and was discharged home on hospital day 7 on oral furosemide, enalapril, and doxycycline, according to Fishe and colleagues.

However, another adolescent was not so fortunate. He died suddenly from undiagnosed Lyme carditis, following complaints of flu-like symptoms. The case is discussed in another All Things Lyme blog, Relying on a Negative Lyme Disease Test Can Prove Deadly.

“In patients with Lyme disease who complain of cardiopulmonary symptoms, clinicians should have a low threshold for obtaining an EKG to evaluate for Lyme carditis,” Fishe points out. Furthermore, clinicians should take note that in “children and adolescents, respiratory and gastrointestinal complaints, with or without chest pain, are the most frequent presenting symptoms.”

References:

  1. Muehlenbachs A, Bollweg BC, Schulz TJ et al. Cardiac Tropism of Borrelia burgdorferi: An Autopsy Study of Sudden Cardiac Death Associated with Lyme Carditis. Am J Pathol, (2016).
  2. Fishe JN, Marchese RF, Callahan JM. Lyme Myocarditis Presenting as Chest Pain in an Adolescent Girl. Pediatr Emerg Care, (2016).

#PlasmidGate RNA “Vaccine” Horror Story: Professor Bhakdi

https://worldcouncilforhealth.substack.com/p/bhakdi-plasmidgate?r=smi4r#play  Video Here (Approx. 13 Min)

Prof Sucharit Bhakdi: The Eternal Dangers of RNA Vaccines — A Horror Story

In this video introduction to #PlasmidGate, Bhakdi explains essential but complex scientific information relating to DNA contamination of the Covid-19 injections using everyday language and metaphor.

The Eternal Dangers of RNA Vaccines

Protected within the cell nucleus are chromosomes (the recipe books of life). The genome is the full set of DNA instructions (recipes) needed for life. When the cell needs to make a particular product (a cake), the relevant recipe book is opened at the right page and a copy of the recipe (mRNA) is made and sent out of the nucleus to manufacturing sites in the cell (the kitchen). Once its purpose is fulfilled, the mRNA is disposed of. The product is displayed where it can be inspected.

The Covid injections were designed to contain short-lived mRNA copies of DNA recipes that will direct production of the spike protein (the antigen). More than a billion copies of this message are administered with each injection into the human body!

To mass-produce mRNA, you need massive numbers of DNA templates. These billions and trillions of copies of the DNA recipe are derived from bacteria. They are contained in minute circular bacterial chromosomes called plasmids. Plasmids are used to manufacture mRNA because foreign DNA recipes (genes for desired proteins) can easily be inserted into them.

Once the foreign DNA recipe has been inserted into a plasmid, this is introduced into bacteria, which multiply, producing many, many copies of themselves. The DNA plasmids are then harvested and used as templates to produce copies of mRNA. The mRNA molecules are then packaged into tiny fatty globules called lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which protect them from being destroyed as they travel in the bloodstream to all organs of the body. The LNPs act as Trojan horses, being taken up by the cells and releasing their cargo of mRNA inside, where the recipe is used to produce the gene product (spike protein), which is then inserted into the cell membrane, where it is displayed.

Outside the cell, security guards (our immune system) are on patrol. If the ‘cake’ is produced according to a recipe that originates from one’s own book of life (genome), all is well. But if the recipe originates from an alien recipe book, the security guards will leap into action and attack that cell. The capacity of the immune system to recognise and eliminate cells that manufacture ‘non-self’ is given at birth and ends at death. Rejection of ‘non-self’ is often seen in organ transplants: you get my kidney – you reject my kidney. If after the first failure, a repeat attempt is made to donate my second kidney, a rapid, explosive rejection results.

The same principle underlies the ever-increasing intensity of adverse events following in the wake of booster mRNA injections.

Gigantic numbers of copies of packaged mRNA are administered with each injection. Myriad immune attack events will erupt throughout the body and only end when production of the alien protein stops. How long will this take? Just a few days, as the vaccine manufacturers, the vaccine perpetrators, and recently the Nobel Prize committee assert? It does not appear so.

An alarming finding surfaced over the past year that refutes this assertion. Spike protein and multi-organ inflammation were detected in vaccinees weeks and even months after injection, and this was associated with severe and often fatal illness. What earthly reason could there be for such disastrous, long-lasting production of an RNA-encoded protein?

The discovery by Kevin McKernan and colleagues of plasmid DNA contaminating the vaccines immediately provides one terrifying explanation. In the vaccine production process, the plasmid DNA templates must be removed from the generated mRNA before the latter is packaged into LNPs. Otherwise, plasmids will also end up in the packages. But Kevin discovered that this crucial step of removing plasmid DNA had not been assiduously undertaken.

Huge amounts of plasmid DNA were found in packaged form that guaranteed their successful delivery to cells. His work has now been replicated in other laboratories.

The uptake by cells of whole or fragmented plasmids alters the entire set of DNA instructions, in other words. By definition, this equates to alteration of the genome. During cell division, the nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing foreign DNA to become encased with the chromosomes in the newly-formed nuclei of daughter cells.

If whole foreign recipes (genes) are inserted, this will cause production of whole products (proteins). Continued production of any non-self protein will provoke long-term inflammation and organ damage throughout the body. Vessel walls will be damaged, with bleeding and blood clot formation being inevitable consequences. Tissues will then die due to lack of oxygen.

The heart is one organ that cannot replace dead cellsWho has not heard of the mysterious sudden cardiac deaths occurring around the world? They are only the tip of an iceberg. Vaccine-induced heart disease now threatens both young and old. Another organ that cannot replace dead tissue is the brain. Depending on where vaccine damage occurs, any number of neurological and psychiatric afflictions may follow.

Autoimmune diseases can develop simultaneously in different organs. This multifaceted feature of vaccination-induced injury is unique and was tragically illustrated in the unprecedented case of a 14-year-old child who died of multi-organ inflammation.

There is enormous potential for mRNA ‘vaccines’ to impair fertility and reproduction if they accumulate in the reproductive organs. Uptake of circulating RNA and DNA by cells of the placenta could result in stillbirths, and placental damage may also enable LNP-packaged genes to enter the foetal circulation. Indeed, it is known that stem cells in umbilical cord blood are reduced and impaired following the injection. It is feared that the baby may be reached in the mother’s womb.

The fat globules with their cargo are also known to find their way into breastmilk. Gut permeability is high during the first weeks after birth. There is a real possibility that breastfeeding will result in direct passage of vaccines into the baby’s blood where suicide mechanisms may be triggered. Remember that the immune system is able to recognise and destroy cells that produce alien proteins from birth.

The incredible horror story does not end here. Packaged DNA fragments have been found en masse as vaccine contaminants. Once they reach the nucleus, short DNA sequences have an increased propensity to insert into chromosomal DNA. The possible consequences are unending. Disruption of the exquisitely tuned network that controls cell division and differentiation can lead to cancer and to developmental defects. Mutations in sperm and fertilised egg cells could render altered traits inheritable.

Cost-effective procedures to reliably separate mass-produced RNA from plasmids do not exist. We can therefore expect that contamination of mRNA ‘vaccines’ with plasmid DNA will be the rule and not the exception.

Fellow citizens and physicians of the world, turn away from the perpetrators of this monstrous crime against humanity. Whoever promotes mRNA vaccines as being ‘safe and effective’, and whoever claims that nothing can happen to your genome is either incredibly ignorant or endlessly evil. That person is turning his back on the horror scenario that is unfolding before our very eyes.

Sucharit Bhakdi, Emeritus Professor of the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, a specialist in microbiology and infectious disease epidemiology, and the founder and chairman of a society of physicians and scientists for health, freedom and democracy, was introduced by Christof Plothe, DO, who described him as one of his “personal heroes” and “a shining light in this time of darkness.”

Prof Bhakdi’s contribution to the WCH Urgent Expert Panel on DNA contamination of the mRNA ‘vaccines’ reflects his deep commitment to empowering citizens to understand the very serious implications of the mass-rollout of the experimental Covid mRNA injections. He explains essential but complex scientific information relating to DNA contamination of the Covid mRNA injections using everyday language and metaphor. Here we provide an edited version of the full transcript of his valuable presentation.

The Dark History of SSRIs

**UPDATE**

Please see this 17 minute video by The Highwire on new science showing long term issues even after discontinuing SSRIs including sexual dysfunction and ‘brain zaps.’ Despite this, ‘the powers that be’ want to make these dangerous drugs over-the-counter.  

https://www.midwesterndoctor.com/p/there-is-decades-of-evidence-that?

The Decades of Evidence That SSRI Antidepressants Cause Mass Shootings

How Dangerous Must a Drug Be Before it is Pulled from the Market?

Most holistic doctors consider Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) anti-depressants to be one of most harmful mass-prescribed drugs on the market (it typically makes their top 5). However unlike the other drugs, which are just unsafe and ineffective, SSRIs also have a fairly unique problem—they can kill people who are not even taking the drugs.

Note: other common contenders for that list are StatinsNSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen), and acid reflux medications (proton pump inhibitors like prilosec). The harms and irrationality of those drugs are discussed herehere and here.

What follows is a revised and updated article summarizing the extreme dangers of those drugs I was requested by a few readers to write in light of recent tragic events.  (See link for article)

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**Comment**

This is one of the most important articles I’ve read for a long time.  The reason?  The topic of harm caused by anti-depressants is completely denied and ignored by Big Pharma, Big Media, and Big Medicine. I highly recommend you read this in full and share widely because it affects so many people, particularly Lyme/MSIDS patients who often struggle with psychiatric symptoms including depression.  Educating yourself on this is imperative if not for you than for someone you know.

Executive Summary:

  • While a minority of patients, particularly those with deficient methylation, who take SSRIs greatly benefit from them, much evidence has accumulated that they cause psychotic violence.
  • The author states that out of all of the controversial medical issues, the topic of SSRIs being linked to mass shootings has caused the most vitriol.
  • Unfortunately, like COVID and “vaccines” SSRIs have been highly politicalized, often among party lines.
  • Each time a mass shooting occurs the same script is repeated (ban all guns and have more mental health care [i.e. psych meds] for everyone).
  • Similarly to the “vaccine” topic, the oft repeated argument to dismiss the link between SSRIs and psychotic violence is that “correlation is not causation,” however:
    • clinical trial data hidden from the public gives this evidence
    • a black-box warning states SSRIs increase the risk of suicide
    • the psychotic events are completely out of character and the offenders report a very similar narrative of what they experienced prior to and during the shooting
  • SSRIs which entered the market in 1988 have a similar primary mechanism of action as cocaine
  • The SSRI Prozac received nearly 40,000 adverse events after 9 years which is far more than any other drug. These events include:
    • hundreds of suicides
    • atrocious violent crimes
    • hostility and aggression
    • psychosis, confusion
    • distorted thinking
    • convulsions
    • amnesia
    • brain-zaps
    • long-term or permanent sexual dysfunction
    • homicides: a website has compiled thousands of documented occurrences
  • A significant portion of the article came from the book Deadly Psychiatry and Organized Denial by Peter C. Gøtzsche (which builds upon the critical work Peter Breggin did to expose this issue)
  • For those taking SSRIs, do NOT suddenly stop taking them as you can have very strong withdrawal symptoms.  Please read the stories in the article to see how very serious this is.
  • Psychosis and Akathisia (extreme restlessness) are known side-effects of SSRIs that have led to strange impulses, or suicide, homicide, or both and are so disturbing they are often described as the individual being possessed, and patients have shared they felt as though a dark force was trying to take over their body
  • A clinical investigator wrote to Pfizer that during treatment with SSRIs, patients reported depersonalization and that their range of emotions were blunted as they were unable to feel or express themselves.  Pfizer responded with the admission that this happens with SSRIs and nobody knows why.
  • A common thread has occurred with these violent homicides:
    • the act of violence was immediately preceded by a significant change in the meds 
    • they occur in all ages who were completely normal before the act and no precipitating factors besides the psychiatric medication
    • there were clear symptoms of akathisia
    • the offenders returned to their normal personality when they came off the antidepressant
  • Similarly to the “vaccine” industry, the psychiatric industry aggressively gaslights victims rather than accept any responsibility
  • Individuals with a mutation in the gene that metabolizes psych drugs are much more vulnerable to developing excessive levels of these drugs triggering psychosis and akathisia but this is never considered when the meds are prescribed
  • Gøtzsche reviewed some key SSRI legal cases and in 2001 a jury found a pharmaceutical firm liable for deaths caused by an antidepressant. Central to a case were SmithKline Beecham internal documents showing the company was aware that a small number of people could become agitated or violent from Paxil, but they did not include a package warning about suicide, violence or aggression.  Two volunteers attempted suicide, but the company till denies that Paxil can cause homicides, suicides, and withdrawals.
  • Similarly to the false illusion that remdesivir helps COVID and that the COVID gene therapy injections are effective, Prozac was originally assessed to treat obesity, but was switched for depression which has a subjective metric which was easier to approve with doctored studies (after which they pivoted to using marketing off-label for obesity). “So, even though the evidence showing Prozac worked for depression was atrocious while abundant evidence existed for its harm, with a few well priced bribes and statistical creativity, Eli-Lilly was able to secure their approval.”  Sound familiar?
  • Government corruption has followed a playbook that existed long before the COVID debacle
  • While the COVID injections have complete legal immunity, SSRIs are toxic enough to have severely harmed large numbers of people motivated to fight the drug companies in court
  • The author states he was able to accurately predict and understand the COVID shot shenanigans due to being intimately familiar with the SSRI story.

Jacksonville Lyme Disease Patients Say They Had To Ask a Dozen Times For a Test

Sadly, getting a Lyme test is not always helpful.  Since testing is so abysmal, it misses a vast majority of cases – which can be worse in the long run because when the test comes back negative doctors tell patients they don’t have Lyme, when they very well could be infected with numerous life-altering infections.  Getting to an experienced Lyme literate doctor is your best bet as they use more sensitive tests AND they diagnose clinically based on symptoms, not a test with arbitrary antibody levels.

https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/entertainment/television/programs/gmj/heres-how-to-prevent-getting-lyme-disease-amid-the-start-of-tick-season

Jacksonville Lyme disease patients say they had to ask a dozen times for a test

Researchers at the University of North Florida say official Lyme disease statistics underestimate the number of people with Lyme disease.

JACKSONVILLE, Fla. — Schools may be out for summer break, but we are now in tick season. As your family spends more time in the fresh air, it’s important to know how to avoid the disease-carrying arachnids.

At the University of North Florida, researchers are working to create a more sensitive test for Lyme disease, a disease that is transmitted through ticks. Needing a more sensitive test and getting doctors to give a Lyme disease test in the first place, are just some of the problems people with Lyme disease say they face.

“It was March 3, 2011,” said Melissa Bell. “He came home from school, I know the exact day because it was a traumatic day, saying, ‘I don’t know what’s wrong, I’m falling down at P.E.’ And then an A+ student started having problems with short term memory, C’s, D’s, F’s, started losing the ability to walk.”

Bell’s son was 11 years old when he started showing symptoms of Lyme disease, but no one knew what it was. Bell, who is now the president of the Florida Lyme Disease Association, says it took nearly a year of advocating for her son to get a diagnosis.

“We probably asked for Lyme testing a dozen times,” Bell said. “It shouldn’t be that hard to have children tested for Lyme disease.”  (See link for article)

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**Comment**

Sadly, this is the norm in Lymeland.

Important quote:

“If you get a negative Lyme test, it doesn’t prove that you don’t have the infection,” Clark said.

Novel Therapy Destroys Lyme in Lab

https://projectlyme.org/novel-therapy-destroys-lyme-in-lab/

Novel Therapy Destroys Lyme In Lab

Research Identifies New Investigational Therapy Regimen Capable of Irreversibly Damaging Lyme Bacteria in Laboratory Tests

Inspired by research that targets cancer tumors, these new findings in Lyme could also lead to novel R&D strategies for other diseases. This project was partially funded by Project Lyme, in partnership with the Bay Area Lyme Foundation. Learn more about our funded research here.

http://

Dr. Neil Spector Research Project

Nov. 1, 2023

PORTOLA VALLEY, Calif. November 1, 2023 – Bay Area Lyme Foundation, a leading sponsor of Lyme disease research in the US, today announced the development of a potential new drug, HS-291, that targets and destroys Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. Published in the peer-reviewed journal Cell Chemical Biology, this laboratory study represents a novel paradigm shift for anti-microbial treatment research as it is the first to target and inhibit Borrelia burgdorferi HtpG (high-temperature protein G), a specific type of enzyme within the bacteria that causes Lyme disease— a condition affecting nearly 500,000 new patients annually. The research was conducted at Duke University School of Medicine, with collaboration from the University of North Carolina, Tulane University, and Stanford University, and HS-291 is currently in preclinical stage testing at UC Davis.

“As Lyme disease is currently treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and there are no targeted treatments, we are particularly excited about this discovery, and hopeful that our novel Lyme disease therapeutic HS-291 will specifically destroy the Lyme bacterium without off-target effects or antibiotic resistance,” said Timothy Haystead, PhD, professor of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Bay Area Lyme Foundation grantee, and co-lead author. “This research has been an incredible opportunity to leverage knowledge from oncology to Lyme disease to design an investigational therapeutic that could one day benefit hundreds of thousands of patients with Lyme.”

This discovery has implications beyond Lyme disease as it demonstrates that using the drug HS-291 to deliver cellular toxins to HtpG, a type of non-essential enzyme that assists the folding or unfolding of large and complex proteins, greatly expands what can be considered druggable within any pathogen and opens a whole new area of infectious disease research.

When activated, HS-291, an inhibitor of HtpG tethered to the photoactive cellular toxin verteporfin, causes discrete protein modifications, which wreaks havoc on the Lyme disease bacterium’s DNA. This impacts multiple processes including nucleoid collapse and cell wall disruptions. A single dose of HS-291, when activated by light, irreversibly damages Borrelia proteins in close proximity of Bb HtpG in vitro.

“Antibiotics used to treat Lyme disease do not always work for all patients, which causes many to suffer for years with extreme symptoms including neurocognitive issues, disabling fatigue and sleep disruption,” said Linda Giampa, executive director of the Bay Area Lyme Foundation. “Bay Area Lyme concentrates on funding innovative research, including projects where knowledge can be deployed from other areas of medicine. We hope that this discovery will inspire others to join us in investing in impactful, translational research to bring relief to patients.”

This research was made possible by a 2020 Bay Area Lyme Foundation grant of more than $2 million to Duke University School of Medicine in honor of Neil Spector, MD, a renowned oncologist who passed away from complications of Lyme disease that had been misdiagnosed for years. He encouraged scientists to take cancer staging techniques and immunotherapy learnings from oncology and apply them to Lyme research. Dr. Spector was the Sandra Coates associate professor in the Duke University Department of Medicine and also served on Bay Area Lyme Foundation’s Scientific Advisory Board.

Haystead and Spector joined forces as Spector sought to leverage his knowledge of oncology to help better understand Lyme disease, and Haystead’s research is focused on the use of chemical biology approaches to define novel drug targets focused on the treatment of hypertension, obesity, cancer, inflammatory and infectious disease.

Bay Area Lyme Foundation also funded University of North Carolina collaborator, Matt Redinbo, PhD’s research on HS-291; his lab’s crystallography work was instrumental in the discovery process.

Bay Area Lyme Foundation’s research grant program was made possible by the support from the Fairbairn Family, the Younger Family Fund, and Project Lyme.

For more: